Leadership Orientation Research Articles

The Tribal Games: Tribalist Foundations of Trump Supporters

This paper builds on Smith and Hanley’s finding that Trump’s supporters were not solely driven by demographics and economic distress, but predominantly by prejudices and preference for an overt authoritarian leadership. Our longitudinal study of the 2020 US Presidential election extended their study to test additional propositions about tribalism by considering two intergroup factors: an orientation to protestors and minorities and conservative vs liberal ingroups. While there was a strong negative correlation between attitude to protestors and to minorities, the strength of correlation between liberal and conservative ingroup ‘membership’ and support/vote for Trump/Biden was more telling. Essentially, because tribalism factors overpowered almost every variable including political orientation, we conclude that identity-based tribalism is now the primary basis of political allegiance.

Generation Z's expectations of their leaders: A cross-cultural, multi-dimensional investigation of leadership styles.

Gen Z representatives from one Western and one Eastern European country were the subjects of an empirical study investigating leadership style preferences and effects of motivation and performance on leader preferences. Data from 131 Ukrainian and 157 Austrian Gen Z representatives were analyzed. Different dimensions of leadership were examined, including transactional/transformational leadership and production/employee/change orientation of leaders. The results show significant differences in expectations between cultures, and within different leadership styles. Generation Z representatives from collectivist cultures with high power distance, long-term orientation, and high uncertainty avoidance have higher expectations of their future leaders than those from individualistic countries with lower power distance, less long-term orientation, and low uncertainty avoidance. A higher level of work motivation leads to a higher relevance of transformational, transactional pecuniary, and transactional non-pecuniary leadership styles in a collectivist, uncertainty-avoiding country with high power distance (Ukraine), while there is no effect in an individualistic country with low uncertainty avoidance and low power distance (Austria). Also, higher levels of work motivation lead to more appreciation of employee / production / change orientation in Ukraine, but only to higher levels of employee orientation in Austria. High performers in Austria tend to accept transactional sanction-based leadership, while this is not the case in Ukraine. In general, generations that may be described as universally similar have different perceptions depending on the culture they grew up in. For business leaders, the study provides insights into Gen Z employees and their leadership expectations. Managers from different business sectors working with employees from different cultural backgrounds should be aware of their employees’ different expectations. Recruiters will eventually have a better understanding of which arguments regarding leadership their future employees prefer and can adjust their recruitment messages accordingly.

What Makes an Exemplary Engineering Leader? In the Words of Engineers

Recent research suggests that engineers can be more inclined to identify leadership in the practices of admired colleagues than recognizing themselves as leaders [1-4]. We believe by asking engineers who they view as exemplary engineering leaders, we can sidestep some engineers’ reluctance to adopt leadership as part of their engineering profession to allow us to better understand the qualities of engineers who lead. This work is based on two survey questions that ask engineers 1) to identify exemplary engineering leaders in their lives, and 2) to describe what makes an exemplary engineering leader. While we set out to analyze the 828 open-ended responses through Engineering Leadership Orientations framework [3], our analysis of the responses revealed 3 perspectives engineers take to define exemplary engineering leadership: an individual’s values, attributes and traits, an individual’s skills, abilities, and behaviours, and lastly, an individual’s impact to community, society, or the profession. This works contributes to the developing definition of engineering leadership by providing the perspective of engineering professionals from industry.

Kepemimpinan dalam Mengembangkan Religious Culture di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri se-Kota Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat

