Leaf Folder Research Articles

A novel insecticide seed treatment formulation (Chlorantraniliprole 625 g/L FS) for yellow stem borer and leaf folder management in rice

The potential yield loss of 15-25% rice production is noticed due to different pest infestation in South Asian countries. This is due to the favorable climatic conditions for pests. It compels farmers to use a major chunk of pesticides to prevent/recover from pest attack. Hence, the field experiments were carried out to test the insecticide, Chlorantraniliprole 625 g/L FS as seed treatment formulation. It is evident from the studies undertaken during rabi 2018-19 and kharif 2018, that Chlorantraniliprole provided excellent control over yellow stem borer and leaf folder in conventional variety of rice (CR Dhan 304) and hybrid rice (28P67). Among the different doses, Chlorantraniliprole @ 75.0 g a.i/ha recorded significantly better control registering least dead heart of 5.41, 4.77, 3.43, 2.98% and 2.47% at 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after transplanting, respectively. Similarly for Hybrid (28P67) trial the treatment recorded the least count of leaf folder with 0.57, 0.68, 0.74, 0.81 and 0.89 larvae/hill during the intervals of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days after transplanting, respectively and the highest yield (5.46 t/ha) was registered in treatment which was significantly superior over the other entire dose rates of Chlorantraniliprole and the market standard. Thus, from this study, Chlorantraniliprole @ 75 g a.i /ha can be recommended for controlling stem borer and leaf folder in paddy (both for conventional variety and hybrid).

Evaluation of Botanicals Insecticide against Stem Borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) and Green Leafhopper and in Rice

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Crop Research station, Masodha, Ayodhya, India to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide-botanicals against rice stem borer, green leafhopper and leaf folder. The experiment was comprising Four combination modules/treatments consisting of three insecticides Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, Cartap hydrochloride 50% SC and Triflumezopyrim 10% SC, one commercial neem formulation - Neemazal and two plant oils - Neem and Eucalyptus oil procured were compared along with untreated control (only water spray). The lowest stem borers incidence (1 %) of in all insecticides treatment module recorded as compared to 14.8% in untreated control. Among modules, all insecticides module was found to be the best with 1.0% mean white ear damage followed by neemazal, eucalyptus oil and cartap hydrochloride module with 5.3% WE. Green leafhopper infestation was all insecticides combination was the most effective treatment showing mean population of 110.7/10 hills followed by all botanical combination (120.7) and were superior to control (158.7/10 hills). The mean leaf Folder damage (1.8%) was recorded from all insecticides module followed by treatment with neemazl (? %), Eucalyptus oil (? %), and Triflumezopyrim 10% SC (3.9% DL) when compared to untreated control (14.5% )4. Grain yield all insecticides treatment - Chlorantraniliprole, Cartap hydrochloride, Triflumezopyrim recorded the highest grain yield of 5212.0 kg/ha with 95.79% increase over control (IOC) followed by neemazal, neem oil and cartap hydrochloride with 4500 kg/ha (69.04% IOC). All the treatments were significantly superior to control plot which showed a yield of 2662 kg/ha.

Persistence of Fipronil Residues in the Cabbage Field Soil under Semi-arid Region of Rajasthan

Fipronil is a phenyl pyrazole insecticide, which is used as broad spectrum insecticide to control pest such as diamondback moth, thrips, stem borers, leaf folder, termites, borers, jassids, and bollworms. A study was undertaken at Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur during Rabi, 2020 to find out the persistence of fipronil residues in the soil of cabbage field, when sprayed at its recommended dose (5% SC, 40 g. a. i. ha-1) and double of the recommended dose (5% SC, 80 g. a. i. ha-1). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up using a modified QuEChERS method and the residues were analyzed by Gas Chromatography. The residue level of fipronil in cabbage field soil collected at harvest time of cabbage crop were below the detectable level (BDL) at the recommended dose and double of the recommended dose, respectively.

