Decrease In LDL-C Research Articles

Dynamics of endocrine markers and liver enzymes in laying hens after protein and probiotics supplementation in the post-moult phase

ABSTRACTSerum lipid profile, hormones and liver enzymes were studied to determine the health status in moulted layers supplemented with protein, probiotics and symbiotics. Four equal groups (n = 50 each) as control (CONT; CP16% diet), high protein (HP; CP18% diet), symbiotic (SYM; CP16% diet, symbiotic @ 85 mg/L orally) and probiotic (PRO; CP16% diet, probiotic @ 85 mg/L orally) were studied. Fifteen birds were slaughtered at 5%, peak and end of post-moult production periods from each group to collect blood. A two-factorial completely randomized design along with the DMR test was applied. The serum was analysed to determine various parameters by commercially available kits. The LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C; mg/dL) and cortisol (µg/dL) concentration in HP, SYM and PRO and thyroxin (T4; µg/dL) in PRO and SYM were significantly reduced as compared to CONT. Triiodothyronine (T3; ng/mL) concentration in HP, SYM, PRO; HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C; mg/dL) in HP and AST (U/L) concentration in PRO were significantly increased (P ≤ .05) as compared to CONT. The decrease (P ≤ .01) in LDL-C and cortisol levels and increase in HDL-C level indicate the reducing effect of these supplementations on stress, whereas an increase in T3 in supplemented birds (HP and PRO) signifies its metabolic boosting impact in post-moult laying hens.

Study of lipid lowering effects of oral antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common non-communicable diseases associated with ‘atherogenic dyslipidemia’ The treatment of T2DM often is initiated with oral antidiabetic drugs, most of which not only decrease blood sugar levels effectively but also decrease the lipid levels. Hence the current study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic agents in dealing with associated dyslipidemia.Methods: 150 T2DM patients were divided equally into five groups depending upon the oral antidiabetic drugs they received in solo or in combination for 24 weeks, with equal number of males and females in each group. After the written consent, a detail clinical history, clinical examination, Biochemical investigations including, glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid profile, chest X-ray and ECG were done.Results: After 24 weeks of study, the mean total cholesterol and mean triglycerides decreased significantly (p <0.05 to p <0.01) with monotherapy of metformin and teneligliptin as well as with combination of either metformin and glimepiride or metformin and teneligliptin. The decrease of LDL-C and VLDL-C was not statistically significant with any of the OAD drugs in solo or in combination. Similarly, HDL-C increased significantly (p <0.05) in Group I, III, IV and V; but was most effective with combination therapy. The atherogenic index of plasma also decreased (p <0.05) with metformin or its combination with either teneligliptin or glimepiride.Conclusions: Oral antidiabetic drugs are not only affordable and effective hypoglycemic agents but can also decrease serum lipids and thereby aids in the prevention and management of atherosclerosis and its complications in T2DM.

Thyroid hormones, lipid profile and anthropometric changes after programmed weight loss in Palestinian obese adult females

Objectivewe aimed to investigate the changes in thyroid hormones, lipid profile and anthropometric measures after programmed weight loss in Palestinian obese adult females Materials and methodsThis prospective study included 94 obese female (20–50 years old) as cases and 94 Non-obese of same age as controls for baseline comparisons. Obese female were assigned for low calorie diet (1200–1500 Kcal/day) in addition to a daily program of therapeutic exercise for six month. Parameters were measured, statistically analyzed and compared with control before and after study. Resultsbaseline measurements showed significant differences between cases and control regarding BMI, TG, TC, LDL-C, TSH, T3 and T4. After six months of low calorie diet and exercise there was a significant decrease in BMI, TC, TG and LDL-C in cases as compared to their levels before the study (P ≤ 0.05). TSH was significantly increased, while, T3 and T4 were significantly decreased in the cases as compared to their levels before the study. Statistically significant correlations were reported between different parameters of the study. ConclusionsLow calorie diet and moderate intensity therapeutic exercise significantly improved the deteriorated health indicators in the cases which justifies the necessity for introducing such low calorie diet coupled with moderate exercise

