Leakage In Teeth Research Articles

COMPARISON OF APICAL MICROLEAKAGE FOLLOWING CANAL OBTURATION WITH SINGLE-CONE AND WARM VERTICAL CONDENSATION TECHNIQUES USING DIFFERENT ROOT CANAL SEALERS

Microleakage can result in failure of endodontic treatment. An important characteristic of endodontic sealer is sealing ability. The aim of this experimental study was to compare the apical leakage of teeth obturated with single-cone and warm vertical condensation techniques using three different sealers (Cortisomol, AH Plus, Apexit Plus). Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human lower premolar teeth were selected and randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10), according to the root canal sealer and technique used for obturation: (A) Single-cone technique with Cortisomol; (B) Single-cone technique with AH Plus; (C) Single-cone technique with Apexit Plus; (D) Warm vertical condensation technique with Cortisomol; (E) Warm vertical condensation technique with AH Plus; (F) Warm vertical condensation technique with Apexit Plus. The teeth were immersed in India ink for seven days and clarified using methyl salicylate. The extent of apical dye penetration was measured with a measuroscope in all aspects of the canal. Results: The mean penetration length of dye in Cortisomol, AH Plus and Apexit Plus samples were 0.85, 0.98 and 0.58 mm, respectively. The differences between three groups were not significant (p > 0.05); also, the mean dye penetration in obturating with single-cone and warm vertical condensation techniques using Cortisomol, AH Plus, Apexit Plus was not significantly different. Conclusion: Cortisomol, AH Plus, Apexit Plus were similarly effective in prevention of apical microleakage. Differences in the mean dye penetration between the groups which were obturated with Single-cone and warm vertical condensation were not statistically significant. Key words: Microleakage, single-cone, warm vertical condensation, Cortisomol, AH Plus, Apexit Plus

Influence of Post Space Preparation on the Apical Leakage of Calamus, Single-Cone and Cold Lateral Condensation Obturation Techniques: A Computerized Fluid Filtration Study.

Apical microleakage between the root canal and periapical tissues is considered a common cause of endodontic failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical microleakage of various obturation techniques after immediate post space preparations with different drills. One hundred twenty human single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. The coronal portions were removed to achieve a uniform length of 15 mm. All root canals were instrumented with ProTaper Next rotary files using crown-down technique. The 120 roots were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups according to obturation technique (n = 40). The root canals were obturated with lateral condensation in group 1, single-cone technique in group 2, and Calamus 3D obturation system in group 3. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 20) according to drill types (Gates Glidden and Peeso drills) leaving 5 mm of apical gutta-percha. The apical microleakage was measured using the computerized fluid filtration meter method. The results were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni Corrected Mann-Whitney U multiple comparison post hoc tests. There was no statistically significant difference between obturation techniques after post space preparation with Peeso drills (p > 0.05). In Gates Glidden drill groups, single-cone technique demonstrated higher leakage (0.0051 ± 0.0037 μl x min-1 × cmH2 O-1 ) than Calamus techniques (0.0019 ± 0.0012 μl x min-1 × cmH2 O-1 ) (p < 0.017). Gates Glidden drills caused the highest apical leakage in teeth obturated with single-cone technique.

Evaluation of apical marginal leakage in teeth retrofilled with MTA-water and MTA-Fillapex: a study in avulsed teeth

Evaluation of apical marginal leakage in teeth retrofilled with MTA-water and MTA-Fillapex: a study in avulsed teeth

The Effect of One-Step or Two-Step MTA Plug and Tooth Apical Width on Coronal Leakage in Open Apex Teeth.

