Leaf Extract Of Ocimum Gratissimum Research Articles

Interactive effect of colloidal solution of zinc oxide nanoparticles biosynthesized using Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts on the growth of Amaranthus cruentus seeds

Nanofertilizers may be a possible replacement for organic fertilizers because they can get to targeted sites in a plant and either enhance or thwart its growth depending on the toxicity level of the used nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are said to be a good source of nutrients for crop production and using these nanoparticles as bio fertilizers, could help to reduce the chemical residue in the grown vegetables which may sometimes be consumed raw or at an immature stage. Zinc oxide nanoparticles used in this work were biosynthesized using Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts. They were characterized using optical spectroscopy and electron microscopy and found to be of sizes ranging from 11 to 99 nm with some agglomeration. Colloidal solutions of these nanoparticles of concentrations 10, 100 and 500 mgl-1 were used as nanofertilizer for growing black-seeded and pale-seeded Amaranthus cruentus. Percent emergence was best at 69% for the pale seeded variety to which 100 mgl-1 Og-ZnO (pH 8) nanoparticles was applied and worst at 29% for the black seeded variety treated with 10 mgl-1 Og-ZnO (pH 12) nanoparticles. Best emergence index value of 2.28 was observed for the black seeded variety on the application of pH 8, 100 mgl-1 Og-ZnO nanoparticles. The pale seeded variety to which pH 12, 10 mgl-1 of Va-ZnO nanoparticles was applied gave the best emergence rate index results. The study showed that pH and concentration of nanoparticles can affect the seedling characteristics of A. cruentus seeds. Key words: Nanofertilizer, percent emergence, emergence index, emergence rate index, seedling characteristics, electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy.

Effect of Eupatorium odoratum and Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf) Leaf Extracts on Growth, Haematology and Cost Benefit of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Eupatorium odoratum and Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf) Leaf Extracts on Growth, Haematology and Cost Benefit of Broiler Chickens

Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum on some Haematological Indices in Rats Treated with Zidovudine-containing Antiretroviral Drugs

Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum on some Haematological Indices in Rats Treated with Zidovudine-containing Antiretroviral Drugs

Anti-vibrio potentials of acetone and aqueous leaf extracts of <i>Ocimum gratissimum</i> (Linn)

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-vibrio potentials of acetone and aqueous leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and determine its relevance in the treatment of vibrios infection. Methods: The agar-well diffusion method was used for screening the extracts for their anti-vibrio activity. Broth micro-dilution assay was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts. Time-kill assay was used to assess bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic activity. Results: The acetone extract showed activity against 47.5 % (19/40) of the test bacteria, while the aqueous extract had activity against 30 % (12/40). MIC and MBC values range for the acetone extract were 0.625 – 5.0 mg/mL and 2.5 – 10 mg/mL respectively. The range of MIC exhibited by the antibiotic (gentamicin) against the vibrios is 0.002 mg/mL and >0.256 mg/mL. Significant reduction in the bacterial density was at 2 × MIC after a 4 h interaction period, while bacterial density after 6 and 8 h interactions with extract was highly bactericidal. Growth inhibition and efficacy of the crude acetone extract were observed to be both concentration- and time-dependent. Conclusion: The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities observed for Ocimum gratissimum leaf suggest that the plant is a potential source of bioactive components that may be effective in the treatment of vibrios infections.

Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum on Antiretroviral Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Aim: Hepatotoxicity, among other adverse effects, constitutes one of the greatest impediments to successful antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) in HIV/AIDS patients. The main objective of the study was to determine if the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum has a protective effect on Original Research Article Ughachukwu et al.; EJMP, 13(1): 1-11, 2016; Article no.EJMP.23603 2 ART-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Place and Duration: Department of Pharmacology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu University, Nigeria (six months duration). Methodology: Twenty five (25) albino rats of both sexes were divided into 5 groups of 5 each and treated as follows: Group A (no antiretroviral drugs, no extract); group B (antiretroviral drugs alone); group C (extract alone); group D (antiretroviral drug plus 40 mg/kg extract); group E (antiretroviral drug plus 80 mg/kg extract). All treatment lasted for twenty eight days. Blood samples were collected and serum ALT and AST determined using UV-spectrophotometer. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and their livers harvested and examined histologically. The mean (± S.E.M) of data were calculated and further analyzed for statistical significance using graph Pad Prism 5.0. Results: Mean serum ALT were 35.6±6.4, 54.0±9.4, 53.8±22.9, 90.5±21.9, 86.5±13.9 and that of AST were 143.8±19.7, 205.2±14.9, 58.0±27.9, 162.3±41.4, 150.5±44.8 for groups A, B, C, D, and E respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of serum AST for group B and those for group C (p value of 0.016). However there was no statistically significant difference between the ALT values for the test and control groups of rats (p value > 0.999). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values of AST for group B and those of groups A, D, E (p value = 0.659). The histology report for the liver was normal for all groups. Conclusions: This extract did not produce significant reduction of serum ALT and AST in ARTtreated rats in this study.

Aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum improves hematological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats via its antioxidant properties.

Objective:This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) on hematological parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:Twenty-five male rats (150–200 g) were randomly grouped into five as control, normal + OG, diabetic untreated, diabetic + OG, and diabetic + glibenclamide groups. Diabetes was induced by 100 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate in the diabetic untreated and diabetic + OG groups followed by treatment with distilled water and 400 mg/kg OG, respectively, whereas control, normal + OG, and diabetic + glibenclamide groups were treated with distilled water, 400 mg/kg OG, and 5 mg/kg glibenclamide, respectively. Body weight and fasting blood glucose level were monitored weekly. After 28 days of treatments, under anesthesia induced by 50 mg/kg sodium thiopental i.p., blood samples were obtained for hematological analysis, malondialdehyde (MDA) level determination, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Data were compared using analysis of variance and Student's t-test.Results:There was a significant decrease in the fasting blood glucose of the diabetic + OG animals compared to the diabetic untreated and the initial reduction in weight observed in this group was reversed at the end of the experiments. Packed cell volume, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the diabetic + OG when compared with the untreated group. The MDA concentration was significantly lowered (P < 0.01) in the diabetic + OG group when compared with diabetic untreated while SOD activity was significantly reduced in the diabetic untreated group.Conclusion:It was concluded that OG reverses anemia secondary to alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats probably via its antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of the Anti-asthmatic and Antitussive Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum gratissimum in Rodents

Background: Ocimum gratissimum Linn (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic plant popular for it culinary uses. The aqueous leaf extract is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases including asthma and cough. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-asthmatic, antitussive and muco-suppressant effects of the aqueous leaf extract (OGE) in rodent species. Methods: Ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs were exposed to 0.2% histamine aerosol in a glass chamber. Latency to preconvulsive dyspnea (PCD), tracheal fluid volume and viscosity were measured. For the antitussive screening, guinea pigs were exposed to 7.5% citric acid aerosol in a glass chamber and the bouts of cough pre and post-acute exposure were recorded. Mucus expectoration was estimated in mice after seven-day treatment with OGE. Results: Latency to preconvulsive dyspnea was not significantly increased by doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/ kg of OGE when compared with distilled water-treated sensitized guinea pigs. Tracheal fluid volume but not viscosity was significantly (p<0.0001) reduced by all the doses of OGE when compared with distilled water-treated sensitized guinea pigs. Also, the doses of OGE significantly reduced (p<0.0001) the number of cough bouts when compared with distilled water control. All the doses of extract significantly (p<0.003) reduced phenol red dye expectoration from mice tracheae. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of O. gratissimum does not protect against acute bronchospasms but possesses antitussive and muco-suppressant effects that may be helpful in asthmatics. Central mechanism may be contributory to the antitussive effect. These results lend credence to its ethnomedicinal use in the treatment of these diseases.