Leadership has a very strong relationship with power. Therefore, power has juridical power and can influence others to act as expected. This paper aims to analyze the strategic role of leadership in developing a religious culture. In addition, this paper seeks to explore how leadership can develop a religious culture in Madrasahs, and furthermore to understand the implementation of leadership as an important part in developing a religious culture in State Madrasah Aliyah throughout the city of Mataram. The method used in this paper is qualitative, this approach emphasizes the quality or the most important of social phenomena, events and phenomena. In this study, researchers analyzed social phenomena, phenomena and events regarding the implementation of leadership as part of developing a religious culture in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Mataram. Data collection in this study was carried out using in-depth interviews, observation and documentation of the data found in the field. The data analysis of this research uses interactive model data analysis techniques that take place continuously until complete. The analysis takes place simultaneously which is carried out simultaneously with the data collection process, with the flow of stages: (1) data collection (data collection), (2) data reduction (data reduction), (3) data presentation (data display) and (4) conclusions or verification (conclusion drawing and verifying. The results of the research are that Madarsah Aliyah Negeri in the city of Mataram, is a leading educational institution at the secondary education level which is slowly but surely developing a religious culture within their respective madrasah. This can be seen from several activities that the researchers found in the field, for example, the development of a religious culture which is heavily influenced by the policies of the madarsah principal, and this can be seen through (1) the many regulations that are religious in nature that are applied, (2) the religious activities that are routinely carried out by the madrasah. students (3) and the discipline and cleanliness of the study program environment is quite well maintained. (4) the growth of order that reflects harmony and order in the association between madrasa residents, (5) exemplary as part of the leadership orientation in the development of religious culture in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Mataram City, and can have implications for instilling students' faith in madrasas. (6) Openness as part of the transparency nature of the school management system and on any issues. The openness of every member of the school is expected to close the existence of mutual suspicion, prejudice, envy, slander and other bad qualities that tend to persecute and damage the rights of others.

Impact of Leadership and Gender on Civil Servants’ Resilience in the Romanian State’s Public Administration

"The research analyses the leadership styles prac ticed in the Romanian public administration, the gender differences regarding the practiced leader ship and in terms of exhibiting behaviors that could lead to the development of civil servants’ resilience, trying to investigate the relation between leadership, gender, and resilience. The paper contributes to the scientific literature in the field by analyzing three concepts that are not usually explored together and especially in the public administration. The research methodology consists of a sociological survey con ducted in the Romanian public administration where 766 civil servants agreed to participate. The research revealed that the studied leaders present a mix of characteristics where transforma tional and transactional behaviors are predominant. Regarding gender differences, both men and wom en are considered to lead in a similar manner, but a higher preference for male leaders was observed. Men’s leadership behaviors are better appreciated, indicating the presence of gender stereotypes and a certain level of prejudice against women. The studied leaders possess the necessary character istics for developing civil servants’ resilience, being perceived as exhibiting supportive, encouraging, and motivating attitudes when their subordinates faced difficult moments in their careers. Also, the exis tence of a direct relation between transformational leadership and resilience was observed."

Preference for leaders with high and low facial width-to-height ratios: moderating roles of political ideology and voting context.

It has been argued that human ancestors evolved greater sensitivity to certain traits that signal dominance in potential leaders. From this perspective, modern voters still favor certain physical characteristics during political elections. Indeed, previous studies have shown that voters prefer dominant candidates, especially when primed with wartime scenarios, and with conservative voters being more likely to choose a dominant leader. Because facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) was found to be positively associated with perceived dominance, we sought to investigate the effect of fWHR on leader preference by taking into an account voting context and voters' political ideology. A total of 148 participants took part in two online experiments in which we manipulated standardized facial images to represent faces with low and high fWHR. Furthermore, we assessed participants' political ideology and asked them to rate the extent to which faces with low and high fWHR looked like leaders during wartime and peacetime scenarios. Preference for leaders with high fWHR was positively related to participants' political ideology, but only in a wartime scenario, suggesting that the more conservative participants were, the higher was their preference for leaders with high fWHR. This is consistent with the notion that preferences for dominant-looking leaders vary as a function of the contextual (voting context) and individual differences (political ideology). The present findings provide new evidence for the contribution of fWHR in leader preference and significantly adds to the results of previous research demonstrating the roles of voters' political ideology and politicians' physical characteristics in perceiving leadership abilities.

BIM leadership theory for organisational BIM transformation

Construction firms are struggling to stay in business as a result of BIM’s new and compelling business model and potential. As a result, businesses must adapt their current operations to the BIM paradigm by developing new organisational leadership capabilities. While such BIM leadership capacity is critical in designing, advancing, and driving a competitive and successful BIM transformation, BIM researchers have largely ignored it. Thus, this research explores the leadership capacities to drive BIM transformation in construction organisations in order to determine whether it will provide a leadership model as a solution to the leadership demands of organisations undergoing BIM transformation. The study design was a confirmatory sequential mixed methods research strategy that included a theoretical framework established through literature synthesis, qualitative grounded theory, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based modelling. Following the GT analysis, leadership capacity to drive organisational BIM transformation equates to the capability to develop a BIM-friendly leadership orientation, build a BIM-focused leadership procedure, perform BIM-related leadership responsibilities, generate a BIM-enabled leadership environment, and reach maturity within the realms of these strengths. The overall results of the AI-based modelling demonstrated that the acceptable capacity needed by the leadership that is pivoting organisational BIM transformation is the capability to coordinate functions, individuals, and transition alignment; produce BIM-related policies and a positive atmosphere for BIM implementation; and impartiality in recruiting individuals for BIM leadership roles. The study’s findings have implications for targeting key initiatives that might aid leaders in constructing adaptation strategies for organisational BIM transformation.

