Leader Region Research Articles

REFORM OF PUBLIK SERVICE BUREAUCRACY LICENSING IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REALIZING GOOD GOVERNANCE

This study aims to describe and analyze: (1) Bureaucratic reform of investment licensing services in Sidoarjo (2) Quality of investment licensing in Sidoarjo (3) Increasing the value of investment realization in Sidoarjo (4) Supporting and inhibiting factors in carrying out investment licensing reform in Sidoarjo. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with sources derived from informants and documents. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used interactive model data analysis by collecting, reducing, presenting, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (1) Bureaucratic Reform of Licensing Services at DPMPTSP Sidoarjo is carried out by making improvements to the institutional and human resource aspects. (2) By reforming the bureaucracy for licensing services at DPMPTSP Sidoarjo, the quality of investment licensing services provided will increase (3) By reforming the bureaucracy for investment licensing services at DPMPTSP Sidoarjo it will also have an impact on increasing the amount of realized investment value. (4) While the supporting factors include the delegation of authority from the central government and the commitment and political will of the regional leadership of the Sidoarjo district, while the inhibiting factor in implementing this bureaucratic reform is the lack of overall delegation. The authority to issue SKPD sector permits is related to DPMPTSP and there is still a lack of cooperation between district and city regional governments and provincial governments. This study also provides recommendations regarding the need for increased authority in providing services and harmonious cooperation between district and city and provincial governments in creating a conducive investment climate.

Political Decentralization and the Emergence of the Local State Capture: Lessons from Bengkulu, Indonesia

The local state capture phenomenon becomes very interesting if it is associated with the macro state capture framework that has begun to develop in the last two decades. A more multifaceted political approach is needed because state erosion is a political problem, not just an economic one. By referring to the political ethnographic tradition, this study describes how the complexity of relations between local economic, political, and ruling elites leads to the emergence of local state capture and the scope of its power. This study concludes that the weathering or weakening of formal government functions is not the source of the emergence of the local capture phenomenon. The growth of local state capture is more owing to the one-of-a-kind interaction between local political and economic actors and the ruling elite since the direct election of regional leaders takes place. This elite collaboration results from the emergence of a local oligarchic pole controlling local resources. The initiation of relations between the economic and political elite and the ruling elite is not only because of economic spheres but because they want to be part of the rulers' closest political circle of power.

Kwame Nkrumah’s Intervention in the 1960s Congo Crisis: a Pan-African Geopolitics and Personality Trait

Abstract Utilizing archival materials and existing literature, the article examines the contending rationales motivating Nkrumah’s decision to support the UN mission in the Congo during the 1960s political crisis. Existing scholarship, to date, appreciates Nkrumah’s involvement from the perspectives of African camaraderie, anti-imperial mawkishness, and regional leadership. However, beyond these elucidations, the optimal focus should be driven by Pan-Africanism geopolitics, the leadership traits and African political unification agenda of Nkrumah. The paper reveals how the UN mission was perceived by Nkrumah as an avenue to forbid the powers of the bipolar system to interfere with the right of “sovereign self-determination” within the domestic affairs of the Congo. The article’s findings and conclusion posit that the UN operation provided a boulevard of latitude for Nkrumah’s grander pan-African geopolitical ambition coupled with his own leadership traits. The failure of his mission was relative, given the normative value of his pan-African dream.

Assessing pandemic preparedness, response, and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic in four south American countries: agenda for the future.

The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in a context that lacked adequate prevention, preparedness, and response (PPR) activities, and global, regional, and national leadership. South American countries were among world's hardest hit by the pandemic, accounting for 10.1% of total cases and 20.1% of global deaths. This study explores how pandemic PPR were affected by political, socioeconomic, and health system contexts as well as how PPR may have shaped pandemic outcomes in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. We then identify lessons learned and advance an agenda for improving PPR capacity at regional and national levels. We do this through a mixed-methods sequential explanatory study in four South American countries based on structured interviews and focus groups with elite policy makers. The results of our study demonstrate that structural and contextual barriers limited PPR activities at political, social, and economic levels in each country, as well as through the structure of the health care system. Respondents believe that top-level government officials had insufficient political will for prioritizing pandemic PPR and post-COVID-19 recovery programs within their countries' health agendas. We recommend a regional COVID-19 task force, post-pandemic recovery, social and economic protection for vulnerable groups, improved primary health care and surveillance systems, risk communication strategies, and community engagement to place pandemic PPR on Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru and other South American countries' national public health agendas.