Hypolipidemic Effect of Sumac (Rhus Coriaria L) Fruit Powder and Extract on Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diet

Fruits of sumac (Rhus coriaria) are widely used spice which has several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The present study was conducted to test the hypolipidemic effect of sumac fruit powder and extract under various concentrations against hyperlipidemia. Chemical composition, minerals content, total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity were determined. Forty two male albino rats were used in the study, they were distributed into six groups, (n=7 rats). Group 1 was fed on standard diet as a negative control (-ve). The other five groups were fed on basal diet containing 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid (HCD) for 8 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia. Group 2 (positive control group) was fed on HCD only. Groups 3 and 4 were fed on HCD + sumac powder at 5 and 10% per kg diet. Groups 5 and 6 were fed on HCD + sumac extract at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg b.w/day orally respectively. Results recorded that sumac is a source of dietary fibers, minerals, flavonoid, phenolic and antioxidants activity. The results indicated that positive group (+ve) showed significantly higher level of serum TC, TG , LDL-c, VLDL-c , urea, uric acid , creatinine, ALT, AST , ALP ,TNF α, MDA and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and decrease in serum HDL-c and SOD, while the groups treated with sumac powder at 5% and 10% and sumac extract at 0.5 and 1.0 g can reduce blood cholesterol and other lipids and improve liver and kidney function especially the level of 10% powder and 1.0g extract compared to positive group (+ve). It could be concluded that, fortified diets with 10% sumac powder and those which received sumac extract at 1.0 g had the best effect on hypercholesterolemic rats.

Efficacy and safety of a combination of red yeast rice and olive extract in hypercholesterolemic patients with and without statin-associated myalgia

Cholesfytol®, a lipid-lowering dietary supplement with antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic properties, combines red yeast rice (RYR) and olive extract (5mg hydroxytyrosol equivalent) and represents an alternative for patients who do not wish or are unable to use chemical statins, including individuals with previous statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). A 2-months observational non-randomized study was performed to evaluate the efficacy, tolerance and safety of Cholesfytol® (1 tablet/day) in 642 hypercholesterolemic patients (mean age: 59 yrs; total cholesterol (TC) ≥200; LDL-C ≥140mg/dl). Patients were followed by 126 GPs, and included irrespective of SAMS history and/or diabetes. None of the patients were taking statins or other lipid-modifying therapy at inclusion. At baseline, 26% had fasting glucose >100 ≤125mg/dL, and 5% >125mg/dL; 32% (n=194) had a SAMS history; and 21% had atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD). In the entire cohort, pre-treatment TC; non-HDL-C; LDL-C; and TG were 259; 200; 168; 158mg/dL, respectively, and decreased significantly on treatment (−17.5% (TC) and −23.3% (LDL-C)). Fasting glucose and HbA1c decreased between visits. The reduction in lipids was greater in patients with higher values at baseline. For comparable pre-treatment values, patients with SAMS history had reductions in TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB100 slightly less than patients without myalgia. AD patients had greater on-treatment decrease in TG. Overall, 13 patients reported minor side-effects, and 4 patients reporting myalgia had antecedent SAMS. In conclusion, a substantial decrease in LDL-C was obtained with a combination of RYR and olive extract in high-risk hypercholesterolemic patients, without inducing new-onset SAMS.