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been suggested as an effective material for apical barrier, forming an effective seal against bacterial leakage in teeth with open apices. MTA needs moisture for setting; which can come from the apical region or a moist cotton pellet. This study was intended to compare bacterial leakage in one- and two-step MTA apical barrier technique in open apices with different diameters. The root canals of 52 extracted human maxillary incisors were prepared and open apices in two different diameters of 1 and 1.4 mm were created. The samples put in experimental groups randomly. A 4-mm thickness of MTA was placed as apical barrier for both one- and two-step methods. In one-step groups (1.4 mm diameter; n=12 and 1 mm diameter; n=12), the samples were obturated immediately after placing MTA plug. For two-step groups (1.4 mm diameter; n=12 and 1 mm diameter; n=12), a moist cotton pellet was placed over the MTA plug for 3 days before root canal obturation. Four samples served as positive/negative control groups. After one week, microleakage was evaluated using bacterial penetration technique and results were statistically analyzed utilizing SPSS software and Chi-square test. In one-step technique 13 and in two-step technique 12 samples showed bacterial leakage. There was no statistically significant differences between two techniques (Chi square, P=1). The difference between the results related to 1 and 1.4 mm apical foramens was also not significant (P=1). Also 12 and 13 samples showed bacterial contamination in teeth with 1 mm and 1.4 mm apical foramens, respectively (P=1). It seems that leakage of MTA apical plug using one- and two-step technique is comparable; however, in vivo investigations are highly recommended for more accurate results.

Comparação da Infiltração Apical entre a Desobturação Imediata do Canal Radicular e a Desobturação após 8 Dias para a Preparação do Espaço para o Espigão

IntroductionThe success of endodontically treated teeth may be influenced by the ability to maintain the integrity of the apical seal. ObjectiveTo compare the apical leakage in teeth where post space preparation was made immediately after root filling, with delayed post space preparation (8 days after). Materials and MethodsA total of 40 recently extracted human teeth with single root canal, were prepared using step-back technique. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups: 17 teeth in groups I and II and 3 teeth in each of the groups III and IV (controls). In groups I and II the teeth were filled with gutta- -percha and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer by the lateral condensation technique. In group I the post space was made immediately at the time of obturation. In group II the post space was made 8 days after the root filling. ProTaper Universal retreatment files were used for post space preparation. In groups I and II the teeth were covered with fingernail polish except for the last 2mm. In group III the teeth were not obturated (positive control). In group IV the teeth were covered all over the root surface with fingernail polish (negative control). The methylene-blue dye method was used to measure the apical leakage. ResultsTeeth whose post space preparation was made immediately had a mean distance of 1,23mm of apical leakage (group I), whereas teeth that had been prepared 8 days after had a mean distance of 2,36mm of apical leakage (group II), being the differences statistically significant (p<0,05). ConclusionsThe timing for post space preparation may conditionate the apical leakage.

Long‐term sealing ability of resin‐based root canal fillings

To evaluate the ability of two resin-based filling materials to provide immediate and long-term sealing of the root canal. A total of eighty-two human roots were instrumented and filled with AH Plus/gutta-percha or Epiphany/Resilon. Root filled teeth were sealed coronally either with Coltosol or Clearfil SE Bond/Filtek Z250 or were left unsealed. The quality of root canal sealing was assessed by a fluid filtration method performed at immediate and 180-day time intervals. Mean fluid filtration rates were analyzed by three-way repeated measures anova and Tukey post hoc test. Specimens filled with Epiphany/Resilon exhibited higher leakage than specimens filled with AH Plus/gutta-percha (P < 0.05), regardless of the coronal sealing condition and period of evaluation. No difference was detected between coronal restorative materials (P > 0.05), whilst leakage in teeth without any coronal restoration was significantly higher (P < 0.05). After storage, a significant decrease in leakage (P < 0.05) was observed in all experimental groups. AH Plus/gutta-percha provided superior root canal sealing at both immediate and 180-day time periods. The presence of a coronal seal reduced leakage significantly. Storage of root filled specimens did not disturb the sealing ability of the tested materials.

