Le Sueur Research Articles

"I Saw and Felt the Class Lines": Class Divides, Forced Sterilization, and Literary Form in Meridel Le Sueur's The Girl

Abstract: This essay examines how Meridel Le Sueur's novel, The Girl , censures Depression-era eugenic sterilizations via both the story it tells and the forms it employs. Arguing that the text works to expose the imbrication of capitalist production and sexual reproduction, the essay explores how the narrative attends to labor on two fronts: labor as work and labor as childbirth. It also considers how and why Le Sueur eschewed influential leftist writer and editor Mike Gold's precepts for proletarian realism and instead pioneered what I term a running style.

Recovering the Worker in Meridel Le Sueur’s Worker Writers (1939/1982)

ABSTRACT While Meridel Le Sueur’s oeuvre has continued to receive increased scholarly attention since the late twentieth century, less attention has been paid to her creative writing manual Worker Writers, originally printed in 1939 for the Works Progress Administration in Minnesota when Le Sueur taught creative writing for the Workers Education Project of the New Deal. Although West End Press republished in 1982 a revised edition of Worker Writers, this edition made omissions that have limited readers’ engagement with Le Sueur’s vision. Removed are the nine worker stories curated by Le Sueur; also removed are references to these stories in the instructional language as well as references to Midwest regional developments. Recovering the 1939 text enables a fuller understanding of Le Sueur’s approach to proletarian writing. The 1939 manual shows Le Sueur’s vision of proletarian expression informed by her commitment to the writing workshop; her understanding of the literacies workers possess vis-à-vis more conventional literary technique and aesthetics; and her mobilization of regional Americanist discourses to create an elevated platform for worker writing, especially in the Midwest. The manual should also be studied in the context of Le Sueur’s efforts to develop a cultural “infrastructure” for worker writing in the Midwest.

ROPE TO THE SEA: OBSERVATION OF THE FISHING ROPE ACTING AS ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATA TO FIXATION OF CORAL Astrangia solitaria (LE SUEUR, 1817) COLLECTED IN THE GREAT AMAZON REEF SYSTEM (GARS)

Herein, we report the first observation of the coral Astrangia solitaria (Le Sueur, 1817) adhered on the polypropylene fishing rope (artificial substrate), collected in the areas of the Great Amazon Reef System (GARS). The specimens of A. solitaria were collected adhered on the fishing rope abandoned in bottom areas associated with the GARS, in the state of Amapá (Northern Brazil) (02°57'54"N; 048°27'50,4"W), during the commercial fishing operations of the red snapper - Lutjanus purpureus (Poey, 1866) - in May 2024. We observed 226 m of lost rope from the illegal lobster trap “caçoeira” adhered (wrapped) in the fish trap called “manzuá”, where we accounted 63 colonies of A. solitaria covering 12.5 cm of this rope. This observation can be associated with a wide range of marine invertebrate adaptations for the use of these types of macroplastics in an anthropized environment.

Pathotype characterization of Aphanomyces euteiches isolates collected from pea breeding nurseries.

Aphanomyces euteiches Drechsler is an oomycete pathogen that affects legume crops, causing root rot, a severe disease of peas (Pisum sativum L.) worldwide. While significant research progress has been made in breeding pea-resistant varieties, there is still a need for a deeper understanding of the diversity of pathogen populations present in breeding nurseries located in various legume-growing regions around the world. We analysed the diversity of 51 pea-infecting isolates of A. euteiches, which were recovered from four American (Athena, OR; Le Sueur, MN; Mount Vernon, WA; Pullman, WA) and three French (Riec-sur-Belon, Templeux-le-Guérard, Dijon) resistance screening nurseries. Our study focused on evaluating their aggressiveness on two sets of differential hosts, comprising six pea lines and five Medicago truncatula accessions. The isolates clustered into three groups based on their aggressiveness on the whole pea set, confirming the presence of pathotypes I and III. Pathotype I was exclusive to French isolates and American isolates from Athena and Pullman, while all isolates from Le Sueur belonged to pathotype III. Isolates from both pathotypes were found in Mount Vernon. The M. truncatula set clustered the isolates into three groups based on their aggressiveness on different genotypes within the set, revealing the presence of five pathotypes. All the isolates from the French nurseries shared the same Fr pathotype, showing higher aggressiveness on one particular genotype. In contrast, nearly all-American isolates were assigned to four other pathotypes (Us1, Us2, Us3, Us4), differing in their higher aggressiveness on two to five genotypes. Most of American isolates exhibited higher aggressiveness than French isolates within the M. truncatula set, but showed lower aggressiveness than French isolates within the P. sativum set. These results provide valuable insights into A. euteiches pathotypes, against which the QTL and sources of resistance identified in these nurseries displayed effectiveness. They also suggest a greater adaptation of American isolates to alfalfa, a more widely cultivated host in the United States.

