rGO Layers Research Articles

Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes for Water Purification Applications: Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Adhesion and Stability of the Synthesized Membranes

The adhesion enhancement of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layer in the underlying polyethersulfone (PES) microfiltration membrane is a crucial step towards developing a high-performance membrane for water purification applications. In the present study, we modified the surface of a PES microfiltration membrane with plasma treatment (PT) carried out at different times (2, 10, and 20 min). We studied the effect of PT on the adhesion, stability, and performance of the synthesized GO/rGO-PES membranes. The membranes’ surface morphology and chemistry were characterized using atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The membrane performance was evaluated by conducting a diffusion test for potassium chloride (KCl) ions through the synthesized membranes. The results revealed that the 2 min PT enhanced the adhesion and stability of the deposited GO/rGO layer when compared to the other plasma-treated membranes. This was associated with an increase in the KCl ion rejection from ~27% to 57%. Surface morphology analysis at a high magnification was performed for the synthesized membranes before and after the diffusion test. Although the membrane’s rejection was improved, the analysis revealed that the GO layers suffered from micro/nano cracks, which negatively affected the membrane’s overall performance. The use of the rGO layer, however, helped in minimizing the GO cracks and enhanced the KCl ion rejection to approximately 94%. Upon increasing the number of rGO deposition cycles from three to five, the performance of the developed rGO-PES membrane was further improved, as confirmed by the increase in its ion rejection to ~99%.

Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide/BiVO4 nanorod as high performance photoanode for water oxidation

A Co3O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/BiVO4 photoanode structure is fabricated for achieving excellent photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. rGO behaving as a metal extracts holes from the underlying BiVO4 light absorption layer and Co3O4 plays the role of a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. The Co3O4/rGO/BiVO4 photoanode shows a remarkable photocurrent density of 2.8 mA cm−2 at 2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5G solar light irradiation, which is a four-fold increase compared to that of pristine BiVO4. The photocurrent generated by coating of the catalytic Co3O4 and rGO layers onto BiVO4 is ~93% of that generated in an electrolyte with a hole scavenger, which demonstrates the critical roles of the Co3O4 and rGO catalysts in the high PEC water splitting performance of the Co3O4/rGO/BiVO4 photoanode. The fabricated photoelectrode also shows highly stable photocurrent density for at least 3 h.

Highly selective CO2 gas sensor using stabilized NiO-In2O3 nanospheres coated reduced graphene oxide sensing electrodes at room temperature

In this present work we report on room temperature operative carbon dioxide gas sensing electrodes developed by simple sonication assisted hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal treatment enhances decoration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers with various ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4) of nickel oxide and indium oxide nanoparticles respectively by using strong reductant hydrazine hydrate. The physiochemical, morphological and gas sensing properties of prepared pristine and composites were studied systematically and confirms the presence of materials without other impurities and high selectivity towards CO2. The fabricated sensor rGO-8:2 shows high sensitivity of 40% towards CO2 at 50 ppm. In addition, the sensor can detect up to 5 ppm concentration with quick response time of 6 s and recovery of 5 s. The optimized amount of indium addition with nickel oxide has a huge influence in CO2 sensing. This improved sensing behavior was due to the chemical combination between the rGO - metal oxides and the electronic sensitization between the surface p-n heterojunction formations. Electrode withstands long term stability of 95% for the period of 50 days when tested with 10 days interval. This simple and cost effective method will be a potential candidate for fabricating room temperature CO2 gas sensor.

Sensitive electrochemical platform for trace determination of Pb2+ based on multilayer Bi-MOFs/reduced graphene oxide films modified electrode.