Fluid Flow Evaluation of Fuji Triage and Gray and White ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Intraorifice Barriers

The purpose of this study was to compare coronal leakage in teeth with 2-mm intraorifice barriers of Fuji Triage glass ionomer, gray mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and white MTA using a fluid flow model. Forty anterior teeth were decoronated, instrumented, and obturated. Teeth were divided into positive and negative controls and 3 experimental groups receiving 2-mm barriers of Fuji Triage glass ionomer, gray MTA, or white MTA. Fluid movement was tested 3 times for each tooth, and means were calculated. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls (α = .05). Fluid movement means and standard deviations were as follows: Fuji Triage, 0.47 ± 0.45 mm; gray MTA, 0.49 ± 0.44 mm; white MTA, 0.52 ± 0.23 mm; and positive controls, 3.57 ± 1.13 mm. No significant differences were found among the experimental groups. However, positive controls leaked significantly more than all experimental groups at P <.001.

Microleakage of Resected MTA

Forty-six single rooted extracted human teeth were used in this study. After cleaning and shaping, twenty canals were randomly selected for obturation with MTA placed in an orthograde manor (Group 1). Another twenty roots were obturated with gutta-percha and Kerr EWT sealer, using warm vertical compaction (Group 2). The apical 3 mm of each root in both groups were resected at approximately 45 degrees to its long axis. The teeth were aged for 48 h in a humidor. The root-ends of the teeth in Group 2 were then prepared and received MTA as a root-end filling material to a depth of 3 mm. Six roots were used as positive and negative controls. The roots of all teeth were placed in contact with India ink for 48 h. The roots were split and examined for dye leakage. There was no discernible leakage in teeth with resected MTA or those with MTA placed as a retrograde root-end filling material. We found no significant difference in dye leakage between resected MTA (Group 1) and non-resected MTA (Group 2). Based on these results it appears that the resection of set MTA does not affect its sealing ability.

Microbial Leakage Evaluation of the Continuous Wave of Condensation

Coronal leakage has been recognized as a cause of pulpal and periradicular disease. Although cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is considered paramount, obturation of the system is an important step in endodontic success. The purpose of this study was to evaluate coronal bacterial leakage in teeth obturated with the System B continuous wave of condensation technique, followed by an Obtura II backfill, versus teeth obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Sixty single-rooted bilaterally matched teeth were evaluated in this study. An anaerobic bacterial leakage model was used. Results indicate that microbial coronal leakage occurs more quickly using lateral condensation than with the System B continuous wave of condensation and Obtura II backfill. This difference was statistically significant (p < or = 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference between groups 1 and 2 in the numbers of teeth that demonstrated bacterial leakage at the end of the study.

Apical leakage following root canal dressing with calcium hydroxide.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the apical leakage in teeth filled by the lateral condensation technique following medication with calcium hydroxide. One hundred and twenty extracted human teeth were biomechanically prepared by using exclusively reaming motion with files up to #40. Half of the teeth received a calcium hydroxide dressing for 3 days. The medication was removed by irrigation and reaming motion with files #40 up to #70. The teeth were divided in 6 experimental groups, according to the dimension of the utilized instrument. The root canals were filled and posteriorly the teeth were placed into a 2% methylene blue dye solution inside a flask, which was attached to a vacuum pump. Leakage was measured linearly, and the results showed significantly (p<0.01) less leakage in the experimental groups that received calcium hydroxide dressings than in the control groups. The results persisted even after the removal of 300 micrometers of dentin from the root canal dentinal walls.

Poster Clinic #9 — A comparison of coronal leakage of teeth filled with Thermafil and lateral condensation techniques

Poster Clinic #9 — A comparison of coronal leakage of teeth filled with Thermafil and lateral condensation techniques

Comparison of apical leakage in teeth obturated with a polyamide varnish or zinc oxide and eugenol cement using lateral condensation

The sealing ability of copal varnish has been investigated when used as an adjunct in restorative procedures, retrofilling procedures, and dontic obturation procedures. Barrier, a polyamide-type polymer cavity varnish, has been compared with copal varnishes in restorative dentistry. This investigation compared the apical sealing properties of a zinc oxide and eugenol sealer (Roth) with a polyamide varnish (Barrier). Twenty-four teeth were instrumented and divided into two groups, one obturated with gutta-percha and Roth sealer and one with gutta-percha and Barrier, using submersion in methylene blue dye to demonstrate apical leakage. Roth sealer exhibited less dye penetration than Barrier when used as an endodontic sealant (p < 0.02).