PENGARUH STRATEGI INOVASI PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH PADAT TERHADAP MINAT SANTRI DALAM PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL IKHWAN SALAMA KOTA BIMA

This study aims to analyze the effect of innovative strategies for utilizing solid waste which include Leadership orientation, Process innovation and product innovation on students interest in environmental preservation at the Al Ikhwan Salama Islamic Board-ing School, Bima City.
 This research is quantitative, with a population of 318 student from the Al Ikhwan education Foundation and Islamic Boarding School in Bima City. Determination of 76 sample people/respondents with the slovin formula. Instrument testing includes : Validity test and reliability test. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis method.
 The results of this study prove that overall the solid waste utilization innovation strategy has a positive and significant effect on students interest, then partially there is a positive and significant influence from process innovation, product innovation on stu-dents interes, but the results of this study partially indicate that there is also an influence positive but not significant on leadership orientation towards students interest.

EFFECT OF UNPREDICTABLE CHALLENGES IN MARKET CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY

Nowadays, management is challenging with various unpredicting economic, political, and technological changes. Management controlling facing unpredictable changes, which require major adaptability. Recently, there have been major changes in the world that have an impact on the overall market culture. This study aimed to investigate market culture orientation in the context of the diversity of product requirements and the diversity of competitor strategies. Cross-sectional research was performed, using an online self-administered questionnaire. This study included 68 adult working-age participants (63.2 % males). The web-based survey included market culture and environmental complexity scope. The main findings of this study showed that there are significant relations between various market culture orientations and environmental complexity. Diversity of product requirements is related to almost all market culture orientations, except manager leadership orientation. The greater the diversity of product requirements, the greater is orientation to competitiveness, goal accomplishment and achievement, leadership, and result-oriented market culture. However, diversity of competitor strategies is related only to market leadership orientation and result-oriented market culture. These findings give insight into the importance of market culture regarding the levels of environmental complexity, which could be crucial in planning effective models of a company’s market orientation.

Views on empathy and leadership in business schools: An empirical study of undergraduate students

The authors examine the perceptions of undergraduate students with business majors to determine the leadership competencies they most value. Prior research examined business major rankings in a smaller private school. This research examined the generalizability of those findings by surveying 667 students from a regional public college in the Southeast of the USA. The study also examined student empathy and age, as a representation of life experience, as indicators of preferred leadership trait rankings. Students ranked 10 leadership competencies and both student empathy and age were examined in relation to those 10 competencies through ordinal regression. The results indicate that both empathy and age influence leadership competency preference. The specifics of those findings as well as the theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as are potential directions for future research.

How do female CEOs affect corporate environmental policies?

AbstractHow do female Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) affect corporate environmental policies? This study develops a theoretical argument by incorporating the role of gender into the context of corporate environmental policies. Specifically, we differentiate corporate environmental policies into sustainable and unsustainable environmental policies. We also hypothesize a positive relationship between female CEOs and corporate sustainable environmental policies because women possess communal qualities and tend to be more stakeholder‐oriented compared with men. Moreover, we also propose a negative relationship between female CEOs and corporate unsustainable environmental policies because of women's risk aversion. We further predict that female CEOs with in‐group members will enhance the behavioral preferences of female leaders. Thus, we propose that the presence of in‐group members strengthens the relationship between female CEOs and corporate environmental policies. Using a longitudinal data set of Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2018, we found strong empirical support for our predictions. Implications for the literature on gender and corporate environmental policies are also discussed.

