Phylloscopus Research Articles

Should congruence between intra– and interspecific ecomorphological relationships be expected? A case study with the great tit,Parus major

Restricted accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Moreno Eulalia, Barbosa Andrés and Carrascal Luis M. 1997Should congruence between intra– and interspecific ecomorphological relationships be expected? A case study with the great tit, Parus majorProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.264533–539http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0076SectionRestricted accessShould congruence between intra– and interspecific ecomorphological relationships be expected? A case study with the great tit, Parus major Eulalia Moreno* Eulalia Moreno Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept Ecología Evolutiva, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E–28006 Madrid, Spain Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Andrés Barbosa Andrés Barbosa Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept Ecología Evolutiva, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E–28006 Madrid, Spain Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Luis M. Carrascal Luis M. Carrascal Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept Ecología Evolutiva, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E–28006 Madrid, Spain Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Eulalia Moreno* Eulalia Moreno Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept Ecología Evolutiva, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E–28006 Madrid, Spain Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author , Andrés Barbosa Andrés Barbosa Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept Ecología Evolutiva, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E–28006 Madrid, Spain Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author and Luis M. Carrascal Luis M. Carrascal Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Dept Ecología Evolutiva, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E–28006 Madrid, Spain Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:22 April 1997https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0076AbstractWe studied the relationship between leg morphology and posture while feeding in a population of great tits (Parus major) under controlled conditions to investigate to what extent morphology and ecology are linked at the individual level. From predictions generated at the interspecific level within the genus Parus (Moreno and Carrascal 1993), we tested whether intra– and interspecific ecomorphological relationships are consistent. Within our population, neither leg bone lengths nor leg muscle morphology were related to the feeding posture of individuals. However, differences in body weight were correlated with inter–individual differences in time spent hanging. These results demonstrate that the association between intra– and interspecific ecomorphological relationships is not uniform. We argue that, at the intraspecific level, body weight overrides the significance of other traits that have a functional meaning at the interspecific level (i.e. leg segment lengths, muscular morphology), due to isometric variation of morphological traits (muscular and skeletal) with body mass. Thus, the discrepancy between the ecomorphological associations at intra– and interspecific levels is the result of a problem of scale (morphological changes in evolutionary time and isometric variation of morphological traits with body mass in ecological time). Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Wollenberg K, Wang I, Glor R and Losos J (2013) DETERMINISM IN THE DIVERSIFICATION OF HISPANIOLAN TRUNK-GROUND ANOLES ( ANOLIS CYBOTES SPECIES COMPLEX) , Evolution, 10.1111/evo.12184, 67:11, (3175-3190), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2013. Ghosh M, Singh P and Mohan D (2011) Seasonal variation in foraging ecology of three species of overwintering Leaf Warblers (genus Phylloscopus) in the Himalayan foothills, Journal of Ornithology, 10.1007/s10336-011-0670-9, 152:4, (869-877), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2011. CALSBEEK R (2009) Experimental evidence that competition and habitat use shape the individual fitness surface, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01625.x, 22:1, (97-108), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2009. Mills A (2007) Foraging segregation in a breeding bird guild declines following nesting, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 10.1139/z06-194, 85:1, (141-150), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2007. Calsbeek R and Smith T (2007) PROBING THE ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE USING EXPERIMENTAL ISLANDS: DENSITY-DEPENDENT NATURAL SELECTION ON LIZARD BODY SIZE, Evolution, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00093.x, 61:5, (1052-1061), Online publication date: 1-May-2007. CALSBEEK R, SMITH T and BARDELEBEN C (2007) Intraspecific variation in Anolis sagrei mirrors the adaptive radiation of Greater Antillean anoles, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00700.x, 90:2, (189-199) Barluenga M, Barbosa A and Moreno E (2003) Effect of Daily Body Mass Variation on the Foraging Behaviour of Tit Species ( Parus spp.) , Ethology, 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00949.x, 109:12, (971-979), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2003. Barluenga M, Moreno E and Barbosa A (2001) Foraging Behaviour of Subordinate Great Tits (Parus major). Can Morphology Reduce the Cost of Subordination?, Ethology, 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00710.x, 107:10, (877-888), Online publication date: 20-Oct-2001. BARBOSA A, BARLUENGA M and MORENO E (2008) Effects of body mass on the foraging behaviour of subordinate Coal Tits Parus ater, Ibis, 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2000.tb04439.x, 142:3, (428-434) Barbosa A (1997) Foraging strategy and predator avoidance behaviour: an intraspecific approach, Acta Oecologica, 10.1016/S1146-609X(97)80046-X, 18:6, (615-620), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1997. This Issue22 April 1997Volume 264Issue 1381 Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0076Published by:Royal SocietyPrint ISSN:0962-8452Online ISSN:1471-2954History: Published online22/04/1997Published in print22/04/1997 License: Citations and impact Large datasets are available through Proceedings B's partnership with Dryad

Evolution of Breeding Distributions in the Old World Leaf Warblers (Genus Phylloscopus)

Evolution of Breeding Distributions in the Old World Leaf Warblers (Genus Phylloscopus)

EVOLUTION OF BREEDING DISTRIBUTIONS IN THE OLD WORLD LEAF WARBLERS (GENUS PHYLLOSCOPUS).