Kajian Yuridis Pengisian Jabatan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Daerah Bondowoso Berdasarkan PERMENPAN RB RI No. 15 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pengisian Jabatan Pimpinan Tinggi Secara Terbuka dan Kompetitif di Lingkungan Instansi Pemerintah

The public has an important role in choosing regional leaders. Open selection is carried out in order to select officials who have the capacity, competence and integrity to occupy positions in an agency. Pancasila plays an important role as the foundation of the Indonesian state. Implementation of Primary High Leadership Position Selection is one of the activities carried out to find competent and professional leaders. This research is a normative juridical study that analyzes PERMENPAN RB RI No. 15 of 2019 concerning Filling Primary High Leadership Positions as used as a guideline in implementing selection for filling JPT Regional Secretary in Bondowoso Regency; as well as Law no. 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus. Based on the results of the existing discussion, the results of this research: first, ASN regulations regarding filling positions which are the main issue in legal incidents have a predetermined format so that they need a more detailed interpretation to help provide solutions related to the same problems within the Indonesian Government. Second, the presence of Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus has indeed used the principle of a merit system so that it can suppress the practice of unscrupulous individuals in the implementation of filling out the Regional Secretary's JPT. As regulated in PERMENPAN RB RI No. 15 of 2019 concerning Filling of Primary High Leadership Positions carried out openly and competitively, missed supervision actually resulted in the filling of the JPT for District Regional Secretary. Bondowoso is impressed that the closer carrier system is not open bidding. The cases that occurred were carried out by unscrupulous individuals, money politics with abuse of position or power created sub-optimality in the implementation of job selection. The effort offered by researchers is to revitalize public participation in the implementation of filling the position of High Leadership Regional Secretary to prevent derivation in the selection of JPT Regional Secretary.

В.Т. Суслин: последний первый секретарь ростовского обкома КПСС

The article presents the first scientific biographical essay about the last first secretary of the Rostov regional Committee of the CPSU Vitaly Timofeyevich Suslin (1937). His work history began at a metallurgical plant in Taganrog, and the heyday of his party career fell on the late Brezhnev period and the Perestroika period of the Soviet era. For ten years (late 1970s – late 1980s) V.T. Suslin was one of the leaders of the Rostov regional Committee of the CPSU. And after working in the Central Committee of the CPSU (1988–1990) on an alterna-tive basis, he was elected first secretary of the Rostov regional party committee during the rapid collapse of its authority (1990–1991) and the reduction of power resources. The “tug-of-war” with the new regional Council of People’s Deputies headed by L.A. Ivanchenko, a fellow party member and recent competitor of the hero of the article for the position of the regional party leader, became a characteristic of the time. After the ban of the CPSU and the collapse of the USSR, V.T. Suslin took an active part in the restoration of the party structures of the Communist Party, but did not aspire to become a public political figure. V.T. Suslin died in Taganrog at the age of 60 (1997).

Proses Usaha, Tantangan dan Pengembangan Usaha: Studi Kasus Kualitatif Wirausaha Perempuan

This research is entitled business processes, challenges and business development: Qualitative Case Study of women entrepreneurs. The aim is to describe the process of becoming a female entrepreneur; challenges faced; how to overcome, experience from the 'aisyiyah school of entrepreneurship (SWA) and business development. This study was conducted on female entrepreneurs who took part in SWA entrepreneurship training and became part of the SWA Alumni held by the Economic and Employment Council (MEK) of the Balikpapan Regional Leadership 'Aisyiyah (PDA) in East Kalimantan. Resource persons: 4 female entrepreneurs whose businesses are successful. Research method using structured interviews via WhatsApp voice notes. The analysis method is qualitative descriptive analysis. This research found that female entrepreneurs started businesses for economic reasons or just to fill their free time. Starting a business from a home business and experiencing the dynamics of managing your business. The challenges faced are internal challenges and business management. The way to overcome problems is to continue to be persistent in learning, networking and participating in competitions to test the product. This includes looking for opportunities to be coached by government and private companies so that their products become regional and national superior products. Entrepreneurship training provides knowledge and skills as well as an entrepreneurial community. The role of the MEK PDA leadership during and after the training as well as the networking process carried out has helped the growth of business development.

