Leaflet Width Research Articles

English

Leaf area estimation models based on linear leaf dimensions are an important method because their application is not destructive to the leaves. For these models to be reliable, it is important that the estimation of model parameters is accurate, and for that to occur, the models must be generated using an adequate sample size (number of leaves). The objective of this study was to determine the number of leaves necessary to accurately model the leaf area of jack beans (Y), determined by digital photos, according to the width of the central leaflet (x), by a power model (Y = ax b ) generated through an iterative process. Accordingly, an experiment was performed in a 256 m 2 area. A total of 745 leaves were randomly collected at six different crop development stages (29, 43, 57, 73, 87 and 101 days after emergence). Each leaf was comprised of a left, central and right leaflet. The width of the central leaflet (x) was measured on the 745 leaves. Leaf area (sum of the area of the left, central and right leaflets; Y) was then determined using a digital photo method. The number of leaves necessary for the estimation of the parameters a and b and the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of the power model were determined through resampling with replacement. The power model (Ŷ = 4.2049x 1.8215 , R 2 = 0.9701), based on the width of the central leaflet was determined to be adequate for estimating jack bean leaf area. Data collected from a sample of 200 leaves were determined to be sufficient for constructing an accurate power model for the leaf area of jack beans (Y) as a function of the width of the central leaflet (x), based on determinations of leaf area using digital photos.

Diversidade genética em acessos de Stylosanthes capitata

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and the relative importance of morphological traits for the study of genetic diversity among Stylosanthes capitata genotypes. Ten open-pollinated families (297-2, 49-5, 1064-4, 49-4, 1095-5, 141-6, 1064-6, 297-6, 625-3, and 111-3), previously selected by the Embrapa Gado de Corte improvement program, and the Campo Grande cultivar as control were evaluated. A completely randomized design consisting of four repetitions was used. The following morphological traits were studied: type of growth, length, width and length-to-width ratio of the central and lateral leaflets, plant height, stem length, and number of secondary ramifications. Mahalanobis generalized distance was calculated using the phenotypic means for each trait and the matrix of residual variances and covariances. Once the dissimilarity matrix was obtained, the families and Campo Grande cultivar were grouped using Ward’s method. Canonical variables were also analyzed using the phenotypic mean of the traits studied and the matrix of residual variances and covariances. Cluster analysis by Ward’s method permitted to divide the 11 genotypes into five groups. Canonical analysis was efficient since it permitted to summarize the total variation observed in the nine morphological traits into only three canonical variables, which accounted for 81.65% of the total variation in the data. The importance of the traits for clustering was also analyzed. Central leaflet width, length-to-width ratio of the central and lateral leaflets, lateral leaflet width and secondary ramifications were the most important traits for the evaluation of genetic diversity among Stylosanthes capitata genotypes.

Estimação da área foliar de feijão guandu por dimensões foliares

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar e identificar os melhores modelos para a estimação da área foliar de feijão guandu, determinada por fotos digitais em função do comprimento, ou da largura e/ou do produto comprimento vezes largura do limbo do folíolo central da folha. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a cultura de feijão guandu. No primeiro experimento, foram realizadas coletas de 200 folhas aos 45, 52, 59, 65, 72, 79, 86, 94, 100, 106 e 114 dias após a emergência (DAE), totalizando 2.200 folhas. No segundo experimento, foi realizada uma coleta de 220 folhas aos 69 DAE. Nessas 2.420 folhas, foram mensurados o comprimento (CFC) e a largura (LFC) e calculado o produto do comprimento vezes a largura (CFC×LFC) do limbo do folíolo central. A seguir, determinou-se a área foliar de cada folha (soma da área foliar dos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito), por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y). Posteriormente, foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 90% das folhas do primeiro experimento (1.980 folhas), para a geração de modelos do tipo quadrático, potência e linear, de Y em função do CFC, da LFC, e/ou do CFC×LFC. Os 10% das folhas restantes do primeiro experimento (220 folhas) e as 220 folhas coletadas no segundo experimento foram usadas, separadamente, para a validação dos modelos. Em feijão guandu, os modelos do tipo quadrático (Ŷ=0,4295+1,5895x+0,0011x2, R2=0,9710), potência (Ŷ=1,6591x0,9983, R2=0,9769) e linear (Ŷ=-1,3555+1,6858x, R2=0,9708), de Y em função do CFC×LFC, são adequados para a estimação da área foliar e o linear, pode, preferencialmente, ser utilizado.