Among Palearctic warblers of the genus Phylloscopus those species that breed farther north occupy larger geographical ranges than those which breed farther south (Rapoport's rule). We suggest that much of this pattern is a consequence of the differential ability of species to occupy areas rendered inhospitable during the Pleistocene. In support of this suggestion, the midpoint of breeding range in a north-south direction has been an exceptionally labile trait through evolutionary time. Comparisons of ecological attributes of those species breeding in the Himalayas with close relatives in Siberia implies a role for habitat tracking in determining which species have been able to colonize northern areas; hypotheses based on climate and climatic variability have less support. In addition there is a likely role for geographic barriers and/or biotic interactions in preventing some taxa from spreading from small southern ranges.

ECOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE OLD WORLD LEAF WARBLERS (GENUS PHYLLOSCOPUS): A PHYLOGENETIC PERSPECTIVE.

I investigated the historical basis for variation in regional species diversity. I used a molecular phylogenetic analysis within a single genus of birds (the Old World leaf warblers, genus Phylloscopus) in conjunction with ecological studies in Europe, the Himalayas, and Japan to evaluate the importance of historical events in shaping the present constellation of morphology and behavior in the three different regions. The relatively depauperate assemblages have different histories. In Japan, there was invasion of several lineages, which have more closely related species elsewhere in Asia, whereas in Europe there was also limited in situ speciation. Much of the structure of peripheral communities is attributable to invasions from species-rich Asia, with little in situ morphological diversification. Within the Phylloscopus there are several phylogenetic clades with nonoverlapping size distributions. Major ecological and morphological shifts occurred early in the history of diversification within the group, and rarely since.

Ecological Diversification and Community Structure in the Old World Leaf Warblers (Genus Phylloscopus): A Phylogenetic Perspective

Ecological Diversification and Community Structure in the Old World Leaf Warblers (Genus Phylloscopus): A Phylogenetic Perspective

Evolution of a colour pattern: history, development, and selection

AbstractPatterns of melanin pigmentation in birds are extremely varied. Nevertheless it is easy to think of many patterns that are never observed, and others that frequently recur in diverse and distantly related species. Using as our model the avian genus Phylloscopus we ask how the restricted range of observed patterns might be attributable to a restricted range of variants produced by developmental perturbations. The patterns we consider consist of unmelanized patches on the wings, crown and rump on otherwise pigmented upperparts. We use reaction‐diffusion models to show that gross features of the pattern can be simply predicted from considerations of embryo shape. We suggest that birds are expected to have more patterned heads, because the head region is relatively larger than other regions in the developing embryo. A comparative analysis across many species of birds and a phylogenetic analysis within the genus Phylloscopus show that the component elements of the pattern have repeatedly been lost and gained during evolution. A shift in a threshold reading could explain the appearance and disappearance of the unmelanized patches, perhaps through changes in the sensitivity of melanocytes to epidermal signals. Such threshold shifts would make the transition between patterned and unpatterned forms particularly easy once the patterns have been exposed to selection in some distant ancestor. This partitioning of the roles of selection and development implies that many features of the patterns reflect developmental mechanisms in both immediate and more distant ancestors.

Latitudinal Ranges of Teleost Fish in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans

Latitudinal Ranges of Teleost Fish in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans

A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from Sichuan Province, China

A new species of leaf warbler (Sylviidae: Phylloscopus) is described from the mountain Emei Shan, Sichuan Province, China. Morphologically it is extremely similar to, yet significantly different from, the sympatric Blyth's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus reguloides and White‐tailed Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus davisoni. Songs and calls are both very different from P. reguloides and P. davisoni, and playback tests confirmed the specific status of the new species.

Correlates of Wing Morphology with Foraging Behaviour and Migration Distance in the Genus Phylloscopus

Wing size and shape variation in thirteen species of Old World leaf warblers, genus Phylloscopus, were examined using wing formulae and principal components analysis. Data were taken from male individuals in breeding populations in Northern India and Japan. Species with longer wings migrate further and hover less than species with shorter wings. Species with more pointed wings migrate further and are more arboreal than species with rounder wings. Findings agree with those from previous studies on the genus Phylloscopus. Both foraging behaviour and migration distance have affected wing size and shape evolution in the genus.

Fashion and age in pheasants: age differences in mate choice

Commonly, younger males have less exaggerated secondary sexual characters than older males. In recent models of the evolution of ornamental traits through intersexual selection, it is often assumed that the ornaments confer a handicap to the bearers and thus reflect males9 phenotypic condition. Hence, if younger males have a lower cost in growing their less exaggerated ornaments because of delayed development, it could be expected that those traits should be less revealing of condition in younger individuals. Consequently, in species where the development of ornaments is age dependent, females should pay less attention to condition-dependent traits when choosing among younger as compared with older males. This study on ring-necked pheasants shows that males9 attraction of females, measured in the wild by radio-tracking, was less affected by spur length in 1-year-old males than in older males. In addition, analysis of fluctuating asymmetry suggests that the shorter spurs of 1-year-old pheasants were less revealing of male quality.