A multilayer Bi-BTC/reduced graphene oxide (Bi-BTC/rGO) (BTC, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) film electrode was adopted to construct a highly sensitive Pb2+ electrochemical sensor. The multilayer Bi-BTC/rGO films were prepared via alternate cast of Bi-BTC and graphene oxide (GO) on a glassy carbon electrode, followed by electro-reduction of the GO components. Bi-BTC has porous broom-like structure and its organic ligand has abundant functional groups, which are favorable for Pb2+ adsorption and preconcentration. The introduction of rGO layer improves the conductivity of the MOFs material. Moreover, the multilayer composite structure greatly increased the exposure of active sites and the surface area of reactive contact, finally realizing the highly sensitive detection of Pb2+. Pb2+ was determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and the response current was recorded at - 0.62V. The [Bi-BTC/rGO]2 electrode provides a wide linear response ranging from 0.062 to 20.72μg/L and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.021μg/L (S/N = 3) for Pb2+, which is lower than the guideline value proposed by the World Health Organization. The method has been applied to determine Pb2+ in industrial wastewater with recoveries of 99.2-104% and RSDs of 3.4-4.0% (n= 3). Graphical abstract Graphical abstract Schematic representation of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of Pb2+ was designed based on long broom-like structure bismuth(II) metallic organic framework/reduced graphene oxide ([Bi-BTC /rGO]2).

Emerging ternary nanocomposite of rGO draped palladium oxide/polypyrrole for high performance supercapacitors

In this work, novel electrodeposited palladium oxide-polypyrrole (PdP) and its ternary composite with reduced graphene oxide (PdPGO) draped over the surface of PdP were synthesised to achieve the excellent electrochemical properties and high stability. An exhaustive study has been carried out to correlate the crystalline structure, chemical bonding, morphological behaviour, redox reactions at the electroactive species, and its promising influences on the electrochemical performance. The electrodeposited PdPGO composite on stainless steel bestows superior electrochemical properties and a specific capacitance of 595 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 1 M H2SO4. The incorporation of rGO with the PdP matrix prevents the aggregation of rGO layers and is responsible for the enhanced electrostatic interactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface in PdPGO. Outstanding supercapacitance retention of 88% even after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1 was accomplished for the ternary composite of Pd. These profound electrochemical characteristics are due to the synergistic effect of the individual components involved, manifest a great potential for Pd based composites toward novel electrode materials for supercapacitors of high efficiency. This method facilitates blueprints for synthesizing a series of advanced electrode materials for enhancing high storage capability. The high electrochemical performance of the PdPGO reveals how synergy plays a very important role to work on the blueprint to create active electrode materials for energy storage solutions.

Preparation of sandwich-like CNs@rGO nanocomposites with enhanced microwave absorption properties

Herein, functionalized carbon nanospheres (CNs) are encapsulated within reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers as a high-performance microwave-absorbing material. The obtained sandwich-like CNs@rGO nanocomposite is characterized by a well-matched characteristic impedance and multiple dielectric relaxation processes, resulting in a strong reflection loss (–33.09 dB at 14.01 GHz) and broad effective bandwidth of 12.2–17.6 GHz (5.4 GHz) with a low thickness of 2.0 mm, which is superior to many reported carbon absorbers and even some magnetic absorbers. This remarkable microwave absorption property is ascribed to the sandwich structure, indicating that the as-prepared sandwich-like CNs@rGO nanocomposites are potential candidates for lightweight microwave absorption materials.

Mechanism of Nanocomposite Formation in the Layer-by-Layer Single-Step Electropolymerization of π-Conjugated Azopolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide: An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study.

This work presents a study of the formation mechanism of electrochemically deposited alternating layers of azopolymer and graphene oxide, as well as a systematic study of the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite films by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The nanocomposite films were constructed by cyclic electropolymerization, which allowed for the assembly of thin films with alternating azopolymers and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers in one step. Morphological characterizations were performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and verified that the electrodeposition of the poly(azo-BBY) polymeric film occurred during the anodic sweep, and the deposition of graphene oxide sheets took place during the cathodic sweep. By analyzing the electrochemical impedance spectra using equivalent circuit models, variations in the resistance and capacitance values of the system were monitored as a function of the amount of electrodeposited material on the fluorine doped tin oxide electrode. In addition, the interfacial phenomena that occurred during the electroreduction of the rGO sheets were monitored with the same method.