Perspective Analysis of Eustache Le Sueur and His Paintings

Eustache Le Sueur, a 17th-century French painter, is celebrated for his contributions to the Baroque movement. His artistry, profoundly influenced by Italian masters like Raphael and Poussin, is epitomised in "The Life of Saint Bruno", a series detailing the Carthusian founder's life. Notably, Sueur's exceptional skill in perspective use is a hallmark of his work. Perspective in art, the technique to create depth and distance illusions on a flat surface, was adeptly wielded by Sueur. He often employed "linear perspective", a method establishing a vanishing point with diverging lines, thus creating depth perception. This approach not only imparted a three-dimensional feel but also infused his paintings with dynamism and drama. By varying object size and placement, he enhanced the narrative and emotional intensity of his scenes. Sueur's mastery of perspective significantly contributes to his enduring legacy. His innovative use of this technique achieved depth and brought vibrancy and energy to his compositions. Today, his influence persists in modern painting, underscoring his pivotal role in the Baroque era and the enduring significance of his perspective techniques.

Ecological notes and occurrence of Astrangia solitaria (Le Sueur, 1817) (Cnidaria: Astrangiidae) for the Northern Brazilian Coast

Ecological associations are widely reported in literature, covering several levels in the trophic chain or with different species interaction. However, the epibiosis between coral and gastropod species is still rarely observed in Brazil. Therefore, herein we report the epibiosis between the coral species Astrangia solitaria (Le Sueur, 1817) and the gastropod Turbinella laevigata Anton, 1838, additionally, extending the distribution of A. solitaria from the northern Brazilian coast (State of Amapá). The species were collected as bycatch fauna during commercial fishing operations along the continental shelf of Amapá, under the supervision of Center for Research and Management of Fisheries Resources of the North Coast (CEPNOR). This paper increases the northernmost record of A. solitaria and expands its epibiosis interaction with T. laevigata.

Ecological notes onActinostella flosculifera(Le Sueur, 1817) (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) in the South-western Atlantic, Brazil

AbstractSea anemones have developed various strategies for interspecific interaction with other organisms and their own ability to obtain food, due to their coevolutionary history, ranging from mutualistic (e.g. clownfish, crustaceans, etc.) and symbiotic associations (zooxanthellae or zoochlorellae) to depredation (e.g. sea slug). This study aims to record some observations on feeding habits and interspecific interactions ofActinostella flosculifera(Le Sueur, 1817) in the locality of Pedra da Sereia in Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil, and to describe the hunting strategy of the sea slugSpurilla brazilianaMacFarland, 1909 and the escape strategy ofA. flosculifera. We found that the habitat ofA. flosculiferais characterized by shallow pools ~10 cm deep at low tides, and this functions as a trap for many organisms and some biowaste (e.g. bones or fish drifting in from nearby populations) that fall into the oral disc. This is the first report ofS. brazilianapredating onA. flosculifera. We also report interspecific relationships betweenA. flosculiferawith four species of crustaceans:Omalacantha bicornuta(Latreille, 1825),Menippecf.nodifronsStimpson, 1859,Alpheuscf.angulosusMcClure, 2002, andAlpheuscf.carlaeAnker, 2012.