Synergistic Activity of a Mixture of &lt;i&gt;Lantana camara&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Ocimum gratissimum&lt;/i&gt; Leaves Extracts against &lt;i&gt;Aedes aegypti&lt;/i&gt; Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae)

Due to the continuous and misuse of synthetic insecticides which led to development of insecticide resistance, the present study was to determine the mosquito larvicidal activity of Lantana camara and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extracts in individual and combined forms to explore eco-friendly plant extracts that have potentials to suppress mosquito larval population. Recommended WHO mosquito larval bioassay method for insecticide was used. Four concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2 g/L were performed for all extracts and fractions in single and combined forms. In single form of L. camara , the LC 50 values of solvent extracts and fractions were ordered as follows: 0.62>0.72>0.96>2.20>3.36 g/L for ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol crude, chloroform and methanol, respectively. For O. gratissimum the following order of LC 50 values was observed: 0.37>0.60>0.97>1.60>3.23 g/L for hexane, methanol crude, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol, respectively. Methanol crude extract, hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were selected to form five combinations in 1:1 ratios. The combination of the two plants’ hexane fraction and hexane ( L. camara ) + ethyl acetate ( O. gratissimum ) showed assumed synergistic actions. However, the two plants’ ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate ( L. camara ) + hexane ( O. gratissimum ) exhibited assumed antagonistic effects. In Conclusion, identifying these possible synergistic compounds within mixtures may lead to the development of more effective biopesticides in reducing the Ae. aegypti population, especially in the areas where surveillance and supervisory mechanism are poor as Nigeria.

Effects of Prolonged Administration of Aqueous Extract of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Ocimum gratissimum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Scent Leaf) on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

This study was aimed at comparing the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities of various doses (1.0, 2.0ml and 3.0ml) of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum and glibenclamide (a reference hypoglycemic drug). Ninety (90) male wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) of five rats each. The experiment was replicated three times. The first group, A was non diabetic while B to F was made diabetic using alloxan. Results obtained showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in blood glucose level (mg/dl) following the administration of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract in groups D and E (139.96±7.2mg/dl and 106.64±4.30mg/dl) when compared to the diabetic control group B (299.34±1.30mg/dl). Administration of glibenclamide (antidiabetic drug) also resulted in a significant drop in the blood glucose levels between week 1 and 4. The effects of Ocimum gratissimum and glibenclamide on the blood glucose level are significantly the same at the final week (week 4). The effect of 2.0ml and 3.0ml (groups C and D) of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum on total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared favourably with the reference drug (glibenclamide) whereby they all have significant difference (P<0.05) on these biochemical parameters when compared to the diabetic control. All doses of Ocimum gratissimum aqueous leaf extract increased the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (37.41±1.07mg/dl, 42.09±1.22mg/dl and 49.76±0.63mg/dl) when compared to the diabetic control group (32.27±1.68). The effect of highest dose (3.0ml) of Ocimum gratissimum extract on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (49.76±0.63) compares favourably with the effect seen on the reference drug (glibenclamide) (50.15±1.17). The results suggest that the leaf aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum at 3.0ml dosage has antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect and would be of benefit in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus, controlling the blood sugar level as well as in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes mellitus.

English

Aim: The effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum on sodium nitrite-induced cerebral oxidative stress in adult Wistar rats was evaluated. Methods: Twenty four adult Wistar rats of weight between 150g to 250g were divided into six groups of four rats each. Group I was the Control and received 2ml/kg bwt of distilled water, Group II received 54mg/kg bwt of NaNO2, Group III received 750mg/kg bwt of the extract and 54mg/kg bwt of NaNO2, Group IV received 375mg/kg bwt of the extract and 54mg/kg bwt of NaNO2, Group V received 54mg/kg bwt of NaNO2 and 2ml/kg bwt of Olive oil while Group VI received 2ml/kg bwt of Olive oil. The administration was oral for 21 days after which the animals were sacrificed and blood collected for hematological and biochemical analyses and the tissues processed for histological studies. Results: The result showed a dose dependent decrease in the mean body weight of the animals in Groups III and IV and a significant increase in serum levels of MDA and decrease in SOD, GPX and CAT in Group II(P Histological studies showed degenerative changes in Group II with less degeneration in Group IV. Conclusion: The result showed that O. gratissimum in a dose-dependent manner may be used in the management of neurodegenerative conditions that involve free radical production. Key words: Sodium nitrite, Cerebral cortex, Ocimum gratissimum

