Layout Planning Research Articles

The Bell-Shaped Opera Houses Realised by Antonio Galli Bibiena: Acoustic Comparison between the Communal Theatre of Bologna and the Scientific Theatre of Mantua

Many acoustic studies have been carried out in the Italian theatres built during the 17th and 18th centuries. Along with the development of technology, acoustic measurements become increasingly more accurate, able to capture the faithful acoustic conditions of these cultural heritage buildings that are considered icons for representing the house of sound. Although considered controversial for their innovative geometry and shape, the plan layouts proposed by the architect Antonio Galli Bibiena for the theatres placed in Bologna and Mantua were remarkable and appreciated by the audience given the florid artistical program run over the seasons. Site were undertaken in order to analyse the acoustic response of the main halls. From the recorded impulse response, both monoaural and binaural acoustic parameters were compared between the two theatres, where the analysis separately considered the stalls and balconies. The historical background of the selected theatres was detailed to understand the acoustic behaviour of the main halls.

Facility Layout Planning for Pyrolyzer Production Using Automated Layouts Design Program (ALDEP) Method

One important factor to consider in increasing productivity in a company is the design of the facility layout. PT Hari Mukti Teknik is keen producing pyrolysis machine to contribute to addressing waste issue in Indonesia. Currently, the facility layout at the company is not suitable to produce pyrolizers as it was set up to produce industrial scale washing machines. To improve production efficiency, PT Hari Mukti Teknik needs facility layout that can be optimized for pyrolizers. The purpose of this study is to provide a layout design proposal for the pyrolysis machine manufacturing process to obtain an effective and efficient process. Here, we used ALDEP method to produce layouts based on consideration of the level of relationship between departments. There were 4 alternatives for the manufacturing and production and two alternative layouts for employee and office area. The design for new layout was selected based on the closeness relationship between the departments. An overall facility layout plan that is required for the production of pyrolysis machines is a building area the total of 1045 m² covering manufacturing, production, employee, office and parking space areas.

How does flow connection path and vertical spatial layout of LIDs affect urban runoff? A new LID construction method based on refined landuse and hydrologic characterization

The techniques and modeling methods of Low Impact Development (LID, a more decentralized approach that uses or mimics natural processes to mange stormwater), has been extensively studied due to their positive impacts on urban flooding and water environment. Traditional LID modeling has been typically allocated on a plane layout based on rough land use classification and hydrological characterization. As the LIDs cannot be combined in the same space due to modeling restrictions, the LID effects on runoff control are often underestimated. This paper proposed a vertical LID model construction method based on a refined land use classification and improved hydrological characterization. By establishing a flow connection flux in the LID controller calculations, the overflows of different LIDs can be interconnected and transferred for further infiltration, storage and conveyance. Results showed that the refined approach provided more accurate spatial allocation guidance for LIDs, and the obtained catchment outflow was reduced by 25%-34% in comparison to conventional land use classification in a case study in northern China. The vertical construction method allowed a multi-dimensional LID allocation in space and function and achieved a higher control effect on total outflow volume and peak value. The combined LIDs could cope with the rainfall (i.e., no outflow from the LID plots) within the 50-year event, and the total outflow volume was 13–26% lower than the one from the plane layout method.

Perancangan Ulang Tata Letak Fasilitas Workshop Fabrikasi Dengan Metode Systematic Layout Planning Di PT ABC

PT. ABC is a manufacturing company whose production line is railroad components. In the production process, there is backtracking in the production process so that the production process is less efficient. The purpose of this research is to compare the initial material handling layout mileage with the proposed layout. This study uses the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method to determine the layout proposals that will be provided with the help of Blocplan software. From the proposed layout, the total distance traveled for the passenger seat production process is 402.8 meters and at 277.8 meters the difference is 125 meters.

Sustainable Continuity of Cultural Heritage: An Approach for Studying Architectural Identity Using Typo-Morphology Analysis and Perception Survey