OP.8A.09] EFFICACY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES ANTI-PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN-KEXIN TYPE 9 IN IMPROVING LIPID PROFILE AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

Objective: monoclonal antibodies that inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9), have emerged as a new class of drugs that effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemic patients present early signs of vascular inflammation and damage. We investigate whether after six months of treatment with anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies we can find any improvement of pro-atherogenic profile and of arterial stiffness (AS) in patients affected by familial hypercholesterolemia already in treatment with the maximally tolerated statin therapy. Design and method: We enrolled 34 people who had decided to start treatment with anti-PCSK9 drugs; of these, 32 have completed the 6-months observation period. At enrollment and 6 months later we evaluated anthropometrics, laboratory profile, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Results: After 6-months of treatment we found a significant decrease of inflammatory markers (Hs-CRP: −46.5%; Fibrinogen: −18.9%), LDL-C and lipoprotein (a) levels (respectively −65.9% and −34.2%). PWV (−9.5%) appeared to be improved; cIMT remained unchanged. PWV reduction appeared to be correlated with fibrinogen and LDL-C reduction. However, reduced PWV appeared to be not dependent on LDL-C and fibrinogen by the multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: After 6 months of treatment with monoclonal antibodies anti-PCSK9 the levels of CRP, Fibrinogen, LDL-C, and Lp (a), as well AS indices, are significantly improved as compared to baseline. We report the important evidence that a treatment with anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies may improve significantly the arterial stiffness in patients affected by familial hypercholesterolemia.

A meta-analysis of the effect of intensive cholesterol reduction on numbers needed to treat to prevent cardiovascular events in 75439 participants in 10 randomised controlled clinical trials

Aim: In meta-analysis of RCTs of cholesterol lowering drugs, each 1mmol/l(38.7mg/dL) decrease in LDL-C was associated with CVD incidence reduction of about one-fifth. Consequently, we devised a formula permitting both the effect of absolute CVD risk and the extent to which cholesterol is decreased to calculate number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one CVD event. This allows a critical comparison of guidelines from various bodies who are responsible for advising clinicians about cholesterol lowering treatment. Criticism has previously been levelled at our approach because trials included in meta-analysis have predominantly involved a single dose of statin. Our aims were to compare observed NNT to predicted NNT using our formula and to investigate the impact of abandoning LDL-C targets in different populations based on NNT.

Effect of intensive LDL cholesterol lowering with PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies on tendon xanthoma regression in familial hypercholesterolemia

Background and aimsThe effect of LDLc lowering with PCSK9 antibodies on tendon xanthomas (TX) is unknown. MethodsTX was measured in 24 heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) cases and in 24 HeFH controls with or without PCSK9 inhibitors for at least one year. ResultsExposure to PCSK9 inhibitors in cases was 2.96 ± 1.33 years. LDLc decreased 80.8 ± 7.66% in cases and 56.9 ± 11.1% in controls. There was a decrease in maximum (−5.03%) and mean (−5.32%) TX in cases but not in controls (+3.97%, +3.16, respectively, p = 0.01). PCSK9 inhibitor treatment was independently associated with TX reduction. ConclusionAddition of a PCSK9 inhibitor to statin and ezetimibe resulted in a greater decrease in LDLc and TX after 3 years of treatment.

Effect of dietary supplementation with olive and sunflower oils on lipid profile and liver histology in rats fed high cholesterol diet

To compare the effects of high-monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) against the metabolic disorders elicited by a high-cholesterol diet (HC) in rats. Using invivo dietary manipulation, rats were fed with different diets containing 4% soybean oil (cholesterol free diet) and 1% HC containing 12% olive oil (HC+OO) enriched with MUFA and 12% sunflower oil (HC+SO) enriched with PUFA for 60d. Serum lipid levels and hepatic steatosis were evaluated after the treatment period. Comparatively, rats treated with HC+OO diet experienced a decrease in the serum LDL-C, VLDL-C and CT levels compared to those fed with HC+SO diet (P<0.05). Otherwise, HC+OO provoked significant microvesicular steatosis situated in the hepatic acinar zone 1. HC+OO diet has high absorption velocity in the acinar zone 1 of liver compared to the HC+SO diet. Based on this, the reduction of the LDL-C, VLDL-C and CT serum levels in the animals treated with HC+OO diet may have been caused by the delay in the FA release to the blood.

