Abstract A large assemblage of stems, leaves and reproductive structures collected from a single horizon in the Lower Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) Price Formation of southwestern Virginia, USA is recognized as representing the components of a distinctive arborescent lycopsid. While similar forms previously were included in Lepidodendropsis Lutz, an eligulate lycopsid in which leaf scars are not apparent, these specimens document the presence of both well-defined leaf scars and ligules. Among larger specimens, leaf base patterns change along the length of a single stem, each morphology conforming to a different species of Lepidodendropsis . Because of the overlapping variability within specimens, we find that stems of different sizes and leaf base patterns are parts of the same plant. This plant was a tree with a trunk that probably attached to a cormose base previously recognized as Protostigmaria Jennings. The trunk extended 3–4 m before branching dichotomously to produce a crown of several orders of branches, with the distal-most ones still bearing long tapering leaves. Sporangia are borne in fertile zones; the plant is heterosporous. The presence of leaf scars and a ligule (features explicitly lacking in the generic diagnosis of Lepidodendropsis ) as well as other plant organs for this taxon precludes inclusion in Lepidodendropsis ; rather, this plant should be placed in a new genus. A better understanding of this plant, and other specimens attributed to Lepidodendropsis , may aid in elucidating transitions and phylogenetic relationships among Late Devonian–Late Carboniferous arborescent lycopsids.