The Influence of Organizational Culture on Leadership Development

Effective leadership is one of the most important foundations for building a great organizational culture. Leaders can be anyone who, regardless of title, has influence or authority, and leaders set the tone for the organization's culture. A strong culture is financially rewarding: it affects the motivation of employees and in turn affects the quality and efficiency of their work, the ability to achieve objectives and the retention rate. This research aims to explore systematically how organizations and their leaders have promoted practices of leadership development, realizing the impact of the type of organization, the profile of the leader and the leadership style perceived by the leader. The results of the study show that organizations that promote leadership development are associated with the number of workers, the existence of a succession planning for leaders, the presence of coaching, the leader's preference as to the origin of the leaders and transformational leadership style.

Mapping the Terrain of Organizational Leadership Styles through HEXACO Personality Inventory

The present research aimed to explore the association between HEXACO personality traits and the perspective leadership styles of organizational leaders. The layers of leadership and their shapes seem to have some connections with the personality facets. The sample was comprised of N=98 organizational leaders including (males=70, females= 28) with having age range from 30 to 58 years (M= 42.76, SD = 6.28). The data was collected through the purposive sampling technique. The results of the study included a profile of personality traits and how these traits related to preferred leadership styles. The HEXACO-personality inventory and multifactor models of leadership styles were used. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that all the factors of the HEXACO personality inventory and multifactor leadership styles questionnaire were retained with complete items and a well-fitted model. Correlational analysis indicated a positive association between personality traits and preferred leadership style. Moreover, results in regression analysis showed that organizational leaders who are high on honesty-humility, agreeableness, and conscientiousness preferred a democratic leadership style. Further, the leaders who are high on emotionality, openness to experience, and conscientiousness preferred multiple leadership styles such as autocratic, and bureaucratic. However, emotionality was inversely associated with preferences toward laissez-faire leadership. Besides, agreeableness was positively associated with laissez-faire, servant, and authentic leadership styles, in contrast, it was found negatively associated with preferences toward transactional leadership style. Furthermore, the findings of this research would also contribute to scientifically determining the succession of leadership.

A Study On Leadership Preferences Among Post-graduate Students Of Assam Don Bosco University.

A Study On Leadership Preferences Among Post-graduate Students Of Assam Don Bosco University.

A tough woman around tender men: Dilma Rousseff, gendered double bind, and misogynistic backlash

Dilma Rousseff's presidency ended in controversial form. The first woman elected to the position in Brazil, Rousseff's 2016 impeachment was seen as a coup by her supporters and as a necessary step for democracy by her detractors. With the Brazilian economy facing its worst recession in history and the Car Wash corruption scandal ravaging the political class, critics continually raised questions about Rousseff's leadership style and abilities. This article analyzes how this criticism in part can be attributed to gendered subjective understandings of preferred leadership traits. Using a thematic analysis of interviews with political actors in five different Brazilian states conducted in 2017 and 2018, we demonstrate that gender stereotypes and sexism fueled criticisms about women's political leadership. While Rousseff's presidency was riddled with problems, the president's leadership style and abilities were scrutinized in distinct gendered ways, indicating a gendered double bind and a backlash against women in politics.

Ценности российской молодежи как элемент политической культуры общества

The article presents an analysis of the values and orientations of modern Russian youth in the context of classical political theories. It established that the majority of young Russians could be characterized as representatives of a non-parochial political culture. Representatives of the subject political culture dominate over representatives of civil culture. Social media erases clear boundaries between different types of culture; creates hybrid forms of political culture. The institutions of the presidency, volunteerism, and the army enjoy the greatest trust among young people, while the institutions of civil society do not arouse significant trust. The preference for democracy is combined with the preference for a strong national leader. Most of the representatives of generation Z do not identify themselves with western culture. S. Huntington's concept of the broken character of Russian civilization is confirmed. It is possible to state the dominance of materialistic values over post-materialistic ones. Socio-economic conditions and dominant cultural attitudes of Russia do not contribute to a generational shift towards post-materialistic values. Young Russians are influenced by the soft power of foreign countries, but this does not change the attitude of the absolute majority of young people to these countries as to strangers.

The spatial representation of leadership depends on ecological threat: A replication and extension of Menon et al. (2010).