서키트 웨이트 트레이닝이 중년남성의 대사성기질에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigating the effects of the 12-week long circuit weight training on body fat, blood lipoprotein, 14 middle-aged men in their 50s were randomly sampled out and 7 of them were assigned to the experimental group and other 7 to the control group, respectively. The experimental group underwent 12-week long circuit weight training and the concentration of their body fat, blood lipoprotein was analyzed before the training, and 6 weeks as well as 12 weeks after the training. From the experiment, following conclusion could be drawn: Statistically more significant decrease in body fat was found in the experimental group than in the control group as the exercise treatment time of circuit weight training lapsed (p.01). The experimental group showed statistically significant decrease in LDL-C of blood lipoprotein as the exercise treatment time of circuit weight training progressed (p.05), compared to the control group. With regard to HDL-C, however, statistically more significant increase was confirmed in the experimental group than in the control group, as the circuit weight training time processed (p.05). TG as well as TC decreased more significantly in the experimental group than in the control group as time lapsed with (p.05), and (p.01), respectively.BR From the above conclusion, it became clear that the 12-week circuit weight training could act to decrease LDL-C, TG and TC and exercise positive influence upon glycometabolism thanks to decreased insulin concentration and increased concentration of HDL-C. Such results might imply that middle-aged men above their 50s could prevent diseases, protect their body and enjoy healthy quality life by means of long-term and incessant exercise of circuit weight training.

A Comparative Study of Metformin alone, in Combination with Insulin or Metformin Plus Insulin in Presence of Simvastatin in Libyan Diabetic Patients

Type 2 of diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with progressive failure of pancreatic B-cells to secrete insulin, decreased insulin action, due to reduced insulin receptors at the target sites. Dyslipidemia is a common risk of DM and is responsible to a large extent for cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality. This study was planned to compare the effects of metformin alone and a combination of metformin and insulin in presence of simvastatin on glycemic and lipid levels in Libyan diabeticpatients. This retrospective study was conducted at Benghazi Diabetic Center (Libya) on 100 patients with type 2 DM of 40-60 years old. Patients were selected for follow up on basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were divided into three groups. The first group (n=30), received metformin (1-2 gm/day). The second group (n=40) received metformin (1-2 gm/day) and insulin (mixtard 30/70, 30-60 units/day) and third group (n=30) received metformin (1-2 gm/day), insulin (30-60 units/day) plus simvastatin (40 mg/day). Glucose blood levels (FBG, PPBG and HBA1c), lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI), hepatic function (ALT, AST, ALP and Bilirubin) and renal function (creatinine and urea) were measured for each patient. All the patients had a good glycemic control with significant decrease in HbAc1 of metformin plus insulin treated group. No significant differences in lipid profile of metformin treated group and metformin plus insulin treated group were observed. Date revealed both significant increase in HDL-C and decrease in TC, LDL-C and atherogenic index levels but without any change in TG in metformin and insulin treated group as compared with metformin, insulin plus simvastatin treated group. All the findings of hepatic and renal functions were within the normal range except for bilirubin which significantly increased in metformin, insulin plus simvastatin treated group compared with other treated groups.In conclusion, the efficacy of metformin in controlling hyperglycemia was enhanced with insulin without negative effects. Simvastatin was effective in controlling dyslipidemia associated with DM and produced a profound reduction in TC and LDL-C of the patients.

The Effect of 12-week-long Nordic Walking Exercise on Body Composition, Changes in Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism Indices, Concentration of Selected Adipokines and Calcidiol in Healthy Middle-aged Women