Architecture plays a crucial role in expressing identities. Cultural heritage as a sustainable process identifies the representation of architectural identity and its continuity. This study aims to create a model of the sustainable continuity of cultural heritage as an approach to studying architectural identity in Erbil. This study contributes to revealing a comprehensive model that includes the relationship between inherited and created sustainable elements related to cultural heritage that affects the continuity of architectural identity. The study combined visual analysis using graphical representation, the analysis of previous studies, field surveys, and questionnaire surveys as methods of data collection. The rationale behind selecting Erbil is related to its unique sustainable developments related to its cultural heritage through the ages, as the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world. This paper built two hypotheses. The first assumes that there is a significant correlation between elements that represent cultural heritage as a sustainable process and the continuity of architectural identity, and the second assumes that certain elements of cultural heritage have a greater effect on the continuity of architectural identity. The proposed model revealed a strong correlation between independent variables that represent cultural heritage frameworks such as the typo-morphology of house layouts and facades, sociocultural factors, and sustainable development factors and the dependent factor of the continuity of architectural identity in houses situated in Erbil. The regression analysis demonstrated that the most effective factor contributing to the continuity of the architectural identity of houses in Erbil is the physical characteristics related to the typo morphology of the house’s plan layout.

Potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from pig production in China on the basis of households’ pork consumption

In the past decades, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from pig production in China have been increasing rapidly, which has become a huge challenge in fulfilling China’s “carbon neutral” commitment. However, few studies have focused on reducing the GHG emissions from pig production in view of households’ pork consumption. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of the GHG emissions from pig production in China in 2001–2020 through geographical information system, optimized the pig production in China, and estimated thepotentialGHG emissions reduction from pig production in China in 2020 through spatial analysis based on pork surplus or deficit. Results show that the temporal and spatial pattern of the GHG emissions from pig production and its proportion in the total GHG emissions from livestock production in China in 2001–2020 varied differently at the province level and conformed to the “Hu Huanyong Line” mode. The largest and smallest GHG emissions from pig production were 108.93 million tons (MT) in 2014 and 78.10 MT in 2020, respectively. The largest and smallest proportions of GHG emissions from pig production in the total GHG emissions from livestock production were 77.52% in Zhejiang in 2013 and 0.13% in Tibet in 2009, respectively. Moreover, a potential optimization scheme of pig production in China in 2020 was provided and a method of GHG emissions reduction from pig production is proposed. The results indicate that the total potentialGHG emissions reduction from pig production on the basis of households’ pork consumption could reach 35.21 MT, accounting for 45.09% of the total GHG emissions from pig production and 10.27% of the total GHG emissions from livestock production in China in 2020. These findings areusefulin the spatial layout planning of pig production, agricultural GHG reduction, and global warming mitigation.

Spatial planning layout design of national land in the context of rural revitalization based on MOLA model

Abstract In the context of the comprehensive implementation of rural revitalization strategy, ecological protection and sustainable territorial spatial pattern are important elements of spatial planning and ecological civilization construction. With this as the starting point, this paper can use spatial analysis, hierarchical analysis, entropy method, integrated learning and other technical methods to divide the national spatial evaluation units under the MOLA model. Carry out spatial suitability evaluation of national land based on double constraints as well as spatial planning and design. The test results show that the villagers’ trust in the implementation of rural revitalization policies reached 78%, and most of them agree more with various policies on rural construction and development, which illustrates the necessity of territorial spatial planning in rural revitalization. The research data have good score validity when the observed variable of the questionnaire under the experimental test is greater than 0.4, which indicates the spatial planning layout under the proposed model. On the basis of mastering the current situation and problems facing rural revitalization, it not only proposes an effective path, but also scientifically adjusts and optimizes the space of rural areas, providing a boost to promote the construction and sustainable and healthy development of new rural areas.

Floor vibrations and rectification

Excessive floor vibration due to human excitation is a significant serviceability concern in buildings and other long span structures. The use of lightweight materials, nominal furniture and open plan layouts is resulting in lighter floors with lower damping than traditional older floors and hence an increased risk of excessive vibration response. This paper provides insights into walking excitation, floor response and remedial actions for floors with excessive vibrations.

Analysis of (G+3) Hostel Building

Abstract: The principal objective of this project is the comparative study on design and analysis of hostel building (G+3) of area 2050 sqm, by AUTOCAD, STAAD.Pro and ETABS software’s. Our project deals with the plan and style of Hostel Building. Designing involves identifying the forces and stresses which arise within that structure, perform analysis to urge moments and shear forces on different elements of the structure then design the structure for ultimate loads, dead load, wind load, live load, earthquake load (Indian Earthquake zone 3) and moments etc. AUTOCAD, ETABS and STAAD.Pro may be softwares tool to style functional design of plan. Estimation includes finding the quantities of materials required for the development of the structure and requirements of labour etc. During this project work, an effort is formed consistent with Building by laws and style of hostel building as per is: IS-456-2000, IS-1200 and SSR. The layout planning may be a part of urban development it includes planning of hostel houses, commercial complexes, service roads, primary health centers, school...& other amenities sewerage system for whole layout (includes treatment, sewer main, storm water drains), water distribution system. This article includes design & estimation of hostel building in plot of layout planned.