The electro-catalytic activity of nanosphere strontium doped zinc oxide with rGO layers screen-printed carbon electrode for the sensing of chloramphenicol

Sorting out several toxic threats related to the nominal dosage of drugs, chloramphenicol (CAP) was chosen as a growing emergence of detection. Combined properties of transition metal oxides and rare earth metals were utilized for detection of CAP. Herein, strontium doped zinc oxide with reduced graphene oxide (Sr-ZnO@rGO) was synthesized and employed as an electrochemical sensor on account of good electrical conductivity, large surface area and the electroreduction towards CAP with screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as a fabrication electrode. Besides, Sr-ZnO@rGO was synthesized via hydrothermal method that offers good morphologies, surface area, the temperature-controlled process and further implied. In addition, their structural, morphological and elemental composition were investigated with x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Electrochemical sensing analysis was carried out with cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry techniques utilizing (Sr-ZnO@rGO/SPCE). The redox response of chloramphenicol was investigated with the limit of detection 0.131 μ mol L-1 with a linear range of 0.190 to 410.84 μ mol L-1 and 653.06 to 2847.14μ mol L-1 was estimated. The sensitivity was about 1.0554 μA μM-1cm−2. The better performance of Sr-ZnO@rGO/SPCE proved to be an efficient electrochemical sensor for the detection of chloramphenicol with the real sample analysis with milk and powdered milk samples.

Flower like SnO2-Fe2O3-rGO ternary composite as highly efficient visible light induced photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants from contaminated water

The ternary composites are facile, eco-friendly materials with high porosity, great surface region and much more other improved properties than pristine metal oxides. In view of that, we have fabricated ternary nanocomposites SnO2–Fe2O3–rGO (SFR) by using different GO loadings (0.5, 1, 3 and 5%) were acquired through hydrothermal synthesis and as synthesized composites were further characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, FESEM, EDX, Raman, PL, DRS and UV–vis spectrophotometer. SnO2 exhibits a flower-like structure with a smooth surface and SnO2-Fe2O3 distributed among rGO layer which indicates SFR composite is flexible and suitable to use as good photocatalyst. EDX spectrum and XRD patterns confirmed that synthesized SFR ternary composite was formed purely without impurities. The bandgap energy also measured for prepared all samples, of them SFR-1% composite exhibits lesser (1.78 eV) hence possess better photocatalytic efficiency. Visible light irradiations contributes great photocatalytic efficacy of characterized samples over model dye contaminant Methylene blue (MB) which completely degraded (98.3%) by SFR-1% composite in 3 h. The outstanding photocatalyst SFR-1% composite can be recycled and stable for successive five runs. Meanwhile, two more pollutants like 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) and Crystal violet (CV) were also significantly degraded by hydrothermally synthesized ternary nanocomposite (SFR-1%) efficiently and compared the degradation rates with binary composite (SnO2-Fe2O3) and pure metal oxides. The results stated that SFR-1% composite showing greater photocatalytic efficacy for the degradation of dye contaminants.

An Al-assisted GO/rGO Janus film: Fabrication and hygroscopic properties

In this paper, we present a novel method combining drop-casting GO dispersion with an Al-assisted partial reduction technique to fabricate a freestanding Janus GO/rGO film. The laminar structure of Janus film facilitates the diffusion pathway of water molecules efficiently. The asymmetrical oxygen content of the film promotes a significant gradient of moisture uptake in GO (hydrophilic) and rGO (hydrophobic) layers, resulting in a macroscopic deformation of the Janus film proportional to the change in relative humidity. The induced strain in the film changes the resistance of the rGO film, which systematically varies as a function of the strain amplitude or equivalently the change in relative humidity. In the range of relative humidity (5 to 100%), the resistance increases gradually with measurable change in response to a change in relative humidity (RH) as low as 1%, with the change being steeper at RH >85%. The results provide foundational knowledge for developing a relative humidity sensor with high sensitivity, excellent repeatability, and fast response-recovery without the complexity of the currently available interdigitated transducer-based humidity sensors.