Research objective. This study aimed at analysing the changes in the level of somatic indicators, the secretion profile of selected adipokines, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism indices and calcidiol concentration after a 12-week-long nordic walking (NW) exercise in middle-aged women. Research material and methods. The study included 13 women aged 45.5±4.2 years who participated in a 12-week-long NW exercise, 3 times a week, 90 minutes each. Each of the women had individually determined workout intensity zones which were monitored based on the heart rate. Prior to the exercise programme and after it, somatic traits were assessed and blood was sampled in order to make biochemical analyses. Results. In the examined women, a decrease in mean body weight by 2.5 kg and a reduction in fat mass (FM), on average by 3.8 kg (i.e. 4.6%), coupled with an increase in lean body mass (LBM) by 1.3 kg, were observed after 36 workout units. A significant decrease in TC, LDL-C and TG concentrations and no changes in HDL-C concentration occurred after the exercise, which contributed to lowered atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and atherosclerosis risk index (ARI). Conclusions. Individualised and regular physical activity in the form of NW had a protective effect on the body, resulting in improved body composition, adiponectin secretion profile, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and calcidiol concentration in middle-aged women.

Long-term lifestyle interventions in middle-aged and elderly men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disorder related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, has become a public health concern. Currently, the principal therapeutic modalities targeting NAFLD are lifestyle interventions. However, the efficacy of long-term lifestyle interventions in managing NAFLD remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of long-term lifestyle interventions in middle-aged and elderly men with NAFLD. All 280 eligible patients were randomized to the control or test group. Patients in the test group received counseling on diet and exercise from 2 physicians every 3 months via a phone call. Patients in the control group received only counseling in annual checkups without regular intervention. After the 2-year periodic intervention, body weight, abdominal circumference, ALT, TCH, LDL-C and HDL-C decreased in the test group. Specifically, the fatty liver index (FLI) and NAFLD-fibrosis score (NAFLD-FS) reduced markedly in the test group. However, in the control group, there was only a significant decrease in LDL-C, HDL-C and NAFLD-FS (P < 0.001). The liver steatosis grade of the test group decreased significantly, while it increased in the control group. In NAFLD, long-term lifestyle interventions exert an anti-obesity effect and attenuate liver dysfunction and steatosis.

Anti-hyperlipidemic and Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of aqueous extract of guava (Pisidum guajava Linn.) leaves on rats

The aim of the present study is to investigate the ameliorative effect of aqueous guava leaf extract (AGLE) with different doses (200, 350, 500 & 650 mg/kg b.wt.) taken p.o in rats fed high fat high cholesterol (HFC) diet for 8 weeks. The four doses of AGLE cause a significant decrease in food intake, final body weight, gain in body weight, serum TAG, VLDL-C, risk ratio as well as liver TAG and malondialdehyde level. Also doses of AGLE (350,500 and 650 mg/kg b.wt.) cause a significant decrease in relative liver weight, serum AST and LDL-C but a significant increase in HDL-C and leptin hormone. While doses (500 & 650 mg/kg b.wt.) cause a significant decrease in serum TC. The highest dose causes a significant decrease in serum ALT and adiponectin hormone. Total liver cholesterol was decreased significantly in groups given (200 & 350 mg/kg b.wt.) but no significant decrease in doses (500 & 650 mg/kg b.wt.). As well as ghrelin hormone does not show significant decrease in the four treated groups fed HFC diet and given AGLE compared to rats fed HFC diet only.

High-density lipoprotein subpopulation profiles in lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase deficiency

Background and aimsOur aim was to gain insight into the role that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) plays in HDL metabolism and to better understand LPL- and HL-deficiency states. MethodsWe examined the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I-, A-II-, A-IV-, C-I-, C-III-, and E-containing HDL subpopulation profiles, assessed by native 2-dimensional gel-electrophoresis and immunoblotting, in 6 homozygous and 11 heterozygous LPL-deficient, 6 homozygous and 4 heterozygous HL-deficient, and 50 control subjects. ResultsLPL-deficient homozygotes had marked hypertriglyceridemia and significant decreases in LDL-C, HDL-C, and apoA-I. Their apoA-I-containing HDL subpopulation profile was shifted toward small HDL particles compared to controls. HL-deficient homozygotes had moderate hypertriglyceridemia, modest increases in LDL-C and HDL-C level, but normal apoA-I concentration. HL-deficient homozygotes had a unique distribution of apoA-I-containing HDL particles. The normally apoA-I:A-II, intermediate-size (α-2 and α-3) particles were significantly decreased, while the normally apoA-I only (very large α-1, small α-4, and very small preβ-1) particles were significantly elevated. In contrast to control subjects, the very large α-1 particles of HL-deficient homozygotes were enriched in apoA-II. Homozygous LPL- and HL-deficient subjects also had abnormal distributions of apo C-I, C-III, and E in HDL particles. Values for all measured parameters in LPL- and HL-deficient heterozygotes were closer to values measured in controls than in homozygotes. ConclusionsOur data are consistent with the concept that LPL is important for the maturation of small discoidal HDL particles into large spherical HDL particles, while HL is important for HDL remodeling of very large HDL particles into intermediate-size HDL particles.