Antibacterial Evaluation of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Carica papaya

Aims: This study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Carica papaya against selected clinical isolates of Gramnegative bacteria and to also determine the phytochemical constituents of the plants. Methodology: Extraction of plant leaves was carried using the cold maceration method and preliminary antimicrobial screening of the extracts was done using the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the plant extracts against test organisms were determined using the broth dilution technique. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were also determined. Results: Phytochemical analyses of leaf extracts of both plants revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins and anthraquinones. Antibacterial activity was recorded at concentrations ranging from 12.5-50 μg/mL. At 50 μg/mL, the aqueous and ethanol extracts of O. gratissimum showed best activity against E. coli and S. typhi respectively. Also, the aqueous and ethanol extracts of C. papaya recorded good activity against E. coli. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the aqueous extract of C. papaya against test isolates ranged from 12.5-25 μg/mL and Original Research Article Evwierhurhoma et al.; ARRB, 7(1): 54-60, 2015; Article no.ARRB.2015.105 55 that of the ethanol extract ranged from 25-50 μg/mL. O. gratissimum recorded MICs that ranged from 12.5-25 μg/mL for the aqueous extract, and 25 μg/mL for the ethanol extract. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of C. papaya ranged from 25-50 μg/mL for the aqueous extracts and 50 μg/mL for the ethanol extract; and that of O. gratissimum ranged from 12.5-25 μg/mL for the aqueous extract, and 25−50 μg/mL for the ethanol extracts. Conclusion: This study shows that C. papaya and O. gratissimum leaves have antibacterial activity and supports the traditional use of these plants as medicines.

Comparative Studies on in Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Aqueous, Ethanol, Ethylacetate and N-Hexane Extracts of Leaves of Datura stramonium and Ocimum gratissimum

The in vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of aqueous, ethanol, ethylacetate and n-hexane extracts of leaves of Datura stramonium and Ocimum gratissimum were investigated. Due to the fact that Free radicals are implicated in many diseases including diabetes mellitus, arthritis, cancer, ageing. etc. In the treatment of these diseases, antioxidant therapy has gained utmost importance. The phytochemical analysis was carried out by standard methods and the antioxidant activity of the various extracts were measured on the basis of the free radical scavenging activity of the extract on stable 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picrylhyorazyl (DPPH) at varying concentrations of the plant extracts (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µg/ml) and absorbance was measured at 517nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results indicated that alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and tannins were present in D. stramonium ethanol leaf extract while alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids were present in O. gratissimum n-Hexane leaf extract. The percentage inhibition of the solvent extracts at 100 μg/ml - aqueous (30.77 %), ethanol (74.90 %), ethylacetate (49.94 %) and n-hexane (69.90 %) for D. stramonium while for O. gratissimum - aqueous (45.84 %), ethanol (49.47 %), ethylacetate (63.94 %) and n-hexane (91.14 %). Of all the extracts, n-hexane leave extract of O. gratissimum exhibited the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 0.21 μg/ml compared to ethanol leave extracts of D. stramonium with IC50 0.29 μg/ml. This study revealed that n-hexane leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum had a more potent antioxidant activity compared to the ethanol leaf extract of D. stramonium which had moderate antioxidant activity. Both plants extracts had no significant difference when compared with ascorbic acid standard (0.19 µg/ml) at (P≤.05). The phytochemical profile of the plants might be responsible for their high antioxidant activity, thus justifying wide use of O. gratissimum in diet which could provide a source of high dietary antioxidants and D. stramonium in ethno-botanical applications.