Behavioral assays of cotton leaf folder, Sylepta derogata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on different host plants

Behavioral assays of cotton leaf folder, Sylepta derogata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on different host plants

Bio-efficacy of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% gr against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Scirpophaga incertulas in rice (Oryza sativa)

With the widespread adoption of high yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and accompanying changes in the cultural practices, rice leaf folder [Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee)] and yellow stem borer [Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)] has attained the status of major pests and influence the yield if proper timely management practices are not adopted. For effective management of these pests, identification of new molecules with novel mode of action, low toxicity to non-target insects and environmental safety is required for sustainable IPM. Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% gr (Ferterra 0.4% gr) is an anthranillic diamide insecticide in granular form for the control of lepidopterous pests in rice. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% gr (Ferterra 0.4% gr) against rice leaf folder and yellow stem borer during rainy (kharif) seasons 2017–19. The study revealed that broadcast application of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% gr @40 g a.i./ha at tillering stage was found effective and best insecticidal treatment in reducing rice leaf folder and yellow stem borer infestation with no phytotoxicity symptoms and increased grain yield. Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% gr @40 g a.i./ha was also safer to the natural enemies of the rice ecosystem. Post-harvest residual analysis of chlorantraniliprole 0.4% gr was found below the limit of quantification, i.e. 0.01 ppm in rice grains, soil, paddy straw and husk at recommended and double of the recommended dose indicating its safety to human, animals and environment.

Defensive Role of Fibre Fractions in Rice Genotypes against Rice Leaf Folder (Guenee)

Defensive Role of Fibre Fractions in Rice Genotypes against Rice Leaf Folder (Guenee)

MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PEST IN RICE SEEDBED USING A NOVEL RECTANGULAR HAND NET (RHN) FOR INSECTICIDE FREE SEEDLINGS

Insect pest first attacks rice in seedbed generally 7-9 days after sprouted seed sowing. At this early sensitive stage, traditional sweep net (round hand net) is not suitable to collect insects because it injured tender rice seedlings and its insect catching efficiency is also lower than rectangular hand net. To alleviate this problem, developed a novel rectangular hand net and evaluated the efficacy for managing insect pest in rice seedbeds. Newly developed hand net consists of a rectangular frame that includes 4 mm GI wire, and the frame length and width 50 cm and 20 cm, respectively. It also consists of a plastic pipe that length 100 cm, radious 0.75 inch, and market available white colour mosquito net, which length from the frame is 80 cm. Methods of application is rapidly walking with RHN (Fig. 2) around the seedbed (model seedbed one-meter width and length depends on land condition). After sweeping full seedbed harmful insect has been destroyed and beneficial insect released back in the same field. RHN caught maximum number of major populations YSB, rice hispa, BPH, rice leaf folder, GH, etc., and remained under control. RHN caught beneficial insect (19.60 %) compare to harmful insect pest (80.39 %). In Aus season 2022, 20 m2 area BRRI dhan48, BRRI dhan98, BRRI dhan85 seedbed tenure caught insect pest (87.78 %) and natural enemy (12.22 %). Same year T. Aman season BRRI dhan76 and BRRI dhan52 seedbed period insect pest caught (71.18%) and natural enemy (28.82 %). Both seasons conducted this experiment at BRRI, Barishal Charbadna and Sagordi farm.

Taxonomy of agriculturally important Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) of Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT Spilomelinae includes several pest species on various crop plants and larvae act as shoot borers, fruit borers, leaf webbers, leaf folders and leaf rollers. In the current paper, Spilomelinae fauna associated with crop plants in Karnataka are reviewed. Totally, 27 species were collected and reared on their host plants. Of these, five species are new records from Karnataka. Further, the morphological characteristics of adults of all the 27 species are described with photographs and keys.

Screening of Rice Genotypes for Resistance to Leaf Folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee

In recent years, leaf folder incidence has been increasing in all rice ecosystems and is abundant during the wet season. Presently farmers are dependent on the use of toxic chemical pesticides alone for their management. Hence, an attempt was made to nominate genotypes developed at Agriculture Research Station, Bapatla for screening against leaf folder under the AICRIP entomology program. Of the 16 genotypes evaluated at multi- locations during the Kharif season for two years, 2020 and 2021, BPT 2699 was found promising in 2-8 locations. BPT 3034 and BPT 3059 were promising in 2-6 locations, four entries BPT 2677, BPT 2954, BPT 3049 and BPT 2932 were promising in 3- 5 locations. The majority of these entries consistently outperformed the check variety (TN1) for leaf folder resistance and can be used as donors in future breeding programmes.