Effect of Ipomoea staphylina leaves on Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide Induced Type-II Diabetes in Wistar Rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Ipomoea staphylina (IS) leaves in Streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide induced type-II diabetic in rats. Oral administration of ethanolic extract of IS leaves and its fractions at the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg was studied in glucose-loaded and STZnicotinamide induced diabetic rats. The effects of extract and its fractions on blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), serum urea, creatinine, total protein, liver glycogen, and activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in diabetic rats were analyzed. The IS extract and its fractions significantly reduced the blood glucose level in glucose-loaded rats. After treatment with IS extract and its fractions (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days there was a significant decrease in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), serum urea, creatinine and significant increase in body weight and total protein levels was observed in treated diabetic rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx were also inceased in diabetic mice after the treatment with IS extract and its fractions. Histological analysis showed improvement in the cellular architecture of pancreas, liver and kidney.

The effects of genistein supplementation on fructose induced insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation

AimsThis experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of 10weeks genistein administration on oxidative stress and inflammation in serum and liver of rats fed with fructose. Main methods6–8weeks old, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were included. Group 1 (control) was fed with standard chow food and 100μl/kg/day/rat dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) administered subcutaneously; group 2 (genistein) with standard chow food and 0.25mg/kg/day/rat genistein; group 3 (fructose) with standard chow food and drinking water 20% fructose, group 4 (fructose+genistein) with standard chow food, drinking water with 20% fructose and 0.25mg/kg/day/rat genistein. TNF-α, IL-6, visfatin as inflammatory markers and 8-isoprostane as a oxidative stress marker were measured by ELISA, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol by enzymatic colorimetric method, AST and ALT by kinetic UV method. Key findingsSignificantly high 8-isoprostane levels in serum (p<0.001) and liver (p<0.05) in group 3 compared to control group indicate that presence of oxidative stress. Significantly high TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum (p<0.05) and liver (p<0.01) and visfatin levels in serum (p<0.001) of group 3 indicate inflammation accompanying insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Genistein administration to fructose group causes a significant decrease in HOMA-IR (p<0.001) and LDLC (p<0.05) level. Significantly lower serum 8-isoprostane (p<0.01) level indicates the antioxidant effect of genistein and significantly lower liver TNF-α (p<0.01), serum, liver IL-6(p<0.01) and serum visfatin (p<0.01) levels reflect the antiinflammatory effects of genistein. SignificanceGenistein administration to rats fed with fructose causes an ameliorating effect on HOMA-IR values and lipid status markers in addition to its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects.

A Prospective Study to Analyse the Metabolic Effect of Metformin with Glimepiride on Type 2 Diabetic Patients of North India

