Layout Modes Research Articles

The Optimum Design Criteria for On-demand Pressurized Microirrigation Network Systems: Optimizing Subunits with Paired Laterals based on the Maximum Size

A microirrigation network system is composed of a subunit and main pipeline network. Previous optimization studies generally focused on manifolds or lateral pipes in subunits or main pipeline networks and did not consider systems as a whole; thus, a true optimum was difficult to achieve. In this paper, a microirrigation network system is optimized as a whole, and an innovative approach is proposed to optimize the subunit based on a maximum size objective. Based on four optimization models of a subunit for two optimization objectives and two layout modes, this paper discusses the optimum design criteria for a microirrigation network system by using the lowest annual total cost per unit area of the system as a measurement index. Mathematical optimization models of the subunit and main pipeline network were established and solved with a genetic algorithm. The subunit was treated as a whole to avoid an artificial distribution for the allowable pressure difference between the laterals and manifold in the subunit. The Clement methodology was used to determine the flow rates of pipelines in the peak period of irrigation. The results indicated that the annual total cost per unit area of the microirrigation network system obtained based on the optimization results of subunit model SWPL-A was the lowest considering various parameters. The annual total cost per unit area of the microirrigation network system obtained based on the optimization results of the SWPL-A subunit model was 0.79–14.90%, 0.94–3.01% and 0.28–5.20% lower than the costs obtained based on the optimization results of the SWUL-F, SWPL-F and SWUL-A subunit models, respectively. The results of this paper have some practical significance for the optimization of on-demand pressurized microirrigation network systems and regional pipeline networks.

Analysis of spatial correlation of precoding indoor MIMO visible light communication system

In order to solve the problem of multi-user interference and the subchannel strength generated by the block diagonalization (BD) algorithm in multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) indoor visible light communication, the bit error rate of the indoor MU-MIMO visible light communication system is optimized by using the substream selected BD algorithm. This paper establishes the channel model for MU-MIMO indoor visible light communication and compares the channel spatial correlation between the 4×4 MIMO and 8×8 MIMO in different indoor system layout modes by using the control variable method and taking different parameters of LED and PD distance, the system capacity and bit error rate performance of substream selected BD algorithm and BD algorithm are compared and analyzed. The results show that with the continuous enhancement of spatial correlation, the bit error rate performance decreases, and the substream selected BD algorithm can bring a gain of more than 4 dB compared with BD algorithm.

Establishment of the Prognostic Index Reflecting Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Metabolism-Related Genes.

Background: The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) increased substantially in recent years. A systematic investigation of the metabolic genomics pattern is critical to improve the treatment and prognosis of LUAD. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between tumor microenvironment (TME) and metabolism-related genes of LUAD.Methods: The data was extracted from TCGA and GEO datasets. The metabolism-related gene expression profile and the corresponding clinical data of LUAD patients were then integrated. The survival-related genes were screened out using univariate COX regression and lasso regression analysis. The latent properties and molecular mechanisms of these LUAD-specific metabolism-related genes were investigated by computational biology.Results: A novel prognostic model was established based on 8 metabolism-related genes, including TYMS, ALDH2, PKM, GNPNAT1, LDHA, ENTPD2, NT5E, and MAOB. The immune infiltration of LUAD was also analyzed using CIBERSORT algorithms and TIMER database. In addition, the high- and low-risk groups exhibited distinct layout modes in the principal component analysis.Conclusions: In summary, our studies identified clinically significant metabolism-related genes, which were potential signature for LUAD diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis.

Web3D-based automatic furniture layout system using recursive case-based reasoning and floor field

Furniture layout in a virtual 3D scene is an important and challenging task, as it is time-consuming and requires experience. To address this issue, we propose automatic furniture layout algorithms to help users to rapidly generate reasonable layout results. Specifically, our algorithms divide a scene layout into four layout modes, namely, coupled mode, enclosed mode, matrix mode, and circular mode. Then each model is solved independently. The coupled mode is solved using recursive techniques and case-based reasoning. The enclosed mode is solved using floor field. The distance and angle among the furniture are determined by ergonomics guidelines. Finally, the layout results of the scene can be obtained by combining the solutions from these layout modes, and an evaluation method for the layout results based on user feedback is proposed. For a room with non-rectangular floor, our algorithms can also handle this case using shape standardization techniques. Based on our algorithms, an online 3D furniture layout system is developed. Many experiments are conducted on the system with the real interior design cases, and we compared our algorithms with other popular algorithms. The experimental results show that our algorithms are efficient and can meet the real response requirements of online furniture layout.

Mechanical behavior of concrete filled glass fiber reinforced polymer-steel tube under cyclic loading

The mechanical behavior of concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)-steel tube structures under combined seismic loading is investigated in this study. Four same-sized specimens with different GFRP layout modes were tested by a quasi-static test system. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also undertaken and the results were presented. Results of the numerical simulation compared well with those from experimental tests. Parametric analysis was conducted by using the FE models to evaluate the effects of GFRP thickness, axial compression rate, and cross sectional steel ratio. The experimental and numerical results show that the technique of GFRP strengthening is effective in improving the seismic performance of traditional concrete-filled steel tubes, with variations related to different GFRP layout modes.

CLOUD COMPUTING BASED INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING SCHEDULING SYSTEM USING THE QUALITY PREDICTION METHOD

This paper proposes the development of a cloud computing based intelligent manufacturing scheduling system (CBIMS) using the quality prediction method. A CBIMS continuously builds up many different production line layout modes. We use the cloud database for scattering and storing data, and the scheduling engine contains a sequence score system of products, an optimized layout system, and a monitoring system for all available resources. The results show the advantages, including low cost, good quality, production fluency, and flexible management.

Numerical study of heat-transfer enhancement by punched winglet-type vortex generator arrays in fin-and-tube heat exchangers

The potential of punched winglet type vortex generator (VG) arrays used to enhance air-side heat-transfer performance of finned tube heat exchanger is numerically investigated. The arrays are composed of two delta-winglet pairs with two layout modes of continuous and discontinuous winglets. The heat transfer performance of two array arrangements are compared to a conventional large winglet configuration for the Reynolds number ranging from 600 to 2600 based on the tube collar diameter, with the corresponding frontal air velocity ranging from 0.54 to 2.3m/s. The effects of different geometry parameters that include attack angle of delta winglets (β=10deg, β=20deg, β=30deg) and the layout locations are examined. The numerical results show that for the punched VG cases, the effectiveness of the main vortex to the heat transfer enhancement is not fully dominant while the “corner vortex” also shows significant effect on the heat transfer performance. Both heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop increase with the increase of attack angle β for the side arrangements; the arrays with discontinuous winglets show the best heat transfer enhancement, and a significant augmentation of up to 33.8–70.6% in heat transfer coefficient is achieved accompanied by a pressure drop penalty of 43.4–97.2% for the 30deg case compared to the plain fin. For the front arrangements of VGs higher heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty can be obtained compared to that of the side arrangement cases; the case with front continuous winglet arrays has the maximum value of j/f, a corresponding heat transfer improvement of 36.7–81.2% and a pressure drop penalty of 60.7–135.6%.

Evaluation on Band Area Roadway Layout Mode Based on Value Engineering

This paper is based on basic principle, thought and method of the Value Engineering, with the theory of the system for guide, and has adopted the analytical method of Value Engineering. It uses research approach which qualitative analysis combines with quantitative analysis, and analyzed the band area roadway layout modes by Value Engineering.