Managing unwarranted variation in hospital care – findings from a regional audit in Norway

Background/AimThere has been increasing focus and research over the past decades on defining, identifying, visualizing and reducing unwarranted clinical variation in clinical practice. Both clinician-driven initiatives such as the US based “Choosing Wisely” campaign and the top-down driven “Evidence-based intervention programme (EBI)” launched by NHS UK to improve quality of care by reducing unnecessary interventions have shown marginal results. We present the findings from a mixed-methods audit performed to evaluate the compliance by senior hospital leaders of a new regional strategy to reduce unwarranted variation in outcomes and utilization rates.MethodsSeventy-five mid- to senior-division and department leaders from eight hospital trusts in South-Eastern Norway Regional Trust (HSO) were invited to participate in evaluating the response and compliance of the regional leadership strategy for reducing unwarranted variation in patient outcomes and service utilization rates.ResultsThe audit revealed that the aim of reducing unwanted variation was not clearly communicated by senior HSO management. There was varying use of data from the national quality registers and health atlases for quality improvement. One third of the clinical leaders reported a lack of scrutiny of their work and were insufficiently aware of the HSO’s top-management and the hospital’s Boards strategic expectations about the importance of reducing unwarranted variation in their hospital utilization.ConclusionsWe found that the strategic aim of reducing unwanted clinical variation was not clearly communicated by senior HSO management to hospital boards and senior management.The hospitals could benefit from a better understanding of causes of variation by strengthening their efforts to reduce unwarranted variation in utilization rates as a key element in improving health care quality and patient safety. The findings of the audit are relevant for other healthcare organizations trying to improve their quality and reduce unnecessary variation.

Pacific Pumas in Indian Jungle: Place of Latin America in Indo-Pacific

The article examines the political potential of Latin American countries in bolstering their influence within the Indo-Pacific region (IP). It delves into the Indo-Pacific concept, championed internationally by India and Japan, as an alternative viewpoint in contrast to the predominant orientation towards China as the regional leader in the Asia-Pacific region. Carlos Exudé's "Peripheral Realism" provides the theoretical framework for the study, although Latin American states strive to move beyond their peripheral status.The focus is on four Pacific coastal countries in Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Chile. It identifies key areas of cooperation between these nations and major players in the IP such as India, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. Chile and Peru have established a more robust transpacific partnership compared to their neighbors. However, Mexico possesses a significant advantage due to its unique geographical position intersecting the Atlantic and Pacific routes.Colombia, along with Mexico, Chile, and Peru, formed the Pacific Alliance, an integration association that emphasizes closer ties with Asian countries. Over its decade-long existence, this Alliance has significantly increased in both economic and political significance. The article highlights the pivotal role of this alliance in fostering Asian-Latin American trade and entrepreneurship.The study also delves into the prospects of integrating the two regions by extending the reach of Pacific economic megablocks (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, Trans-Pacific Partnership) to Latin America. After the ratification of the TPP by Mexico, Peru, and Chile, an agreement that unites all four Pacific Ocean continents for the first time emerged. The advent of the RCEP, which includes powerful economies such as China, South Korea, and Japan, demonstrates a clear global shift from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from West to East. The inclusion of Latin American countries in these processes is poised to advance their regional and global interests on the international stage.

Moroccan Cultural Diplomacy: Challenges, Opportunities and Levers of a New Model of Influence and Soft Power