In vitro study of coronary flow occlusion in transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been developed recently for patients with high morbidities and who are believed to be not tolerate standard surgical aortic valve replacement. Nevertheless, the TAVI is associated with complications such as potential obstruction of coronary ostia, mitral valve insufficiency, and stent migration although it seems promising. Impairment of the coronary blood flow after TAVI is catastrophic and it was believed to be associated with the close position of the coronary orifice and the aortic leaflets and valve stent. However, few data was available as to the anatomic relationship between valve stent and aortic root anatomic structures including the coronary arterial ostia, aortic leaflets. The aortic roots were observed in 40 hearts specimens. The width of aortic leaflet, height of aortic sinus annulus to the sinutubular junction (STJ), distance between aortic sinus annulus to its corresponding coronary ostia, and coronary arterial ostia to its corresponding STJ level were measured. Moreover, the relationships of valve stent, aortic leaflets and coronary ostia before/post stent implantation and after the open of aorta were evaluated respectively. Approximate three quarters of the coronary ostia were located below the STJ level. The mean distances from left, right and posterior aortic sinus annulus to the related STJ level was comparable, which was 18.5±2.7, 18.9±2.6, 18.7±2.6 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, the height of left and right aortic sinus annulus to its corresponding coronary ostia was 16.6±2.8 and 17.2±3.1 mm for left and right side respectively. Most of the coronary ostia were located below the STJ level and could be covered by the leaflets. This highlights the need of modified stents to prevent occlusion of coronary flow after TAVI.

The study of similarities among Czech alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties

Within the period of 2010–2011, a set of 14 Czech alfalfa cultivars was evaluated in the research locality Troubsko. On small plots and also in the individual plantations altogether 51 descriptors were evaluated. Statistical differences existing among cultivars in individual trait sunder study were analysed using the method of point and interval estimations of average values. Intraspecific variability was studied on the base of estimation of variation coefficients. A high degree of intraspecific uniformity was found in cultivars ‘Jarka’ and ‘Holyna’ while the lowest one was registered in the cultivar ‘Litava’. Green matter yields ranged from 66.3 t.ha−1 (‘Jitka’) to 77.2 t.ha−1 (‘Holyna’), hay yields from 11.71 t.ha−1 (‘Jitka’) to 15.43 t.ha−1 (‘Jarka’), and yields of seed from 0.19 t.ha−1 (‘Jitka’) to 0.35 t.ha−1 (‘Kamila’). As far as the descriptor “Alfalfa tuft dry matter” was concerned, cultivars ‘Oslava’ and ‘Holyna’ were statistically highly significantly (P < 0.01) better than than cultivars ‘Jitka’ and ‘Vlasta’. As far as the descriptor “Width of the terminal leaflet” was concerned, the cultivar ‘Palava’ was statistically highly significantly better (P < 0.01) than cultivars ‘Vlasta’, ‘Litava’, and ‘Denisa’. The existence of similarity of cultivars under study was determined by means of cluster analysis. It was found out that the highest degree of similarity existed between cultivars ‘Morava’ and ‘Niva’.