Superior antibacterial activity of reduced graphene oxide upon decoration with iron oxide nanorods

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanorods (NRs) decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite, endowed with high antibacterial activity, was prepared through the one-pot calcination of pre-synthesized Fe2O3 NRs in rGO aqueous dispersion. The Fe2O3 NRs were well infused between the rGO layers as revealed by the AFM, SEM, and TGA analysis, whereas the removal and distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups were distinguished with UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposite towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), and ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CRSA) was investigated by disk diffusion method and growth curve analysis. The nanocomposite demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity as compared to bare rGO and inhibited nearly 87 % of the bacterial growth. The CRSA was more sensitive to nanocomposite compare MRSA and VRSA. More importantly, the nanocomposite obtained was found to achieve minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ∼ 5 μg/mL. Besides, measurements of the charge transfer resistance, which is used to interpret bacterial response towards rGO or Fe2O3/rGO modified glassy carbon electrode, were performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The noteworthy antibacterial performance of the Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposite was probably attributed to the synergistic effect Fe2O3 NRs decorated rGO. The mechanism study suggested that nanocomposite can induce death to the bacteria by direct contact with the sharp edges of rGO and through the release of Fe3+ ions. The data, altogether, indicated that the Fe2O3 NRS decoration of rGO resulted in nanocomposite with enhanced antibacterial performance, hence, it may be used for developing new, safe, and effective antibiotics.

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated Microfiber Patterns Enable Controllable Formation of Neuronal-Like Networks.

Scaffold-guided formation of neuronal-like networks, especially under electrical stimulation, can be an appealing avenue toward functional restoration of injured nervous systems. Here, 3D conductive scaffolds are fabricated based on printed microfiber constructs using near-field electrostatic printing (NFEP) and graphene oxide (GO) coating. Various microfiber patterns are obtained from poly(l-lactic acid-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) using NFEP and complexity is achieved via modulating the fiber overlay angles (45°, 60°, 75°, 90°), fiber diameters (15 to 148µm), and fiber spatial organization (spider web and tubular structure). Upon coating GO onto PLCL microfibers via a layer-by-layer (L-b-L) assembly technique and in situ reduction into reduced GO (rGO), the obtained conductive scaffolds, with 25-50 layers of rGO, demonstrate superior conductivity (≈0.95 S cm-1 ) and capability of inducing neuronal-like network formation along the conductive microfibers under electrical stimulation (100-150mV cm-1 ). Both electric field (0-150mV cm-1 ) and microfiber diameter (17-150µm) affect neurite outgrowth (PC-12 cells and primary mouse hippocampal neurons) and the formation of orientated neuronal-like networks. With further demonstration of such guidance to neuronal cells, these conductive scaffolds may see versatile applications in nerve regeneration and neural engineering.

FeS/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite as Anode Material with Enhanced Performance for Lithium-ion Battery

FeS/Reduced graphene oxide(RGO) were synthesized successfully using a facile calcination method followed by a coprecipitation process. The structure and morphology were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Afterwards, the electrochemical performances were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical impedance(EIS), and charge/discharge techniques. The results reveal the following three points. First, compared with pure FeS, FeS/RGO composite material has a higher specific capacity. Second, the existence of RGO layers can enhance the electrochemical conductivity for overall electrodes. Third, the FeS/RGO composite showed outstanding coulombic efficiency and good cycling stability.