Cultural Diplomacy has emerged as a vector of influence and a potent tool for soft power in international relations. Nowadays, the realm of cultural diplomacy has become fiercely competitive. It leveraged by many countries aware of its pivotal role in increasing their soft power and expanding their sphere of influence. Morocco, a secular kingdom and one of the oldest States in the world, is also keen on investing in the field of cultural diplomacy to bolster its soft power, increase its influence and assert its position as a regional and continental leader in this area. This paper presents a new conceptual model of a Moroccan Diplomacy which takes into account the extremely rich and distinctive cultural heritage of the Kingdom of Morocco, the various achievements in this cultural field. This model is designed to be more integrated, synergistic, well-governed in order to address internal and external challenges and capitalize on the strengths and new opportunities. The paper identifies the main challenges facing Moroccan Cultural Diplomacy that impact its proficiency, including in particular the lack of a global and integrated strategic vision and thinking, limited financial resources, lack of coordination between the different stakeholders and, weak involvement of the private sector and weak culture of assessment and performance measurement. However, the paper also identifies great opportunities, such as its impressively rich cultural heritage, characterized by its multidimensional cultural diversity, which requires a new and innovative approach based on a global and integrated strategic vision. The proposed Model is designed as a new framework based on a benchmark of international best practices of several pioneering countries in the field of cultural diplomacy and combined with a documentary approach and the results of interviews carried out with professionals, managers and experts in this field. It focused on several levers of influence and counter-influence that emphasizes the importance of a global and strategic vision, strong governance standards and structures involving Regions, Cities, Non-Governmental Organizations, Moroccan Diaspora. It focused also on enhanced evaluation and measurement, and a more proactive and innovative approach to promoting Moroccan soft power by investing cultural marketing, Public-Private Partnerships, digitalization and new technologies for networking, cultural creativity and strategic cultural partnerships. The paper argues that a renewed and more strategic approach to cultural diplomacy should be guided and steered by a specialized national agency that would perform the various functions of study, research, monitoring, influence, coordination, policy convergence, control and evaluation at national and international level. Thus, by institutionalizing this strategic, synergistic and holistic approach, we can lay the foundation of a new and innovative model that could help Morocco strengthen its soft power and promote its rich and unique cultural assets and values on the global stage in a more effective manner, and strengthen so its international reputation and influence.

Empowering Women In Politics (Study At The Regional Leadership Council Of The North Sumatra Persatuan Indonesia Party)

Abstract: The low participation of women in political institutions means that various women's interests are less accommodated in a number of political decisions. Research problem formulation 1) How are women empowered in politics by the North Sumatra Perindo Partai DPW? 2) What are the factors inhibiting women's empowerment in politics by the North Sumatra Perindo Partai DPW? The method used is a qualitative research method. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of research on women's empowerment in politics (the North Sumatra Perindo Partai DPW study) have gone well. The planning carried out in implementing gender responsiveness is good. This can be seen in the socialization plans made. Implementation has been maximized. With Perindo Partai’s strategy of taking a more personal approach. The evaluation achieved good results. By improving the quality of national education, the encouragement of women to take part in politics can be realized. The suggestion in the research is that the KPU Institute holds outreach that focuses on 30% representation of women. As well as making significant changes regarding the quota for DPRD members specifically for women. Can make policies that in politics gender equality is necessary. Because patriarchal culture is very irrelevant to use during elections. A long-term national campaign is needed. Which contains women's political awareness, reinterpretation of religious doctrines that take away women's political rights through the media. Both printed and electronic media such as posters, billboards, stickers and pins with images.

PENCEGAHAN STUNTING MELALUI BUDAYA SEHAT

One of the activities in the Naibonat Village that needs special attention is the prevention of stunting through the application of a healthy culture and the practice of washing hands with soap (CTPS). The history of PkM activities highlights the high incidence of stunting in this kelurahan, reaching 15.8% of the total number of children under five assessed. PkM stunting prevention activities will be carried out in July 2023 with an emphasis on increasing public awareness of stunting, CTPS procedures, use of local media, and the active participation of regional leaders. The results of this Community Service show that effective health education has increased public awareness of stunting from 69.7% to 92.3%. After this program, there was a sharp increase in the use of soap, from 30% to more than 80%. The dissemination of health messages has also benefited from the increased use of local media, particularly leaflets featuring dialects of the local culture. In addition, the community is also increasingly encouraged by community leaders who actively promote good hand washing habits. To ensure the continuity and sustainability of the program in preventing stunting and improving public health in Kelurahan Naibonat, recommendations include increased health education, ongoing collaboration with community leaders, ongoing monitoring and evaluation, and active community involvement.

Seen but overlooked? The emergence of regional leadership in polycentric climate governance after Paris

Seen but overlooked? The emergence of regional leadership in polycentric climate governance after Paris

The Readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara Towards Open Defecation Free Regencies

Introduction: Open defecation is defined as the practice of defecating in fields, forests, bushes, rivers, beaches, or other open areas, causing soil, water, and air contamination. This can cause environmental pollution and diseases (diarrhea and pneumonia, etc.). Banjarnegara and Wonosobo are the two districts with the lowest percentages of Open Defecation Free (ODF) in Central Java. This study aimed to determine the readiness of Banjarnegara and Wonosobo to become ODF regencies. Methods: This descriptive study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with policy actors responsible for accelerating ODF in Wonosobo and Banjarnegara. Results and Discussion: This study found that Wonosobo and Banjarnegara were constrained by five issues: policies/regulations and strategies, institutional arrangements, financing, planning and monitoring, and capacity building. A situation analysis involving the Working Group on Housing and Settlement Areas (Pokja PKP) for Wonosobo and Banjarnegara found the ODF's main obstacles, namely coordination and commitment (supply), and community behavior (demand). Conlusion: The readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara as ODF regencies needs to be reviewed, especially the commitment of regional leaders to institution-strengthening policies and public education.