The effect of post space preparation on the apical seal of root fillings using chemically adhesive materials

The effect on the apical seal of root filling teeth with two sealer cements that reacted chemically with tooth structure was studied in vitro. In addition, apical leakage of teeth obturated with these materials and subsequently prepared to accept a post was tested. Ninety single-rooted teeth with mature apices were prepared chemomechanically by the stepback technique using files and copious irrigation with 2.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were then randomly allocated to six groups of 15 teeth each. Two groups were root filled by lateral condensation of gutta-percha and one of three sealer cements: Tubliseal, a radiopaque glass ionomer luting cement, Ketac Cem, and a chemically active composite resin, Panavia Ex. Thirty minutes later, in one group for each material, a post space was prepared leaving 4-5 mm of root filling at the apex. The extent of apical leakage in each group was determined after immersion in Indian ink for 14 days. The teeth were demineralized, dehydrated and immersed in methyl salicylate, which rendered them transparent, and a linear measurement of dye penetration was recorded. No statistically significant difference in the extent of leakage was found between the sealers in those groups which were filled by lateral condensation and left intact. However, the degree of leakage increased after post space preparation with the glass ionomer and Tubliseal groups, but was reduced in the Panavia Ex group.

Post preparation techniques and their effect on the apical seal

It is accepted clinical procedure to extend post preparations to such a depth that 3 mm to 5 mm of gutta-percha remains at the apex of the tooth. Clinicians use numerous techniques to achieve this goal. This investigation quantitatively analyzed the effect of the method of gutta-percha removal on the apical seal and evaluated apical leakage in teeth with different levels of remaining gutta-percha. The methods evaluated included the GPX instrument, heated pluggers, and Gates-Glidden drills. Groups of 25 extracted teeth were prepared with each of the three methods leaving 3 mm or 5 mm of gutta-percha remaining apically. Spectrophotometry (optical density) was used to assess apical leakage. Significantly less leakage was observed with the heated plugger technique at the 3 mm and 5 mm levels when compared to the 3 mm and 5 mm levels in both the GPX and Gates-Glidden groups.

Comparison of apical leakage in teeth obturated with a calcium phosphate cement or Grossman's cement using lateral condensation

This study compares the sealing ability of a hydroxyapatite-forming calcium phosphate cement to that of Grossman's cement. Twenty-two single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented. Two teeth were used as controls. Ten teeth were filled using Grossman's cement, gutta-percha, and lateral condensation. Spreader penetration with the master cone in place was recorded. Student's t test showed statistically significant differences in apical leakage between the two groups of teeth. The calcium phosphate cement did not provide as adequate an apical seal as did the Grossman's cement sealer with the experimental conditions used.

Linear and volumetric analysis of apical leakage in teeth prepared for posts

The effect of post preparation on the apical seal of endodontically treated teeth was studied. The canals of extracted human teeth were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha using the lateral condensation technique. Post spaces were prepared immediately or 48 h after obturation by removing the gutta-percha with either heated endodontic pluggers, chloroform and files, or Peeso reamers. Linear and volumetric measurements of resultant apical dye leakage revealed that no significant differences existed between the gutta-percha removal techniques at either of the two time intervals studied.

An evaluation of the marginal seal of amalgam using S.I.A.

The Selective Interfacial Amalgamation (S.I.A.) amalgam linear system was evaluated for its ability to reduce marginal leakage in freshly placed amalgam restorations. Leakage was evaluated in extracted and restored human molars which had been submerged in methylene blue dye for seven days at 37 C. The results shows a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.01) in the leakage of teeth restored using the S.I.A. liner and amalgam as compared to Copalite and amalgam restorations with the S.I.A. restoration proving to be superior.