Preliminary Evaluation of the Anti-Emetic Activity of Crude Methanol Extract and Fractions of Ocimum gratissimum

Background: There is a need for the development of safer, anti-emetic agents effective in several conditions such as in cancer chemotherapy where vomiting is a worrisome feature. Aim: The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-emetic potential of crude methanol leaf extract and fractions of Ocimum gratissimum. Method: The anti-emetic activities of the fractions were carried out following the chick emetic model. Test samples and the negative control were administered at a single oral dose of 150 mg/kg to the respective groups (n = 5). Tween 80 (5%, 10 mL/kg) and chlorpromazine (i.p) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. The number of retches each animal produced was counted for 20 minutes and recorded. Anti-emetic activity was determined by calculating percentage reduction in number of retches relative to negative control. Results: The anti-emetic activity decreased in the following order; Chlorpromazine (98.76%) > butanol fraction (92.16%) > aqueous fraction (86.80%) > crude methanol fraction (65.15%) > N-hexane (63.09%) > and Ethyl-acetate fraction (5.98%). Butanol fraction elicited the highest activity among the tested fractions, while ethyl-acetate fraction produced the least activity. Conclusion: This study showed that the butanol extract has better anti-emetic properties than other fractions. Supplementary studies are required to isolate the active principles in butanol fraction of O. gratissimum responsible for the anti-emetic activity and also elucidate its mechanism of action.

Induction and activity of glutathione S-transferases extracted from Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) exposed to insecticides

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been recognized as important metabolic detoxifying enzymes in many phytophagous insects. However, the contribution of GST to insecticide resistance in Zonocerus variegatus (L.) has not been studied. Therefore, we carried out an initial study on the induction and kinetics of GST in Z. variegatus exposed to pyrethroids (PYRs) and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract. Fifth-instar nymphs of Z. variegatus collected from cassava farms (with no history of insecticide exposure) on the campus of the University of Ibadan were reared to adult stage. Adult insects were divided into four groups of two replicates, each consisting of 30 insects. The groups were exposed to 20 ml of PYR insecticide and 25 mg/dl and 250 mg/dl of O. gratissimum leaf extract, respectively, while the last group served as the control. GST was extracted from the body tissues of the insects using the Bradford method and the kinetics of the enzyme was evaluated using the Lineweaver-Burk plots. No mortality was recorded in insects exposed to 25 mg/dl of O. gratissimum leaf extract, while mortality rates of 93.3 and 43.3% were recorded in insects exposed to PYR insecticide and 250 mg/dl of O. gratissimum leaf extract, respectively. The activity of GST was higher in insects exposed to the insecticides than in the control insects, while a higher enzyme activity was recorded in insects that died after exposure to the insecticides than in insects that were alive after exposure. The GST extracted from insects that were alive after exposure to PYR insecticide and O. gratissimum leaf extract exhibited a high affinity for the glutathione substrate compared with that extracted from insects that died after exposure. Higher GST activity in insects exposed to insecticides is indicative of the role of this enzyme in the metabolic detoxification of insecticides by Z. variegatus.

Effect of leaf extract of ocimum gratissimum on central nervous system in mice and rats

Background: Ocimum gratissimum, known as “Ram Tulsi”, is one of medicinal herbs used in traditional medicinal practice in our country. Objective: To observe and evaluate various central nervous system activities of cold homogenized leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum (OGE) in mice and rats. Methods: OGE was given to albino mice (n=240) and Wistar rats (n=30) in three doses 5, 10 and 15 ml/kg for seven days and evaluated for antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, motor coordination, hypnotic and anxiolytic effect using respective experimental procedures. Distilled water was used as vehicle control and various drugs as standard control for comparison. Results: OGE showed significant (p&lt;0.05) analgesic effect as compared to vehicle treatment in hot plate test. Pentobarbital-induced sleeping time was significantly (p&lt;0.05) potentiated by OGE in rats. OGE significantly decreased duration of tonic hind limb extension at doses of 5 and 15ml/kg in MES test and increased latency to convulsion at dose of 15 ml/kg in PTZ-induced seizure test. OGE at dose of 5 and 10 ml/kg induced significant muscle relaxation. Time spent in central square and number of rearing increased in mice pretreated with OGE at 10 and 15 ml/kg. Conclusion: OGE possess antinociceptive, hypnotic-sedative potentiating, anxiolytic and muscle relaxant properties with probable anticonvulsant properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9632 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):198-204

Identification of chicoric acid as a hypoglycemic agent from Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract in a biomonitoring in vivo study