Evaluation of Bus Lane Layouts Based on a Bi-Level Programming Model—Using Part of the Qingshan Lake District of Nanchang City, China, as an Example

Bus lanes have gradually become an indispensable infrastructure for the development of urban public transportation networks. A bi-level programming model is used herein to compare the total travel time of social vehicles and buses before and after the bus lane is set up to judge whether the bus lane layout plan is scientific and reasonable considering the road network. The model’s effectiveness is verified using areas of Qingshan Lake in Nanchang City, and the operational efficiency of one bus lane before and after establishing the dedicated bus lane is analyzed. The case results show that the bus lane layout evaluation needs to consider the traffic benefits of a specific road and also judge whether the total travel time of the network traffic volume is improved from the macroscopic road network level. The research results provide theoretical support for the rational layout of bus lanes and are of practical significance for prioritizing the development of public transportation and promoting the sustainable development of urban transportation.

Analysis & Design of G+5 Residential Building Using STAAD-PRO

Abstract: Structural planning and design is an art and science of designing with economy elegance and durable structure. The entire process of structural planning and designing is not only requires imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of structural engineering besides knowledge of practical aspects such as relevant design codes and by-loss backed up by example experiences. The purpose of standards is to ensure and enhance the safety, keeping careful balance between economy and safety. In the present study G+5 building of 9.0mX15.2m.Area 136.8sqmeter at Badarpur New Delhi , is designed (Slabs, Beams, Columns and Footings) using STADD PRO software. In order to design them, it is important to first obtain the plan of the particular building that is, positioning of the particular rooms (Drawing room, bed room, kitchen toilet etc.) such that they serve their respective purpose and also suiting to the requirement and comfort of the inhabitants. Thereby depending on the suitability; plan layout of beams and the position of columns are fixed.

Research and design experience of a 150 kt/a CO2 capture and purification project in the Shaanxi Guohua Jinjie power plant

There was little research and demonstration experience in large flue gas carbon projects in China. 150 kt/a flue gas CO2 capture project in the Guohua Jinjie power plant, which is the largest-scale flue gas carbon capture project in China, effectively solved this technical bottleneck. The performance of the used compound amine absorbent, phase change absorbent, and the ionic liquid was described, and the compatibility of performance was considered in the project; new energy-saving processes integrated mechanical vapor recompression heat pump, interstage cooling, and split flow desorption. The plane layout of the project was put forward, and the utility consumption of the capture system was analyzed. The paper explained the health, safety, and environmental protection instructions, presented test category tables, and developed energy consumption and economic analyses. The results showed that the renewable energy consumption per unit product was 2.32 GJ/t CO2, the loss of absorbent was less than or equal to 1.0 kg/t CO2, and the total investment (excluding tax) of the project was 13.8398 million yuan. When the CO2 sales price (excluding tax) was 203.43 Yuan/t, the yield was 0 %, and when the CO2 sales price (excluding tax) was 260.949 Yuan/t, the yield was 8 %. The feasibility study research conclusions indicated that the project was technically and economically feasible.

Production Layout Design for Modified Cassava Flour-Based Product

Having an increasing trend in demand for healthy food and the government's support in meeting the cassava needs, this study aims to improve the scale of production of Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) by applying the systematic layout planning (SLP) method. This method is used to review the existing conditions of the production process and design a new layout for scaling up production. The result of the new layout is an ideal condition and a stable production target, but it is implemented gradually. By adopting systematic layout planning, it is expected to improve production efficiency and optimize resource utilization. This study provides useful information for the food industry in improving Mocaf production scale and can also contribute to research on production management and production layout

Elderly-friendly indoor vertical dimensional layout method based on joint mobility.