Migrants, Vagrants, and the Making of the Anthropocene

Migrants, Vagrants, and the Making of the Anthropocene

Transmission line approach to transport of heat in chiral systems with dissipation

Measurements of the energy relaxation in the integer quantum Hall edge at filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=2$ suggest the breakdown of heat current quantization [H. le Sueur et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 056803 (2010)]. It was shown in a hydrodynamic model that dissipative neutral modes contributing apparently less than a quantum of heat can be an explanation for the missing heat flux [A. Goremykina et al., arXiv:1908.01213]. This hydrodynamic model relies on the introduction of an artificial high-energy cutoff and lacks a way of a priori obtaining the correct definition of the heat flux. In this work we overcome these limitations and present a formalism, effectively modeling dissipation in the quantum Hall edge, proving the quantization of heat flux for all modes. We mapped the quantum Hall edge to a transmission line by analogy and used the Langevin equations and scattering theory to extract the heat current in the presence of dissipation.

The monitoring of diet and habitat preferences indicates competitive effect of exotic Ictalurus nebulosus on native fish under food-limited conditions

Due to the increasing globalization and ongoing introduction of exotic species, native species are confronted with competitors with unknown outcomes. Catfish Ictalurus nebulosus Le Sueur, 1819 is native to eastern regions of North America. The species was introduced to some European countries, including Poland, in the 1880s for hobby and farming purposes, and it is currently present in freshwater bodies of almost the whole Europe. In this study, stomach content analyses were used to study food and habitat partitioning between catfish and native fish coexisting in a nutrient-poor lake. The results suggest strong competition between catfish and native perch, resulting in the dominance structure of fish untypical for nutrient-poor lakes. Moreover, catfish, which are opportunistic food generalists, displayed a very narrow food niche and selectively foraged on the most nutritional food items. This may suggest that the foraging opportunity of catfish undoubtedly supports the spreading of this species among various habitats, but catfish may become specialists when colonizing some ecosystems. In the context of the current expansion of catfish towards the eastern periphery of Europe, monitoring of its population sizes, trophic niches and effects on lower trophic levels are essential for the management and mitigation of its potential impacts on invaded freshwater ecosystems in Europe.

The status of Protea caffra subsp. caffra and Harmonia axyridis in the habitat of the Critically Endangered Pennington’s Protea butterfly Capys penningtoni

Aerial photography provides historic record of features at the time the photograph was captured, and can assist with exploring changes in the habitat of threatened species. The host-plant of the Critically Endangered, endemic Pennington’s Protea butterfly Capys penningtoni, the Common Sugarbush Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. caffra, is a resprouter after fire which eventually dies if burnt too frequently. Six sites (Marwaqa Nature Reserve, Impendle Nature Reserve, Clairmont Mountain Nature Reserve, Lotheni Nature Reserve, Lot 93 1821 near Mkhomazi River [Nxamalala Traditional Council] and Mt Le Sueur) where the butterfly species had been previously recorded were selected to estimate the number of adult P. caffra subsp. caffra trees present using aerial photographs (2009). Protea trees in the vicinity of the C. penningtoni butterfly collection sites were point-digitised off aerial photographs. Polygons were digitised around coverages of protea trees using a distance of 50 m between trees to determine the outer margin of each coverage. The imagery data were ground-truthed by verifying the location and identities of P. caffra subsp. caffra trees at each site, using a sample of the total number of digitised trees. The ground-truthing enabled the separation of P. caffra subsp. caffra trees from Silver Protea Protea roupelliae trees, and the separation of P. caffra subsp. caffra trees with overlapping canopies. Contemporary presence of P. caffra subsp. caffra trees in relation to presence in 2009 was determined. Fire frequency data for each site was obtained via landsatlook viewer (USGS). We found that the protea savanna at most of the sampled sites was burnt about once every year between July and September. This project indicated the potential utility of aerial photographs and aerial imagery for the purposes of assessing the status of P. caffra subsp. caffra and H. axyridis in the habitat of the Critically Endangered and endemic C. penningtoni and for directing the placement of sampling plots in the field.