Efficient Room Temperature Hydrogen Gas Sensor Using ZnO Nanoparticles-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid

In this work, a highly sensitive room-temperature hydrogen gas-sensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) nanohybrid structure is reported. ZnO NPs were grown by chemical deposition method while the rGO layer was produced by the electrochemical exfoliation using tetramethyle ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as organic solvent and then drop-casted on the ZnO NPs layer.The detailed morphological [Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM)] and structural [Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)] analysis were carried out to compare different properties of pristine ZnO NPs and rGO-ZnO NPs hybrid structure.The rGO-ZnO NPs nanohybrid sensor with a Pd-Ag (70 %) catalytic contact was tested for five different hydrogen concentrations (e.g. 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 ppm) in synthetic air at room temperature (RT). The sensor showed 484.1 % response magnitude with 21.04 s and 47.09 s response and recovery time at 100 ppm H2. A comparative study explaining the role of rGO-ZnO heterojunction co-relating the experimental findings has also been presented. The physics behind this room temperature sensing has been discussed thoroughly with supportive band diagram.

XRD characterization of graphene-contacted perovskite solar cells: moisture degradation and dark-resting recovery

Abstract The instability of emerging perovskite solar cells at moisture (humidity) exposure is now the main target of many research groups. The moisture instability impedes the up-scaling of the solution processing perovskite solar cells for large production lines. Analyzing the crystallinity of perovskite film can reveal the sensitivity against humidity at air exposure under light and the recovery dynamic at dark conditions. In this paper, X-ray diffraction has been deployed as a reliable characterization method to detect the film crystallinity and defect formation in perovskite films. We prepared Perovskite solar cells with reduced graphene oxide as the hole transporting layer aiming to protect the perovskite layer from direct exposure to air oxygen and decomposition. Graphene has excellent heat conductivity and will accelerate the heat dissipation and light-induced degradation. It can also reduce the PbI2 defective layer formation on the perovskite surface. We have stressed the fabricated cell under light at air exposure for 30, and 45 days to track the degradation rate and then rested them in dark for 45 days to recover the performance and film crystallinity. The results were interesting: the grain size of perovskite layer reduced and the defect layer became thicker under the light of 30 and 45 days. Then a reverse phenomenon occurs at dark rest for 45 days and the grain size recovers slightly whereas the defect layer shrinks somewhat. We also observe peak (200) related to rGO layer which vanishes after 45 days and only a single peak (101) remains and becomes stronger after 45 days’ dark rest. The lattice constants of the films were calculated and the phase recovery was analyzed. The dynamic crystallinity is an additional instability source for perovskite photovoltaics.

The Addition of Reduced Graphene Oxide Layer to TiO<sub>2 </sub>Photoanode of DSSC Using UV Oven Spraying Method

The third generation of photovoltaic, called as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have attracted much attention and currently become an interesting research topics. One important part of DSSC that determines its performance is photoanodes. Recently, graphene has been used to enhance the efficiency of DSSC through the increasing of electronic transportation. Introduction of graphene into DSSC is realized by changing the form of graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through the reduction process. In this work, DSSC based on TiO2 photoanodes modified by rGO were fabricated. rGO layer was deposited on TiO2 mesoporous layer using UV-oven spraying method. We found that parameters of DSSC such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current and fill factor increase with the incorporation of rGO layer in TiO2photoanodes. DSSC with TiO2/rGO photoanodes has the highest power conversion efficiency of 11.01% which contributed from the enhancement of short circuit current. The rGO layer found to be an effective layer to block charge recombination in photoanode.

Producing "Symbiotic" Reduced Graphene Oxide/Mn3O4 Nanocomposites Directly from Converting Graphite for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Almost all existing methods for preparing reduced graphene oxide/Mn3O4 (RGO/Mn3O4) composites are based on the synthetized graphene or graphene oxides (GO), which make them complicated and high-cost processes. Here, we reported a new method, which is able to convert graphite directly to RGO/Mn3O4 composites. Thus, it is simpler, more economical, and productive. The structure of RGO/Mn3O4 inheriting intermediate product GO/MnO2 composites that are formed by the present method is a novel three-dimensional “multilayer steamed bread” nanostructure, which constitutes mutually beneficial “symbiosis”. The nano-Mn3O4 supports the space between RGO layers and further to the combination of RGO to self-assemble into large-sized (>40 μm) nanocomposites. Meanwhile, the formed Mn3O4 particles were small (60 × 10 nm2) in diameter and distributed homogeneously without the use of any template and surfactant. Because the structure and nanosize of composite cause the excellent electrochemical properties, RGO/Mn3O4 electrodes deliver an enhanced specific capacitance of 438.7 F/g at 0.3 A/g and outstanding cyclic stability (77.5% of its initial capacitance is retained after 1000 cycles).