Increased efficacy of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), incidence on silica enriched rice crop

A possible synergistic effect between biological control agent Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and potassium silicate (K2Sio) for control of leaf folder on rice was investigated at Agricultural Research Station, Nellore (ANGRAU, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) under field conditions. Three sequential Silicon application in the form of potassium silicate (KSil) was given as foliar spray @ 80 mg/l, when leaf folder population density reached to ETL, B. bassiana @ 1.3x106 conidia/ml application was carried out. Two sequential applications of potassium silicate (two weeks after transplantation and at active tillering stage) + B. bassiana caused leaf folder population reduction of 42.80 per cent over control at 8 days after spraying. This reduction was significantly higher than the mortalities caused by the two single treatments alone (B. bassiana: 17.55 %; Ksil @ 2sprayes: 8.83). This study providing strong evidence of a synergistic effect of the combination treatment on leaf folder mortality. Similarly, three sequential applications of potassium silicate (two weeks after transplantation, at active tillering stage and PI stage) + B. bassiana caused 41.88 % reduction in leaf older population over control at 8 days after spraying, whereas three sequential applications of potassium silicate and application of B. bassiana alone caused 20.57 and 17.55 % reduction in leaf folder incidence, respectively. Indicates application of potassium silicate and B. bassiana alone did not gave as satisfactory results as used in combinations. In the present study the sequential applications of Potassium silicate + B. bassiana gave more promising control of rice leaf folder compared to the application of B. bassiana alone, proving the synergistic effect of the potassium silicate + B. bassiana combination on leaf folder incidence.

Assessment of Biopotency of Fipronil 80 WG against Stem Borer and Leaf Folder in Paddy Ecosystem

Two field experiments were conducted to assess the efficacy of fipronil 80 WG against stem borer and leaf folder in the paddy ecosystem at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that, the per cent reduction of leaf folder damage was recorded maximum in the plots treated with fipronil 80 WG at 100, 80 and 50 g a.i. ha-1 (77.96, 77.31 & 76.83 %, respectively over untreated control) and on par with standard check fipronil 5 SC @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 (76.37 %). Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 200 g a.i. ha-1 recorded 63.69 per cent reduction of leaf folder damage over untreated control. The stem borer damage was recorded minimum in fipronil 80 WG @ 100, 80 and 50 g a.i.ha-1 (3.43, 3.50 and 3.63 %, respectively over untreated check) followed by fipronil 5 SC @ 50 g a.i.ha-1 (3.76 %) and 40 g a.i.ha-1 (3.91 %) after two rounds of spraying. Whereas in untreated control stem borer damage recorded as 17.69 per cent. The grain yield was maximum in the plots treated with fipronil 80 WG @ 100 g a.i.ha-1 (4040 kg ha-1) which was on par with fipronil 80 WG @ 80 g a.i.ha-1 (4028 kg ha-1) and @ 50 g a.i.ha-1 (4017 kg ha-1). Fipronil 80 WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 recorded the highest percent reduction of leaf folder and stem borer damage in paddy with significantly increased yield and registered on par with treatments of its higher dose. Hence, fipronil 80 WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 is recommended for the management of leaf folder and stem borer in paddy ecosystem

Bio-efficacy of insecticides against rice yellow stemborer and leaf folder

Bio-efficacy of insecticides against rice yellow stemborer and leaf folder

Enhancing the Paddy Disease Classification by Using Cross‐Validation Strategy for Artificial Neural Network over Baseline Classifiers

Pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungus, are the biotic agents that cause illnesses in crops and are the major cause of yield losses of up to 16 percent in certain parts of the globe. Pathogens are the primary cause of yield losses in some parts of the world. Deep learning algorithms, which are at the cutting edge of technology, are now being used to identify crop disease at an earlier stage. Supervised learning (support vector machine and K‐nearest neighbor), ensemble learning (random forest and AdaBoost), and deep learning approaches were used in this study to suggest a classification of paddy leaf diseases, including bacteria leaf blight, blast, hispa, leaf spot, and leaf folder (neural networks). In order to evaluate the performance of the learning approaches, accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of the interpretation (ROC and AUC). According to the results of the investigation, when the fold value grows, the value of the evaluation metrics (AUC, CA, F1, precision, and recall) increases in a progressive manner, i.e., the 0.001 value increases as compared to the values obtained with the previous folds. When comparing the neural network to the baseline classifiers, the assessment metrics demonstrate that the neural network performs much better.

Species composition, occurrence pattern and seasonal incidence of rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis spp.) on kharif rice under Terai agro-ecological conditions of Northern Parts of West Bengal

Species composition, occurrence pattern and seasonal incidence of rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis spp.) on kharif rice under Terai agro-ecological conditions of Northern Parts of West Bengal

Evaluation of host plant resistance against the rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) and yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulus) through genotypic screening of rice

Evaluation of host plant resistance against the rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) and yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulus) through genotypic screening of rice

Evaluation of rice genotypes against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinelis Guenee in Koshi region of Bihar

Evaluation of rice genotypes against rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinelis Guenee in Koshi region of Bihar

SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF RICE IN KRISHNA WESTERN DELTA REGION OF GUNTUR DISTRICT

The seasonal occurrence of major insect pests of rice in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh during kharif 2021-22 was studied in Krishna Western Delta area in 90 farmers fields of 10 mandals (Bapatla, Kakumanu, Ponnur, Tsunduru, Amruthaluru, Vemuru, Tenali, Duggirala, Repalle and Nagaram). Fortnightly observations on pest population in parallel relation with meteorological parameters revealed the highest leaf damage due to rice leaf folder Marasmia medinalis (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)during second fortnight of September (2.95%) when the crop was more succulent. The incidence of yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) begun appearing during first fortnight of August with highest percent damage during second fortnight of September causing 2.62 percent dead hearts. The peak population of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Delphacidae: Hemiptera) was observed during first fortnight of October (4.97 hoppers/hill) when the crop was in panicle initiation stage.

Impact of frontline demonstrations in transfer of technology for management of paddy leaf folder

The present study was conducted to popularize the recommended practice for the management of paddy leaf folder through frontline demonstrations in Panchmahal district of central Gujarat. Results indicated that application of insecticide in recommended practices, i.e., indoxacarb 15.8 EC @ 0.015 per cent (79 g a.i./ha) was found most effective in managing leaf folder as compared to farmers practices. Demonstration plots recorded minimum mean pest infestation (0.38 larvae/hill) and higher yield (39.50 q/ha) as compared to farmers practices recorded higher pest infestation (1.44 larvae/hill) and lower yield (32.50 q/ha). The percentage increased in the yield over farmer’s practices was computed to be 21.54 %. Results of study on economic analysis of the yield performance revealed that the recommended practices recorded appreciable higher gross returns (Rs.71,100/ha) and net return (Rs.32,000/ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (1.82) as compared to farmer’s practices (1.52). The technology gap (10.50 q/ha), extension gap (7.00 q/ha) and the technology index values (21.00 %) were recorded. Frontline demonstrations brought out that the recommended practice was feasible and economically viable over farmers practice and was a better option to adopt for managing paddy leaf folder.

Biocontrol Potential of PeBL2, a Novel Entomopathogenic Bacterium from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, Induces Systemic Resistance against Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Butler) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The dangerous insect pest known as rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis exigua (Butler), which reduces rice output globally, twists and feeds on the young rice plant's leaves. Protein elicitors are hypothesized to be biological components that promote rice in becoming herbivore resistant. The evolving elicitor protein PeBL2, obtained from Brevibacillus laterosporus A60, was tested for biocontrol against C. exigua. Four distinct PeBL2 doses (74.23, 45.53, 22.26, and 11.13 μg mL-1) were assigned to evaluate the impact of PeBL2 on immature growth, survivability, and lifespan. Adult reproductive efficiency and the interaction between the pest and the disease were assessed against C. exigua. Further, the assessment of active compounds in PeBL2 with multi-acting entomopathogenic effects investigated the direct correlations of PeBL2 with temperature and climatic change in plants of rice (Oryza sativa L.). When compared to controls, PeBL2 treatments reduced the growing population of second- and third-generation C. exigua. Cnaphalocrocis exigua colonized control plants faster than PeBL2-treated O. sativa plants in a host selection test. PeBL2 doses delayed the development of the larval stage of C. exigua. PeBL2-treated seedlings generated less offspring than control seedlings, identical to fecundity. Trichomes and wax formation on PeBL2-treated leaves generated an adverse environment for C. exigua. PeBL2 altered the surface topography of the leaves, preventing colonization and reducing C. exigua reproduction. PeBL2-treated O. sativa seedlings exhibited somewhat increased amounts of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). Systemic defensive processes also included the activation of pathways (JA, SA, and ET). Following these results versus C. exigua, the use of PeBL2 in an agroecosystem with integrated pest management and biocontrol appears to be reasonable. These findings shed new light on a cutting-edge biocontrol technique based on B. laterosporus A60.

Insect fauna of soybean at different growing seasons: A comparative study

Present investigation was a field experiment to document the insect pests of soybean at different growth stages during rabi-summer season of 2020-21 and comparing them with the Kharif season pests in order to know the incidence pattern. Among sucking pests, leaf hoppers and thrips were causing considerable damage while whiteflies and aphids considered as minor during rabi and summer. Leaf miner and leaf folder were considered as major defoliators during rabi-summer which are replaced by Spodoptera litura and Bihar hairy caterpillar in Kharif. Among the pod borers Etiella zinckenella and Cydia ptychora were major and caused considerable damage during summer and Kharif, respectively. Stem fly was absent during early rabi while it was present in late rabi, Kharif and summer. The insect pest incidence spectrum varied in different growing seasons of soybean crop in this region.