Creating and Characterisation of New Red Clover Variety ‘Jancis’/ Sarkanâ Âboliòa Ðíirnes ‘Jancis’ Izveidoðana Un Tâs Raksturojums

Abstract The aim of this work was to develop a red clover variety adapted to agro-climatic conditions of Latvia, suitable for different requirements of forage producers, resistant to most widespread diseases and producing high seed yield annually. Medium late ripening diploid red clover variety ‘Jancis’ was created at the LLU Research Institute of Agriculture in long-term work carried out since 1985. After free pollination of best samples of red clover collections from the VIR (St. Petersburg), individual and family selection among hybrids were carried out for approximately 20 years. Finally, best breeding line Nr. 43047 was registered as a variety ‘Jancis’. The variety is characterised by good winter hardiness, high dry matter yield (10-12 t·ha-1) and good persistence in the sward - up to 3-4 years. The variety is characterised by a long stem (90-110 cm) with 8-9 internodes, dark green leaves with a distinctive brighter picture, medium length and width of medial leaflet, and bright pink flower heads. ‘Jancis’ has stable annual seed yield in the conditions of Latvia; under favourable conditions reaching 500- 600 kg·ha-1 seeds. Since 2010, the variety ‘Jancis’ has been included in the common Latvian and EU Plant Variety Catalogue.

Comparison between diploid and tetraploid citrus rootstocks: morphological characterization and growth evaluation

Tetraploid citrus rootstocks may present different morphological characteristics and growth when compared to diploid ones. This worked aimed at comparing morphological characteristics and height growth of diploid and tetraploid plants from the rootstocks 'Swingle' citrumelo [C. paradise Macf. x Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf], citrange 'Troyer' (C. sinensis (L.) Osb. x P. trifoliata) and citranges 'Fepagro C 13' and 'Fepagro C 37' [C. sinensis cv. Pêra x P. trifoliata] during twelve months. Diploid (2n=18) and tetraploid (2n=36) plants originated from the same seed were identified, cultivated and evaluated every 45 days regarding color, height, petiole length, leaf length and central leaflet width. Significant differences were observed for the evaluated characteristics: the average of petiole length was 1.78 cm in the diploid and 0.99 cm in the tetraploid plants; the average of leaf length was 2.32 cm in the diploid and 2.95 cm in the tetraploid plants; the average of central leaflet width was 1.33 cm in the diploid and 1.69 cm in the tetraploid plants. Moreover, tetraploid plants had darker and thicker leaves than the diploid ones. Variation regarding height was observed and the diploid plants presented higher growth than the tetraploid ones. As tetraploid plants are smaller, have a slow height growth and wider and longer leaves.

Somatic embryogenesis, tetraploidy, and variant leaf morphology in transgenic diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca subspecies vesca 'Hawaii 4').

BackgroundThe diploid (2n = 2x = 14) strawberry model plant Fragaria vesca ssp. vesca ‘Hawaii 4’ was employed for functional analysis of expressed DNA sequences initially identified as being unique to Fragaria and of unknown or poorly understood function. ‘Hawaii 4’ is prominent in strawberry research due to its ease of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regenerability, and its status as the source of the first complete strawberry genomic sequence. Our studies of a set of transformants have documented intriguing, construct-associated effects on leaf morphology, and provide important and unexpected insights into the performance of the ‘Hawaii 4’ transformation and regeneration system.ResultsFollowing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaf explants with gene constructs carried by Gateway® vectors, plants were regenerated using a modified version of an established ‘Hawaii 4’ protocol. Expanding upon the findings of prior studies, we documented that plantlet regeneration was occurring via a somatic embryogenic rather than an organogenic developmental pathway. Among transformants, several variations in leaf morphology were observed. Unexpectedly, a particular leaf variant type, occurring in ~17% of all regenerants independent of construct type, was found to be attributable to tetraploidy. The tetraploidy-associated alteration in leaf morphology could be differentiated from the leaf morphology of diploid regenerants on the basis of a quantitative ratio of leaf dimensions: B/A, where B is the width of the central leaflet and A is the overall width of the trifoliate leaf. Variant effects on leaf morphology of four different transgenic constructs were also documented, and were in all cases distinguishable from the effects of tetraploidy.ConclusionsThese results define opportunities to optimize the existing ‘Hawaii 4’ protocol by focusing on treatments that specifically promote somatic embryogenesis. The reported morphological metric and descriptions will guide future transgenic studies using the ‘Hawaii 4’ model system by alerting researchers to the potential occurrence of polyploid regenerants, and to differentiating the effects on leaf morphology due to polyploidy versus transgenic manipulations. Finally, an intriguing spectrum of leaf morphology alterations resulting from manipulation of expressed sequences of uncertain function is documented, providing a foundation for detailed studies of the respective genes and their functional roles.