The vertical dimensional arrangement of space is primarily influenced by the reachable range of human fingertips. Currently, this dimensional layout analysis concentrates solely on static body dimensions based on Farley's principle. However, the joint mobility of the elderly population has diminished, necessitating the identification of the factors influencing the age-friendly spatial vertical dimension layout through experimentation. A random sample of 62 adults and 62 elderly individuals were selected to measure the joint mobility of 8 groups with varying comfort levels. The measurement results were analyzed using an independent sample t-test with SPSS software. The joint mobility of the elderly group exhibited a notable difference from that of the adult group across distinct comfort gradients. A significant reduction in the range of motion of all joints in the elderly was observed. The findings suggest that the reachable range of the upper limbs of the elderly should be considered in conjunction with joint mobility. We propose a vertical dimensional layout method for residential spaces that accommodates the joint mobility of elderly users. The joint mobility of the elderly is significantly deteriorating, and the traditional vertical spatial layout method cannot adequately support the daily life of the elderly. It is essential to integrate the joint mobility factor into the vertical dimensional layout design process. In this paper, we propose an elderly-friendly vertical spatial dimension layout method. It offers a reference for subsequent planning of elderly-friendly vertical dimension layout.

Research on Promotion Pathways for Zero-Emission Medium- and Heavy-Duty Trucks: A Case Study of Hainan Island

Promoting the use of zero-emission vehicles is an important measure for reducing pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions from medium- and heavy-duty trucks (MHDTs). This study took Hainan Island as an example. Based on big data such as industrial layout and traffic flow, it clarified that the main channels of freight transportation on Hainan Island are concentrated in the northern region, including the surrounding areas of Haikou; the important ports of Haikou, Yangpu, and Basuo; and Chengmai and Tunchang counties. Furthermore, pathways for the promotion of zero-emission MHDTs are proposed, which can reduce exhaust emissions by 1549 tons of NOx, 62 tons of particulate matter (PM), and 3.60 million tons of CO2 by 2030. Compared with the vehicle type categorization plan, the spatial layout plan can achieve higher emission reduction benefits in the medium term (2025). In addition, in conjunction with existing policies and planning requirements, this study also puts forward policy suggestions for the promotion of zero-emission MHDTs.

Variations in the Spatial Distribution of Smart Parcel Lockers in the Central Metropolitan Region of Tianjin, China: A Comparative Analysis before and after COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in e-commerce, which has prompted residents to shift their purchasing habits from offline to online. As a result, Smart Parcel Lockers (SPLs) have emerged as an accessible end-to-end delivery service that fits into the pandemic strategy of maintaining social distance and no-contact protocols. Although numerous studies have examined SPLs from various perspectives, few have analyzed their spatial distribution from an urban planning perspective, which could enhance the development of other disciplines in this field. To address this gap, we investigate the distribution of SPLs in Tianjin’s central urban area before and after the pandemic (i.e., 2019 and 2022) using kernel density estimation, average nearest neighbor analysis, standard deviation elliptic, and geographical detector. Our results show that, in three years, the number of SPLs has increased from 51 to 479, and a majority were installed in residential communities (i.e., 92.2% in 2019, and 97.7% in 2022). We find that SPLs were distributed randomly before the pandemic, but after the pandemic, SPLs agglomerated and followed Tianjin’s development pattern. We identify eight influential factors on the spatial distribution of SPLs and discuss their individual and compound effects. Our discussion highlights potential spatial distribution analysis, such as dynamic layout planning, to improve the allocation of SPLs in city planning and city logistics.

Climate suitability division of solar greenhouse in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

To resolve the issue of scientific planning and rational layout of different vegetable greenhouses in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we selected the days of low temperature in winter, sunshine hours, overcast days, extreme minimum temperature, days of monsoon disaster, days of snow cover in production season of greenhouse as the climate zoning indicators, based on ground-based observation data from 119 meteorological stations (1991 to 2020) and the growing demand of leafy and fruity vegetables in greenhouse, combined with the analysis of key meteorological factors in production season and the study of meteorological disaster indicators such as low temperature and cold damage, wind disaster, snow disaster. We analyzed the indices, classification and division of comprehensive climate suitability zoning of leafy and fruity vegetables at various slopes (35°, 40°) of solar greenhouse by the weighted sum method. The results showed that the climatic suitability zoning grades of leafy and fruity vegetables at 35° and 40° slope of greenhouse was highly consistent, and that the greenhouse climate suitability of leafy vegetables was higher than that of fruity vegetables in the same region. As the slope increased, wind disaster index decreased and snow disaster index increased. Climate suitability was different in areas affected by wind and snow disasters. The northeast of the study area was mainly affected by snow disasters, and the climate suitability of 40° slope was higher than 35°. The southeast of the study area was mainly affected by wind disasters, and the climate suitability of 35° slope was higher than 40°. Alxa League, Hetao Irrigation District, Tumochuan Plain, most parts of Ordos, southeast of Yanshan foothills and the south of West Liaohe Plain were the most suitable area for the solar greenhouse, because they had the suitable solar and hot resources and the low risks of wind and snow damage, which were also the key development areas of current and future facility agriculture. Due to the deficiency of solar and hot resources, high energy consumption in greenhouse production and frequent snow storms, the area around Khingan range in the northeast of Inner Mongolia was unsuitable for greenhouse.