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, MoS2\u2013rGo based optoelectronic hybrids for NO2 gas sensing

A simple method is developed through drop-casting techniques to assemble a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) to perform as an optoelectronic device for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensing at room temperature. The VACNT not only forms an ohmic contact with the hybrid material, but also yields a weak charge impurity scattering in the rGo layers across the channel. These features dramatically affect the optical response of the device to the light through which improve the photoresponsivity by up to 236% and the response time by up to 40% compared to the Au contacted device. Next, the fabricated MoS2–rGo/VACNTs device is employed as a resistor gas sensor for NO2 under in situ exposure to the light at room temperature. Under laser illumination, the sensor demonstrates a high sensitivity of ~ 41% at an inlet NO2 concentration of 100 ppm with a complete recovery time of ~ 150 s which shows comparable improvements relative to the sensor performance in dark condition.

Enhanced sodium storage in strongly-combined MoS2/rGO nanocomposite: Constructed by ionic liquid induced layer-by-layer self-assembly

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising anode material for sodium ion battery. Nevertheless, the semi-conductive feature and closely stacked nanostructure hinder its application. Moreover, the uncontrolled geometric structure and loose combination with high-conductive matrix lead to a limited Na+ diffusion path and easy-destroyed structure. Here, a strongly-combined MoS2/rGO nanosheet structure is realized by ionic liquid induced layer-by-layer self-assembly approach. The ionic liquid works well as bi-functional assisted solvent to induce the uniform growth of MoS2 on rGO layers and to maintain the large-scale morphology of rGO nanosheet. The enlarged interlayer distance between S–Mo–S adjacent planes facilitates the fast Na+ transport. The well-maintained rGO layer affords favorable tolerance to the volume change of MoS2 and increases the conductivity as well. Density function theory calculations demonstrate that the enlarged interlayer reduces the diffusion energy barriers of Na+ and accelerates the reaction kinetics. Benefitting from the strong bonding between few-layered MoS2 nanoflake and well-maintained 2D rGO nanosheet, the MoS2/rGO composite exhibits a high specific capacity (581.7 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA g−1), remarkable rate capability (309.2 mA h g−1 at 12.8 A g−1) and excellent cycling stability (263.2 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 3 A g−1).

Interfacial design principle of sodiophilicity-regulated interlayer deposition in a sandwiched sodium metal anode

Sodium (Na) metal anodes provide the base for the high specific energy of rechargeable Na batteries. However, non-uniform dendrite growth, volume change, and low Coulombic efficiency of Na metal anodes cause safety concerns and poor cyclability, hindering the practical applications of Na batteries. Herein, we proposed an interfacial design principle to construct sodiophilicity-regulated Na metal anodes. Through modeling the interfacial interaction that appears in a sodiated Sn-O-C system, we discovered and experimentally confirmed that the intermediate phases of Na2O and/or Na15Sn4 lower the nucleation overpotentials and guide the Na deposition because of the strong binding to Na metal. More importantly, the poor cyclability caused by the loss of sodiophilic sites can be dramatically improved by designing a strong interaction between sodiophilic agents and conductive scaffolds. Following the principle, we sandwiched SnO2 nanodots between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) layers to form a monolithic Na metal anode and pre-coated it with artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The resultant layered sandwich structure enables a unique interlayer Na deposition through the thickness direction, thereby leading to a stable SEI and enhanced cyclability. This interfacial principle provides a rational design basis for durable and efficient Na metal anodes.