Genotype by Trait Relations between Yield and some Morphological Traits of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Hybrid Varieties Based on GT Biplot

The objective of this study was to evaluate the coconut hybrid varieties based on Genotype by Traits (GT) biplot to examine its usefulness in visualizing coconut trait relationship and its application in genotypes comparison. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two replications; each block consisted of 5 plots with a total of eight palms per plot while the remaining palms were used as guard rows. This experiment was conducted at the Main Research Station of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The materials for the present study consisted of 5 hybrid varieties of Coconut palm. Data on individual palms were recorded on seven quantitative traits: thickness of petiole (TP), number of fronds (NFD), number of leaflets (NL), number of fruits per palm (NF), number of bunches per palm (NB), width of leaflet (WL) and circumference of the stem 20 cm from the soil level (CF).The GT biplot analysis revealed close associations among the studied traits. The two Original Research Article Odewale et al.; IJPSS, Article no. IJPSS.2014.005 271 axes explained 90.4% of the total variation among the cultivars due to the various traits measured thus reflecting the accuracy of inter-relationships among the measured characters. Correlation coefficient between the studied traits showed that there is a strong positive relationship between number of fruit and number of bunches. These two traits were however negatively correlated with other traits except number of fronds. Based on the Auto Find QTL function of GGE biplot, bunch yield and width of leaflets were identified as traits suiTable for indirect selection for nut yield improvement. H4 was identified as an ideal genotype as it combines several good traits in its genetic composition and thus could serve as a good genetic raw material from which better cultivars, synthetic varieties and pure lines can be developed. H1 was the best in terms of nut and bunch yields, indicating that it can be used as parents in the development of hybrid varieties and populations that are outstanding in these traits.

Influence of Potting Media on Growth of Asparagus densiflorus 'Meyersii'

A study was conducted on the influence of growth media on development of Asparagus densiflorus 'Meyersii' at Horticultural Research Station, Yercaud during the years 2011-12. The pot experiment was laid out under open condition, with nine set of treatments comprising various combinations of soil, sand, FYM, vermicompost and microbial consortia (Azospirillum, phosphobacteria and Pseudomonas fluorescens). From among the media combinations used, the treatment involving Soil + Sand + FYM + Vermicompost (T3) @ 2:1:1:0.5 (670g+375g+375g+165g) was found to be the best substrate for vegetative and root characters like plant height, shoot number, leaflet number, leaflet length, leaflet width, root number, root length, bulb number, bulb length, bulb width and vase-life in Asparagus densiflorus 'Meyersii'.

Variation in yield, forage quality and morphological traits of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations and cultivars

The main objectives of this study were 1) to estimate variation in yield, forage quality and morphological traits of newly developed red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations of different origin, 2) to compare their yield potential with foreign cultivars, 3) to determine the relationship between studied traits and 4) to identify and select the most promising populations for future breeding work. Eight red clover breeding populations of different origin (OPCD-2, RCOP-1,3,4,5,6,7,8 created within the framework of the forage crops breeding program at the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia) and eight foreign cultivars (‘Liepsna’, ‘Kamaniai’, ‘Nosovskij 5’, ‘Pallas’, ‘Astred’, ‘Redquin’, ‘Milvus’, ‘Amos’) were evaluated for thirteen morpho-agronomic and forage quality traits. Field experiment was designed as a randomised complete block with three replications over two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) at the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia. The studied breeding populations/cultivars of red clover significantly varied in yields of green mass and dry matter, plant height, number of internodes, density of hairs, width and length of central leaflet, shape of medial leaflet, leaf to stem ratio, content of crude protein and relative feed value. Croatian breeding populations RCOP-3, OPCD-2 and RCOP-1 had significantly higher total yields of green mass (from 98.50 to 111.82 t ha -1 ) and dry matter (from 22.61 to 25.64 t ha -1 ) compared to the observed yields of other populations and foreign cultivars of red clover, which indicates their high genetic potential for yield. Besides the high forage yield, those breeding populations achieved favourable values of quality and other analyzed morphological traits, and they are representing valuable germplasm for further selection work and improving of our breeding program and/or application for plant cultivar registration. Positive correlations were found between forage yields and plant height, number of internodes and between width and length of central leaflet, and these properties were positively correlated with each other. Most quality traits were in negative correlation with yield and other observed morpho-agronomic traits.