The stakeholders in action learning: aiding individual transformative learning

ABSTRACT This account of practice discusses how we have implemented an emerging action learning framework in the form of guiding questions that are relevant to key stakeholders: the client organisation (sponsoring organisation), the management development company, the participants and the Learning Process Facilitator (LPF) to aid participants in their individual transformative learning. The guiding questions are based on an emerging action learning framework devised by the primary author as part of her PhD research and applied to an action learning component in our Management Development Programmes (MDPs). A condensed version of this action learning framework was published in Action Learning: Research and Practice by Robertson, Terblanche, and Le Sueur [2021. “An Emerging Action Learning Framework to Foster Individual Transformative Learning During Management Development Programmes.” Action Learning: Research and Practice 18 (2): 102–120]. In this account of practice we share the emerging action learning framework, the guiding questions for the key stakeholders and our reflection on the application of the questions.

Abandoned Being: The Aesthetic of Inhabiting in Meridel Le Sueur’sThe Girl

This article reads the vocabulary of “being” scattered throughout Meridel Le Sueur’s The Girl as exposing the ontological dispossession underlying the economic and political abandonment of the poor. The Girl’s search for a way “to be,” however, also disrupts the economy of representation by which the state monitors and assesses, through a rhetoric of uplifted subjectivity, the behaviors of the women who depend on state relief programs. In The Girl, homeless women’s discovery of forms of being within precarious living conditions constitutes an ontological repossession through which Le Sueur imagines alternative feminist socioeconomic structures and, by extension, alternative forms of subjectivity that emerge within subrepresentational spaces.

Nomad’s Land: Pastoralism and French Environmental Policy in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World. By Andrea E. Duffy. France Overseas: Studies in Empire and Decolonization. Edited by A. J. B. Johnston, James D. Le Sueur, and Tyler Stovall. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. Pp. xxvi+308. $55.00.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsNomad’s Land: Pastoralism and French Environmental Policy in the Nineteenth-Century Mediterranean World. By Andrea E. Duffy. France Overseas: Studies in Empire and Decolonization. Edited by A. J. B. Johnston, James D. Le Sueur, and Tyler Stovall. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2019. Pp. xxvi+308. $55.00.Patrick YoungPatrick YoungUniversity of Massachusetts–Lowell Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 93, Number 1March 2021Travelers Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/712533 Views: 61Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

"A Vast University of the Common People": Meridel Le Sueur and the Crafting of the Nineteen-Thirties Literary Left

"A Vast University of the Common People": Meridel Le Sueur and the Crafting of the Nineteen-Thirties Literary Left

Franco-America in the Making: The Creole Nation Within. By Jonathan K. Gosnell. France Overseas: Studies in Empire and Decolonization. Edited by A. J. B. Johnston, James D. Le Sueur, and Tyler Stovall. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. Pp. xvi+348. $60.00.

<i>Franco-America in the Making: The Creole Nation Within</i>. By Jonathan K. Gosnell. France Overseas: Studies in Empire and Decolonization. Edited by A. J. B. Johnston, James D. Le Sueur, and Tyler Stovall. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. Pp. xvi+348. $60.00.