Dark habitats and bright birds illustrate the role of the environment in species divergence

ANIMALS exhibit a diversity of colour patterns that are commonly used in interspecific and intraspecific communication1–3. Factors influencing the evolution of signals used in communication include the properties of the physical environment in which the signal is generated2–10, the perceptual systems of individuals (such as potential mates or predators) receiving the signal2,3,11–16, and the nature of the information signalled. In warblers of the genus Phylloscopus, species differences in colour patterns are correlated with light intensity of the habitat: brighter species live in darker habitats. I report here two observations that colour patterns function to increase conspicuousness, and are used in intraspecific communication. First, individuals make themselves temporarily more conspicuous by flashing the bright colour patterns in display, and are less conspicuous when not displaying. Second, experimentally increasing conspicuousness of males within a given habitat increases territory size, whereas experimentally reducing conspicuousness results in either a smaller territory or its total loss. Traits used in intraspecific communication are often thought to diverge as a result of variation in perceptual systems2,3,13,15–17. This study shows that variation in the physical environment can cause species divergence, and this will occur whether perceptual systems are variable or relatively constant.

A new species of Phylloscopus warbler from central China

A new species of leaf warbler (Sylviidae: Phylloscopus) is described from the mountains of central China. Morphologically it is slightly, yet significantly, different from the partly sympatric P. (proregulus) chloronotus. However, both song and calls are very different, and playback tests elicited no response from either species to the other's song. There are also differences in habitat preference and breeding biology of the two species.

Correction: Evolution of ecological differences in the Old World leaf warblers

IN Fig. 2a of the above letter the second and third rows were inadvertently interchanged. In addition, the sequence at position 15176 (ref. 1.) for both Sylvia and P. coronatus should read 'A' and not F.

Environmental and genotype-by-environment influences on chick size in the Yellow-browed leaf warbler Phylloscopus inornatus.

I investigated genetic and environmental factors affecting fledgling chick size in the Yellow browed leaf warbler Phylloscopus inornatus. The proportion of variation among broods is >45% for both tarsus length and body weight; this can be attributed at least in part to effects of the shared nest environment. A high off-spring-parent regression for weight also appears to be partly due to an environmentally induced correlation and the regression is reduced when effects of laying date are controlled for. A cross-fostering experiment demonstrated a significant nest of origin x nest of rearing interaction. The presence of genotype-environment interaction affecting chick size may be quite general in birds. It is shown how this can account for observed patterns of the dependence of the magnitude of offspringparent regression on prevailing conditions, as has been found in other studies. In P. inornatus the failure to detect significant genetic variance in chick body weight and tarsus length may be due to high standard errors on the estimates, but it may also reflect true low levels of genetic variance in chick size if the genotype-interaction effect described occurs regularly in this species.

Removal Experiments in a Population of Willow Warblers Phylloscopus trochilus in Mountain Birch Forest, in Ammarnas, Swedish Lapland

Elimination, en 1977 et en 1978, respectivement de 3 et 4 P. t. territoriaux dans un terrain boise subalpin de Suede. Chaque annee, un nouveau mâle etablit un territoire dans la zone laissee vacante. Les mâles des environs elargissent leur territoire legerement mais pas assez pour combler toutes les zones libres. On conclut que le comportement territorial des mâles stationnaires empechent quelques mâles de la meme espece d'etablir leur territoire

Reduced Territorial Overlap between the Willow Warbler Phylloscopus Trochilus and the Brambling Fringilla Montifringilla in Health Birch Forest: Competition or Different Habitat Preferences?

La reduction de ce chevauchement pourrait s'expliquer en termes de preferences quant a l'habitat

ADAPTATION IN THE GENUS PHYLLOSCOPUS

SUMMARYThe paper describes variation among species of the genus Phylloscopus in weight, relative wing‐, tail‐, tarsus‐, and bill‐length, tail/wing ratio and degree of roundness of the wing, wing formula, emargination, and plumage colour. This variation is compared with differences in niche preference within the genus, and relationships between niche, feeding strategies, and morphology are suggested. It is concluded that evolution within the genus has taken place mainly through the development of different feeding strategies, to suit the structural properties of different niches, without altering the range of size of the prey. The genus Sylvia is treated briefly in order to provide comparison, and other genera of Sylviinae are discussed where parallel adaptation seems likely.

Identification for Ringers. 2. The Genus Phylloscopus

Identification for Ringers. 2. The Genus Phylloscopus

Birds and the Species Problem: A Systematic Review of the genus Phylloscopus (Willow-Warblers or Leaf-Warblers) . By Claud B. Ticehurst. British Museum (Natural History), 1935. Pp. 193. Two colored plates.

Birds and the Species Problem: <i>A Systematic Review of the genus Phylloscopus (Willow-Warblers or Leaf-Warblers)</i> . By Claud B. Ticehurst. British Museum (Natural History), 1935. Pp. 193. Two colored plates.

A few Observations on some. Species of Phylloscopus

A few Observations on some. Species of Phylloscopus