ANALISIS KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PADA TOKO MU (STUDI KASUS PADA PEGAWAI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH KOTABUMI)

Minimarkets are a place to buy basic necessities. Some people prefer to shop at minimarkets because, apart from being easily accessible, they are also a place to shop that is considered quite comfortable. Seeing this opportunity, the North Lampung Muhammadiyah regional leadership also established a minimarket with the Toko MU brand. However, the service at Toko MU is considered to be still not good when compared to other minimarkets, especially minimarkets with a franchise system. The aim of this research is to analyze the level of consumer satisfaction at Toko MU based on service, price, product, and store access factors to find out what attributes are priorities. improving customer satisfaction at MU Stores and providing suggestions for priority improvements for MU Stores to increase customer satisfaction. The method used is a quantitative method. Data was collected using a questionnaire, and data measurement used a Likert scale. The number of respondents was 100, who were consumers at the MU Store located in the Muhammadiyah University Kotabumi area. This research uses the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) data analysis method, with the level of consumer satisfaction being "quite satisfied", and there are 7 attributes that need to be improved by Toko MU. In further research, it is hoped that other aspects of the discussion will be added.

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Hypertension Among The Elderly In The Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (Pdm) Of Sleman

Background: Hypertension, commonly referred to as high blood pressure, stands as a leading non-communicable disease responsible for a significant number of global fatalities and health issues. This condition constitutes a primary risk factor for various health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disorders, and dementia. Hypertension frequently develops without noticeable symptoms, earning it the moniker "The Silent Killer." The prevalence of high blood pressure continues to increase, and low levels of physical activity are still a problem in Indonesia. Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the association between attributes such as age, gender, educational attainment, occupation, smoking habits, Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical activity concerning hypertension within the elderly population affiliated with the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PDM) of Sleman. Method: The research utilized a descriptive methodology with a cross-sectional approach. Purposive sampling was employed to select a sample size of 120 elderly participants as respondents. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Chi-square Test. Results: The analysis findings indicate that most of the respondents display the following attributes: 45% are aged between 49 and 59 years, 87.5% are females, 45.8% have a secondary education, 45.8% are obese, 90% are non-smokers, 54.2% have a low level of physical activity, and 81.7% are diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension. There is a notable association between the level of physical activity and the prevalence of hypertension (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: A connection exists between physical activity and hypertension among the elderly in the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PDM) of Sleman.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND HYPERTENSION ON ELDERLY IN MUHAMMADIYAH REGIONAL LEADERS OFFICE (PDM) OF SLEMAN

Abstract
 Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease (NCD) which is the main cause of death globally. The prevalence of hypertension continues to increase and is often known as "The Silent Killer". The obesity factor (BMI>25) is also one of the causes of hypertension. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the incidence of hypertension in the elderly population living in the Muhammadiyah Regional Leadership (PDM) Sleman area. Method:This research is an observational analysis with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 110 people using purposive sampling. The instruments used include digital scales, microtoise staturemeter and digital sphygmomanometer. Data analysis using univariate and bivariate analysis methods using the Chi Square correlation test. Results : The results of the analysis show that the majority of respondents have characteristics, namely: 49.1% aged 45-59 years, 86.4% are women, 45.5% have secondary education, 51.8% work as housewives, 50.0% experience obese and 82.7% suffered from grade I hypertension. A significant correlation between BMI and blood pressure was identified (P<0.001). Conclusion:A significant correlation was detected between BMI and blood pressure with increasing BMI associated with increasing blood pressure in the elderly. Suggestion: Can collaborate with relevant universities regarding health checks so that they can control the health of congregation members.
 