Ocimum gratissimum L. is popularly used to treat diabetes mellitus. The hypoglycemic activity of this medicinal species has been confirmed by in vivo studies. The present study conducted a chemical investigation of a leaf decoction (10% p/v) of O. gratissimum monitored by in vivo hypoglycemic activity assays. Four phenolic substances were identified: l-caftaric acid (1), l-chicoric acid (2), eugenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) and vicenin-2 (4). The acute hypoglycemic activity of the O. gratissimum decoction fractions Og1-S (300mg/kg), Og1-A (240mg/kg) and Og1-B (80mg/kg) was evaluated intraperitoneally in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. They reduced glycemia by 63%, 76% and 60% (in 120min), respectively, in the diabetic mice. Subfractions of Og1-A were also evaluated under the same conditions: Og1-AS (200mg/kg) and Og1-AP (40mg/kg) produced a decrease of only 37% and 39%, respectively. Among the major phenolic substances, only chicoric acid (2; 3mg/kg) reduced significantly the glycemic levels of diabetic mice by 53%, 120min after treatment. This is the first study describing the hypoglycemic activity of chicoric acid in an animal model of diabetes mellitus. In addition, we suggest that there may be other substances contributing to this activity. Thus, for the first time, a correlation is established between the hypoglycemic activity of O. gratissimum and its chemical composition.

Effects of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum on Some Haematological Parameters of Albino Rats

Aims: To evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves on the haematological responses of albino rats. Study Design: Packed cell volume, hemoglobin level, white blood cells and differential cell counts such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemical sciences, (Biochemistry laboratory), Afe Babalola University and Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria between February 2013 and march 2013. Methodology: Sixteen albino rats with weight ranging between 100-190g were used. The rats were divided into four groups A, B, C and D; with group D as the control group. Increasing doses (100, 200 and 400mg kg -1 body weight) of the extract were administered orally to the other three treatment group A, B and C for a period of two weeks. Standard chemical procedures were used to analyze for packed cell volume, hemoglobin level, white blood cells and differential cell counts such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. Results: The results show a significantly decrease in the hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, white blood cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes respectively. Significant (P = .05) Original Research Article American Chemical Science Journal, 4(1): , 2014 decreases in the level of hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume were observed, whereas no significant (P > .05) differences were observed in percent neutrophils, lymphocyte and monocyte counts of the Ocimum gratissimum treated animals. Conclusion: The result suggests that Ocimum gratissimum leaf extracts administered at the dosages used and for the duration of the experiment suppress the haemopoetic system of albino rats.

Evaluation of the Influence of Methanol Leaf Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum on Some Immunologic Indices in Albino Rats

Evaluation of the Influence of Methanol Leaf Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum on Some Immunologic Indices in Albino Rats

The Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Gratissimum and Sida Acuta

The antibacterial activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Sida acuta and Ocimum gratissimum on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus faecalis and Peudomonas aeuginosa were determined using disc diffusion assays. All the extracts exhibited moderate to high level of inhibtion against the four microorganisms.The antibacterial activities were measured by the diammeter by dimeter zone of inhibiton, in which ethanolic extracts of Sida acuta exhibit the highest yield which is 18mm and the lowest yield in aqueous(cold) extract 7mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 0.125mg/ml on both plant extracts using the ethanollic extracts of Sida acuta and Ocimum gratissimum were positive on both the four microorganism and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) were also positive and gram negative organisms. This research is discussed in relation to the accepatable herbal medicines as a means of disease control.

Fractionated Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Extract Inhibit Prostate Cancer (PC3·AR) Cells Growth by Reducing Androgen Receptor and Survivin Levels

In this study, the antiproliferative activity of the organic solvent-soluble and aqueous extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaf against the prostate cancer cells PC3·AR were evaluated by their inhibitory effects on the Androgen Receptor (AR) and Survivin protein. Two organic solvent-soluble extracts P2 and P3-2, and a water- soluble extract, PS/PT1, were found to reduce AR and Survivin levels in a time-dependent manner. In addition, extract PS/PT1, also exhibited the inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. This is the first time that the inhibitory eff ects of O. gratissimum extracts have been evaluated on the Androgen Receptor (AR) and Survivin protein. The results encouraged the further studies of O. gratissimum as a potential treatment of prostate cancer.