Since humanity's first steps, individuals have used nonverbal cues to communicate and infer leadership, such as walking ahead of others. Menon et al., (2010) showed that the use of spatial ordering as cue to leadership differs across cultures: Singaporeans were more likely than Americans to represent leaders behind rather than in front of groups. Furthermore, they showed that threat priming increases the representation of leaders at the back. We replicate and extend these findings. We draw on cultural tightness theory to explain variability in mental representations of leadership, advance the spatial precedence hypothesis that leaders are generally represented in the front, use a large cross-cultural sample to compare different cultural dimensions, and employ alternative operationalizations of threat. We show that leaders are generally represented in frontal spatial positions across 25 countries and in different types of teams. We also find that cultural tightness and ecological threat (pandemic, warfare, and predation) lead people to represent leaders at the back (Studies 1-5). Mediational models show that ecological threat triggers greater desire for tightness and norm-enforcing leaders, which in turn leads people to represent leaders at the back (Study 4). Likewise, in tightly regulated work-teams, leaders are thought of as being seated at the office's back desk (Study 5). Thus, we converge with Menon et al. that different cultures have different mental representations of leaders and individuals who face threats show greater preference for leaders at the back. Additionally, we demonstrate that cultural tightness is the key cultural predictor of mental representations of leadership. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Multi-Generational Perspectives on the Competencies Required of First-Line Nurse Managers: A Phenomenological Study.

First-line nurse managers play an integral role in ensuring team and organizational effectiveness and quality of care. They are facing increasing challenges arising from the need to lead a generation-diverse workforce. Further research that examines multi-generational perspectives on the competencies of first-line nurse managers is warranted. This paper aimed to elucidate multi-generational perspectives on the competencies required of first-line nurse managers based on their lived experiences and perceptions, as well as those of frontline nurses. A descriptive phenomenological approach was adopted. A total of 48 informants were invited to individual semi-structured interviews to share their perspectives on the competencies required of first-line nurse managers. Findings were analyzed using Van Kaam’s controlled explication method. Four themes that described four areas of competency were generated: (1) advocating for the interests of the staff, (2) allocating resources effectively, (3) building cohesive teams, and (4) embracing change and quality. The findings indicated that there were significant discrepancies among the different generations of informants in terms of their degree of commitment to work, preferred modes of team communication and collaboration, and perspectives on the role and function and preferred leadership styles of first-line nurse managers. This study fell short in examining the experiences of Generation Z nurses, and the findings are subject to further validation by larger samples. However, this study has implications for hospital administrators, nurse educators, and managers, encouraging them to rethink the notion of management competencies to develop effective strategies for leading a multi-generational workforce.

Predictability of School Principals’ Leadership Orientation for Their Intentions of Implementing Nutrition Education

Healthy food behavior is closely linked with children’s physical and academic well-being. Nutrition education programs continue to be quite effective in educating students about their nutritional food intake. School principals’ leadership role in implementing nutrition education remains pivotal. This quantitative research study aimed to determine the predictive capability of school principals’ leadership orientation for their intentions toward implementing nutrition education. Data were collected from randomly selected 278 secondary school principals. The results indicated that school principals had positive intentions toward implementing nutrition education in their schools. Their leadership frame had a significant predictive capability about their intent to implement nutrition education.

Path-goal Leadership Styles and Performance of School Heads in the Implementation of Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan (BE-LCP)

This study assessed Path-goal leadership styles and School Head’s performance in BE-LCP implementation as perceived by Elementary school heads and teachers of Candelaria School Districts, Division of Quezon. It aimed to answer: (1) School Head’s preferred leadership style; (2) School Head’s performance in implementing BE-LCP; (3) significant difference between perception of respondents in extent of performance in BE-LCP implementation;(4) significant relationship between the leadership styles and extent of performance, and (5) leadership styles influencing extent of performance in BE-LCP implementation. Descriptive correlation design of research was employed to 26 public Elementary School Heads and 373 teachers, using total enumeration. School Heads very highly preferred Participative leadership style in implementing BE_LCP while directive leadership is least preferred. Respondents viewed the school heads to perform to the high extent implementation of BE-LCP in terms of focus on learning, ensuring quality teaching -learning process, safe operations and well-being and protection. There is no significant difference between the perception of the respondents in school head’s performance in BE-LCP implementation, as well as in leadership styles they used. There is significant relationship between the leadership style and the extent of performance in BE-LCP implementation. And, leadership styles affect extent of performance in BE-LCP implementation. It was recommended that school heads continue to evaluate their performance through a feedback mechanism, keep upgrading themselves in terms of leadership, and work hand in hand with the teachers, and have follow up/ parallel study using other variables.