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a leading disease of developing countries and its incidence is increasing day by day. Among Oral Hypoglycemic agents, Metformin is still the best treatment choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin is associated with improvements in lipoprotein metabolism, including decreases in LDL-C, fasting and postprandial TGs, and free fatty acids. Methods: This prospective study was carried out on Type 2 Diabetic patients attending the Diabetic clinic at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Center, Moradabad. Only those patients were included who were not adequately controlled with a stable dose of metformin monotherapy. A total of 125 patients were enrolled in the study taking Glimepiride plus Metformin. The patients received therapy of metformin 500mg three times daily & glimepiride 5mg twice daily. Results : Out of the 125 patients enrolled in the study, only 82 patients completed the study. Out of 82 patients, 49 were males and 33 females. There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) of FPG as compared to baseline. The (PPBS) was reduced from 275.95 ±63.599 (mg/dl) to 167.04±27.084 (mg/dl) at 12 weeks and141.36±31.064(mg/dl) at 24 weeks (mg/dl). There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) of Hb1Ac, TC, TAG, LDL, VLDL, UA, SGOT as compared to baseline but no significant rise in HDL was seen as compared to baseline. Conclusion: Significant improvement in fasting blood sugar (FBS), Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), Lipid profile and Glycosylated hemoglobin as compared to baseline.

Effect of resistance training on muscular strength and indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal women: controlled and randomized clinical trial of efficacy of training volume.

This study evaluated the effect of resistance training (RT) volume on muscular strength and on indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in post-menopausal women (PW). Thirty-two volunteers were randomly allocated into the following three groups: control (CT, no exercise, n=11), low-volume RT (LV, three sets/exercise, n=10), and high-volume RT (HV, six sets/exercise, n=11). The LV and HV groups performed eight exercises at 70% of one maximal repetition, three times a week, for 16weeks. Muscular strength and indicators of abdominal adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation were measured at baseline and after 16weeks. No differences were found in baseline measures between the groups. The PW showed excess weight and fat percentage (F%), large waist circumference (WC), high waist-hip ratio (WHR), and hypercholesterolemia and borderline values of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%). Following the RT, a similar increase in muscle strength and reduction in F% from baseline were found in both trained groups. In HV, a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-c, WC, and WHR was noted. Moreover, the HV showed a lower change (delta%) of interleukin-6 (IL-6) when compared to CT (HV=11.2%, P 25-75=-7.6-28.4% vs. CT=99.55%, P 25-75=18.5-377.0%, p=0.049). In LV, a decrease was noted for HbA1c%. There were positive correlations (delta%) between WHR and IL-6 and between IL-6 and TC. These results suggest that while a low-volume RT improves HbA1c%, F%, and muscular strength, a high-volume RT is necessary to improve indicators of abdominal adiposity and lipid metabolism and also prevent IL-6 increases in PW.

Effets of &lt;i&gt;Pistacia lentiscus&lt;/i&gt; Virgin Fatty Oil on Lipidemic Profile and Carcass Characteristics in Hyperlipidemic &lt;i&gt;Oryctolagus cuniculus&lt;/i&gt; Rabbits

The study aimed to evaluate Pistacia Lentiscus Virgin Fatty Oil (PLVFO) effects on lipidemic profile and carcass characteristics in rabbits. 15 male adult rabbits were allocated in three groups of 5 each. The first was not treated and served as control (CRL), the second was gavaged by Egg Yolk (EY) at a dose of 7 mL kg-1 BW (6/7 days), the third was treated as EY and then PLVFO was applied at a dose of 1 mL kg-1 BW (6/7 days). At 28th day of experiment, the biochemical profiles were determined and then animals were sacrified for anatomo-pathological studies and carcass characteristics investigation. PLVFO has resulted in non significant decrease of total cholesterol, a significant decrease of LDL-C (PLVFO Vs EY, ANOVA, p<0.01) and a significant increase of HDL-C (PLVFO Vs EY, ANOVA, p<0.001) with a significant amelioration of atherogenic index (PLVFO Vs EY, ANOVA, p<0.01). This oil has also increased non significantly ALT with a significant increase of AST (PLVFO Vs EY, ANOVA, p<0.01). Anatomo pathological investigations have not shown significant disturbances by PLVFO, this later has reduced significantly dissectible fat (PLVFO Vs EY, ANOVA, p<0.05). The study concludes that PLVFO prevent hyperlipidemia and obesity at tested dose. However, its prolonged use may increase transaminases enzymes activities.