 Key words : Body Mass Index (BMI), Hypertension

Digital Literacy Seminar: "Caring for Personal Data Security in the Digital World"

Technology is becoming a tool to improve human performance, especially in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, which is currently developing rapidly. The connectedness of various systems through the internet has led Indonesia to have 212.9 million internet users, covering 77% of the total population, with 78.5% of them active on social media. This phenomenon has brought about unprecedented growth in collecting and storing personal data that should be watched out for. Protecting personal data is essential, especially as internet users grow, increasing individuals' vulnerability to cybercrime. From 2022 to 2023, scams via WhatsApp messages manipulated with malicious attachments of images or links have become prevalent. To overcome this challenge, MTI UAD, in collaboration with the Regional Leadership of 'Aisyiyah Alor Regency, organized a digital literacy seminar to increase mothers' knowledge about the importance of protecting personal data in the digital world to minimize the risk of fraud. As a result, after attending the seminar, participants' knowledge increased significantly from under 50% to around 73%. Personal data protection efforts include sharing information, avoiding receiving files or applications from unknown sources, social engineering, and installing applications only from trusted sources.

Model of Stakeholder Engagement in Halal Tourism Ecosystems in Rural Areas

This study aims to explore stakeholder engagement models in halal tourism ecosystems in rural areas. The research focuses on understanding how stakeholders’ involvement in production, services, infrastructure, and human resources (HR) in the field of halal tourism in rural areas contributes to building an ecosystem. The analysis, based on the concept of Halal in the tourism industry, aims to provide clarity to the Halal ecosystem within hotel, culinary, and tourist destination businesses. The urgency of this research lies in identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the involvement of each stakeholder as a component of the halal tourism ecosystem, with particular emphasis on government regulations. The research adopts a qualitative method using a case study approach within a constructivist paradigm. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) are conducted to gather data. The primary objectives of this research are to develop a model of the Halal Tourism Ecosystem and provide recommendations for synergizing and optimizing the potential of halal tourism from each stakeholder. Four villages in West Java, namely Dayeuh Kolot Village, Alam Endah Village, Cisayong Village, and Sukalaksana Village, were selected as research locations using purposive sampling. Informants representing various sectors, such as hotels, restaurants, tourist attractions, halal centers, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), regional governments, and elected village heads, were involved in the research. The findings reveal that the construction of a halal tourism ecosystem involves six stakeholder components that interact and relate to each other during implementation. These stakeholders include the Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia as the ”leading sector” responsible for regulating tourism development in various regions. The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) issues Fatwas to align tourism activities with the principles of the Qur’an and Hadith. Regional leaders play a vital role in policymaking, providing infrastructure, and supporting human resource development and funding for halal tourism initiatives. Tourism business actors, such as hotel owners, managers, tourist attractions, restaurants, and tourism bureaus, commit to capitalizing on halal tourism opportunities within their business operations. While the ideal halal tourism industry ecosystem relies on active involvement and proper execution of roles by all stakeholders, the study identifies challenges. Awareness and achievement of the vision and mission among stakeholders in developing halal tourism remain low due to suboptimal communication, coordination, and collaboration. Therefore, the government’s role is vital in acting as a conductor, harmonizing the efforts of stakeholders in the development of Indonesia’s halal tourism industry.
 Keywords: engagement model, halal ecosystem, tourism stakeholders

Quantification of Xylem-Specific Thermospermine-Dependent Translation of SACL Transcripts with Dual Luciferase Reporter System.

Thermospermine (Tspm) is a polyamine found to play a crucial role in xylem development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Tspm promotes the translation of the SACL genes by counteracting the activity of a cis element in their 5'-leader region that suppresses the translation of the main ORF. Here we describe a method to test the Tspm-dependent translational regulation of the 5'-leader of the SACL mRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and A. thaliana mesophyll protoplasts with a dual luciferase assay. The dual luciferase reporter system is used to assess gene expression and is based on the detection of the Firefly luciferase luminescence driven by a specific promoter. However, it can also be used to evaluate the cis elements found in 5'-leader that influence the translation of the main ORF in a transcript. We have used a modified version of the pGreenII 0800 LUC plasmid carrying a double 35S promoter, followed by a poly-linker sequence in phase with the Firefly luciferase gene (pGreen2x35SLUC) where the full 5'-leader sequence of SACL3 was cloned. This construct was used for Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration of N. benthamiana leaves and for transfection of A. thaliana mesophyll protoplasts, followed by mock or Tspm treatments. The resulting translation of the Firefly luciferase in these organisms and conditions was then tested by measuring luminescence with the dual luciferase assay and a luminometer. These experiments have allowed us to quantify the positive effect of Tspm in the translation of SACL3 transcripts.