A Design Proposal for Improving Daylight Availability of a Deep-Plan Classroom by Using Tubular Daylight Guidance Systems and Movable Shading Devices

The use of daylight in educational settings has a significant impact on the well-being, attention, and academic achievement of students. However, providing adequate daylighting without glare can be difficult, especially in deep-plan layout classrooms, because daylight is not constant and its strength varies with distance from the façade, necessitating the use of additional solutions frequently. In this study, tubular daylight guidance systems (TDGS) and movable shading devices are proposed to increase daylight availability in the Yaşar University Faculty of Architecture Temporary Studio, which has a deep plan layout and receives daylight only from the southeast facade. The objective was to meet the LEED daylight evaluation requirements for each zone, which require sDA to be at least 55% and ASE to be at most 10% in the selected analysis area. To propose TDGS and movable shadings with the most efficient angles and positions; Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, and Climate Studio were used, and simulation results were validated by real-time measurements. The design proposal simulation results achieved a significant increase in daylight availability in the rear part of the room (zone 2-3), while glare was diminished near the façade (zone1). The proposed design strategy improved daylight availability through the room, demonstrating that the systems perform well together.

Experimental Study on Repairing the Mechanical Characteristics of Oil-Contaminated Silty Clay in Ancient Dike with Modified Lime Mortar.

Flood-controlled ancient dikes play a significant role in flood control and have received widespread attention as historical and cultural symbols. Flood-controlled ancient dikes often undergo disasters, and research on their repair is receiving increasing attention from experts and scholars. This article studies the control of seepage and bank slope instability in flood-controlled ancient dikes. Starting from the repair of ancient dike materials, three types of work are carried out: a test of soil's mechanical properties, finite element numerical simulation, and repair technology research. The research results show that the soil of the ancient dike site has hardened after being contaminated with waste oil from catering. The strength index of the ancient dike soil decreases and shows brittleness when the water content is 15% and the oil content exceeds 6%. The strength index and permeability coefficient of oil-contaminated soil improved using modified lime mortar (MLM), which was achieved using the method of MLM to repair oil contaminated soil. When the MLM content was 10% and the oil content was 6%, the friction angle of the soil sample reached its maximum value. When the MLM content was the same, the higher the density of the soil sample, the greater the friction angle and cohesion and the smaller the permeability coefficient. Establishing a finite element numerical model, through comparative analysis, it was found that after MLM remediation of oil-contaminated soil, the extreme hydraulic gradient of the ancient dike decreased by 31.3%, and the extreme safety factor of the bank slope stability increased by 31.2%. MLM pressure grouting technology was used to improve the soil during the remediation of contaminated soil at the ancient dike site. Through on-site drilling inspection, the effective diffusion radius of MLM grouting was obtained, and the plane layout and grouting depth of MLM pressure grouting were determined. The on-site water injection permeability test showed that using MLM pressure grouting technology can effectively repair oil-contaminated soil in the ancient dike while reducing the permeability coefficient by 8-15%.

An intelligent modeling framework to optimize the spatial layout of ocean moored buoy observing networks

This research is motivated by the practical requirements in the sustainable deployment of ocean moored buoy observing networks. Ocean moored buoys play an important role in the global marine environment monitoring. Ocean buoy station layout planning is a typical multiple-objective spatial optimization problem that aims to reduce the spatial correlation of buoy stations and improve their spatial monitoring efficiency. In this paper, we develop a multi-objective mathematical model for allocating ocean buoy stations (MOLMofOBS) based on Tobler’s first law of geography. A spatial neighborhood model based on a Voronoi diagram is built to represent the spatial proximity of distributed buoy stations and delimit the effective monitoring region of every station. Then, a heuristic method based on a multiple-objective particles swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is developed to calculate the MOLMofOBS via a dynamic inertia weight strategy. Meanwhile, a series of experiments is conducted to verify the efficiency of the proposed model and algorithms in solving single- and multiple-buoy station location problems. Finally, an interactive portal is developed in the Cyberinfrastructure environment to provide decision-making services for online real-time planning of the ocean buoy station locations. The work reported in this paper will provide spatial decision-making support for the sustainable development of ocean buoy observing networks.