Morphological and molecular identification to secure cultivar maintenance and management of self-sterile Rubus arcticus

Preservation of cultivar purity creates a particular challenge for plants that are self-incompatible, require insects for cross-pollination, and have easily germinating seeds and vigorously spreading rhizomes. As the fields must be planted with mixed populations, and a balance must be maintained between the cultivars to achieve effective pollination, methods for field monitoring of the relative density of different cultivars must be practical. Furthermore, a DNA-based method is needed for cultivar verification in the collections and outside of the growing season. The aim of this study was to develop both types of methods for Rubus arcticus (arctic bramble). Morphological parameters were measured from six cultivars grown on three farms. Observations from the flowers and fruits included: petal and sepal number, flower diameter, arrangement of petals, size of calyx in relation to corolla, fruit weight, yield and soluble sugars. Observations from the leaves included: width and height of middle leaflet, shape of the base of terminal leaflet, shape of terminal leaflet, leaf margin serration and fingertip touch. The applicability of simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite DNA markers developed for red raspberry was tested on eight arctic bramble cultivars. Morphological and molecular identification methods were developed for R. arcticus. The best morphological characteristics were the length-to-width ratio of the middle leaflet and leaf margin serration. A particular characteristic, fingertip touch, was shown by electron microscopy to be related to the density and quality of the leaf hairs. Red raspberry SSR marker no. 126 proved to be applicable for differentiation of the eight arctic bramble cultivars tested. These identification methods are critical to secure the maintenance and management of R. arcticus. However, the challenges faced and approaches taken are equally applicable to other species with similar biology.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Morpho-Agronomic Characteristics of Groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)

Induced mutation in plant improvement has been used in several crops to generate new sources of genetic variations. A study was conducted to determine the effect of different doses of gamma irradiation on different morpho-agronomic characteristics. Agronomic traits that were analyzed included: grain yield, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant and weight of 100 seeds and numbers of days to 50% flowering. Morphometric characterisation of the descriptive data included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves/plant, leaflet length, leaflet width and number of ramification/ plant. Groundnut seeds were treated with various doses of gamma rays (100, 200, 400 and 600 Gy). Among the various dose treatments, gamma rays treatment at 100 Gy resulted in a higher increase of grain yield and other morpho-agronomic parameters especially for the JL24 variety. In fact the gamma irradiation at 100 Gy increased significantly grain yield by 14% for JL24, and 4 % for JL12. The number of pods per plant was increased by 2% for JL12 and 37% for JL24. For the number of seeds per plant, there was a significant increase of 8% for JL12, and 62% for JL24 at 100 Gy. A similar trend was observed for the JL24 at 200 Gy dose. Higher doses of gamma rays (400 and 600 Gy) reduced significantly plant growth and grain yield. The usefulness of the mutants identified in a groundnut breeding program is discussed.