Toward an Ecology of Life-making: The Re-membering of Meridel Le Sueur

This essay advances Marxist feminism’s attention to social reproduction in order to account more fully for the relations that support life-making. The ecology of life-making is, I argue, an under-developed facet of social reproduction theory and an extension of its reach. I begin by clarifying social reproduction theory’s explanations of the value of reproductive labor time to life-making. I then turn to feminist political ecology’s attention to capital’s deregulation of life and to Native feminist onto-epistemologies as they expand the material history of capital’s theft of time and imposition of embodied debt. In the essay’s final section, I consider the writings of Meridel Le Sueur as theoretical contributions to a feminist ecology of life-making. I highlight literature’s capacity to render a history of life-making under capitalism as a complex and contradictory felt experience. From the 1930s through the last decades of the twentieth century, Le Sueur attended to the embodied debts incurred by capitalism’s theft of reproductive time and elaborated an ecology enriched by materialist and Indigenous thought. In countering capital’s fragmented temporalities, knowledges, and dependencies, her work exemplifies a timely feminist representation of life-making as critical re-membering and contributes to an ecology of life-making that more effectively addresses capital’s escalating squeeze on life.

Abnormal persistence of the chorioallantoic membrane is associated with severe developmental abnormalities in freshwater turtles

Development in oviparous reptiles requires the correct formation and function of extra-embryonic membranes in the egg. In 2017, we incubated 2583 eggs from five species of freshwater turtle during a long-term ecological study and opened eggs that failed to hatch. We described a previously unreported developmental anomaly: the retention of an extra-embryonic membrane around 7 turtles (1 Spiny Softshell Turtle (Apalone spinifera (Le Sueur, 1827)), 1 Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758)), and 5 Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur, 1817))) that were alive but unhatched &gt;14 days after their clutch mates had emerged. We investigated the association between retention of this membrane and the exhibition of other developmental deformities of varying severity, and we tested whether this novel abnormality was associated with reduced fertility or hatching success in affected clutches. Consultation of ∼150 years of literature suggests that we observed persistence of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM; also called the chorioallantois). Our data suggest that clutches where at least one turtle exhibits a persistent CAM may also exhibit slightly reduced fertility or hatch success in the rest of the clutch compared with conspecific clutches that do not contain this anomaly. Future research should investigate the factors predicting CAM retention and other developmental abnormalities.

Desafíos literarios a la noción patriarcal de heterosexualidad femenina: Seis relatos de escritorasde Le Sueur (1936) a Lawson (2016)

Resumen. Este trabajo plantea un estudio comparativo de seis relatos de autoría fe­menina—Le Sueur, Dinesen, Atwood, Kincaid, Alvarez y Lawson—que replican y desafían las nociones patriarcales sobre (hetero)sexualidad femenina a lo largo de cinco décadas. La mayo­ría de las historias giran en torno a los problemas planteados por la ideología patriarcal en cuanto a las primeras relaciones heterosexuales de las mujeres; además, como las creencias patriarcales sobre sexualidad favorecen la masculinidad, muchas mujeres encuentran dificul­tades para discutir el término “violación”. Organizo a las autoras en cuatro grupos: Dinesen y a Atwood establecen un marco dentro del cual comparo a Kincaid con Alvarez y a Le Sueur con Lawson. Puesto que las protagonistas viven en momentos y lugares distintos, examino las diferencias entre ellas, a menudo enfocándome en una cuestión que se repite a través de gen­eraciones y culturas: el mito de la virginidad. Junto con esto, profundizo tanto en las temáti­cas como en las técnicas estilísticas desarrolladas en los escritos. Por último, mi perspectiva teórico-crítica no solo es feminista sino que también está comprometida con la sociedad, in­cluyendo estudios académicos (ej. Pickering, 2016), charlas de internet (ej. Orenstein, 2017) y artículos periodísticos (ej. la sentencia de “La Manada”, 2019), entre otras fuentes.Palabras clave: Mujeres, heterosexualidad, patriarcado, feminismo, literatura, sociedad.

Coriolis effects in the rovibrational structure of an atom-diatom dimer

The rovibrational levels for truly bound states were calculated for a weakly interacting dimer comprising an atom and a diatomic molecule. The off-diagonal Coriolis corrections were evaluated with perturbation theory. For the Ar - HCl dimer as a concrete example, the obtained results are compared with those from computer code BOUND [J. M. Hutson and C. R. Le Sueur. Comput. Phys. Commun., 241, 1–8, (2019)].