Some chemical and morphological properties of five clover species (Trifolium sp.) at different aspect of pasture in Belovets village (Razgrad), Bulgaria

The aim of investigation was to determine the effects of aspect (north and south) on some morphological [plant height (cm), number of stems per plant, main stem diameter (mm), number of leaves per main stem, petiole length (cm), leaflet length (cm), leaflet width (cm), leaf: stem ratio] and chemical [crude protein (%), crude cellulose (%), calcium (%), phosphorus (%), potassium (%) and magnesium (%) ratios] properties of five clover species [hare’s-food clover (Trifolium arvense L.), field clover (T. campestre Schreb.), suckling clover (T. dubium Sibth.), alsike clover (T. hybridum L.) and zigzag clover (T. medium L.)] in pasture vegetation. The plant height, main stem diameter, number of leaves per main stem, petiole length, leaflet length, leaflet width, leaf: stem, crude protein, crude cellulose, calcium and potassium ratios were affected by aspect. The maximum plant height (65.53 cm), leaf: stem ratio (1.17) and crude protein ratio (20.00%) were found in zigzag clover on north-facing of pasture. The highest magnesium ratio (0.41%) and lowest number of stems per plant (4.85) were determined from the zigzag clover. The hare’s-food clover showed lower values (P<0.01) than the other clovers for phosphorus content (0.275%). The main stem diameter ranged from 3.53 to 5.27 mm. The north-facing of pasture had highest number of leaves per main stem (17.07) and petiole length (1.83 cm). The maximum leaflet length (3.50 cm) and width (2.55 cm) were measured for alsike clover on north-facing of pasture. The highest crude cellulose (28.23%) and calcium (3.13%) ratios were determined in hare’s-food clover on south-facing of pasture, whereas the lowest potassium ratio (2.37-2.39) was found in same clover species on each aspect of pasture.

Microsatellites based marker molecular analysis of Ghanaian bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) landraces alongside morphological characterization

Bambara groundnut an indigenous crop of African origin is drought tolerant and the third most important leguminous crop in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to assess the level of genetic diversity within a small collection of Ghanaian landraces, molecular analysis was performed using microsatellite markers alongside characterization of morphological features. Genetic distance based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient from the SSR marker analysis ranged from 0.48 to 0.9 among the landraces. 80 individual genotypes were clustered into 17 units with substantial levels of inter- and intra-landrace polymorphism. The analyses of variance from the morphological characterization for all quantitative traits were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except for terminal leaflet width. The first 4 principal components accounted for 41.97, 20.15, 13.39 and 9.81 % respectively of the morphological variations among the landraces. Qualitative traits however accounted for less of these variations. The results of the present study support the availability of high level of polymorphism within the collection of bambara groundnut analysed. This report is useful to crop improvement and germplasm conservation of bambara groundnut in Ghana.

A preliminary study of leaf morphology and flow cytometry in the Vatica diospyroides Symington, endangered medicinal plant of Peninsular Thailand

In modern drug discovery program, Vatica diospyroides Symington consisted of chemical constituents that were found as anticancer in human. V. diospyroides was described as endangered species, and its tree is puzzled by means of leaf forms. Investigating the unique features was very important to support the program. To classify these features, leaf traits and C-DNA values were investigated. Leaf characters of twenty-eight trees of V. diospyroides, including herbarium specimens, were recorded using leaf morphometric study and subsequent analysis by cluster. The results revealed that lamina length, leaflet length and leaflet width were found to be significantly different characters. After being analyzed by cluster, the specimens were evaluated into: 1) small size (SS) and 2) large size (LS) forms using three correlated variables namely lamina length, leaflet length/width and petiole length. The 2C-DNA contents were estimated by using flow cytometric study in each form of seedlings. The results showed that 2C-DNA contents of SS and LS seedlings were 1.83 ± 0.27 and 2.21 ± 0.31 pg; consequently, one haploid genomes (1C-value) were therefore 895 and 1080 Mbp, respectively. It is thus accepted that leaf morphometric and flow cytometric studies were able to distinct V. diospyroides into two specific individuals. It is important to carry out classifications using DNA markers and phytochemical properties in further experiment. Key words: 2C-DNA content, Chan Ka Pho, flow cytometry, genome size, leaf morphology,Vatica diospyroides.

Influence of media and growth regulators on regeneration and morphological characteristics of strawberry cvs Kurdistan and Merck

To evaluate the best media and growth regulator combinations for the regeneration and morphological characteristics of strawberry, meristems of Kurdistan and Merck strawberry cultivars were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962), Gamborg et al. (1968) and Nitsch and Nitsch (1969) media supplemented with various growth regulator combinations including B1: (BA 1.0 mg/l + IBA 0.05 mg/l + GA3 0.05 mg/l), B2: (Kinetin 5 mg/l + 2,4-D 0.5 mg/l + GA3 0.05 mg/l) and B3: (BA 2 mg/l + IBA 0.2 mg/l + GA3 0.05 mg/l). The largest number of shoots was obtained on NN medium supplemented with B1 followed by MS and B5 media with the same growth regulator combination. In the media, B2 increased shoot elongation rate in both cultivars, but caused a low frequency of shoot formation. There was significant difference among various media and growth regulator combinations in regards to morphological traits such as leaf length, width of terminal leaflets and number of terminal leaflets teeth, whereas little differences were observed in the length of terminal leaflets and the length of terminal leaflet petiolate. Key words: Strawberry, growth regulator, regeneration, cultivar.

Modelos para a estimação da área foliar de feijão de porco por dimensões foliares

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar a área foliar de feijão de porco determinada por fotos digitais em função do comprimento ou da largura e/ou do produto comprimento vezes largura do limbo do folíolo central da folha. Em seis períodos de desenvolvimento da cultura (29, 43, 57, 73, 87 e 101 dias após a emergência) foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, 745 folhas. Cada folha é composta pelos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito. Nas 745 folhas foi mensurado o comprimento (CFC) e a largura (LFC) e calculado o produto do comprimento pela largura (CFC×LFC) do limbo do folíolo central. A seguir, determinou-se a área foliar (soma da área dos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito) por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y). Do total de folhas, foram separadas, aleatoriamente, 605 folhas para a construção de modelos do tipo quadrático, potência e linear de Y em função do CFC, da LFC, e/ou do CFC×LFC e 140 folhas para a validação dos modelos. Em feijão de porco, o modelo tipo potência (Ŷ=3,7046x1,8747, R²=0,9757) da largura do limbo do folíolo central é adequado para estimar a área foliar obtida por fotos digitais.

Estimação da área foliar de mucuna cinza por meio de método não destrutivo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi modelar a área foliar de mucuna cinza determinada por fotos digitais em função das dimensões do limbo do folíolo central da folha. Foi conduzido um experimento de 256m² com a cultura de mucuna cinza em área experimental da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Em seis períodos de desenvolvimento da cultura (29, 43, 57, 73, 87 e 101 dias após a emergência), foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, o total de 790 folhas. Cada folha é composta pelos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito. Nessas 790 folhas, foi mensurado o comprimento (CFC) e a largura (LFC) e calculado o produto do comprimento vezes a largura (CFC×LFC) do limbo do folíolo central. A seguir, determinou-se a área foliar (soma da área foliar dos folíolos esquerdo, central e direito) por meio do método de fotos digitais (Y). Posteriormente, separou-se, aleatoriamente, 650 folhas para a construção de modelos do tipo quadrático, potência e linear, de Y em função do CFC, da LFC, e/ou do CFC×LFC, e 140 folhas para a validação dos modelos. Em mucuna cinza, o modelo potência (Ŷ=3,6450x1,9479, R²=0,9886) com base na largura do limbo do folíolo central é adequado para estimar a área foliar obtida por fotos digitais.

&lt;p class="HeadingRunIn"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A new combination in &lt;em&gt;Entada &lt;/em&gt;(Leguminosae) from Roraima, Brazil&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Entada simplicata, formerly recognized as a variety of E. polystachya, is reinterpreted as a distinct legume species, based on consistent differences regarding their leaves (number of pairs and width of leaflets), and fruits (mesocarp presence, stipe and funiculus length). Illustrations and a distribution map are provided for E. simplicata, which is endemic to Roraima State, northern Amazonia, Brazil.