Layer Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Self-Propelled Tubular Micromotors Powered by Hydrogen Bubbles under Mild Conditions: A Major Step toward Biological Applications with Live Cells.

Polymer-based tubular micromotors, featuring an inner layer of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs), exhibit vigorous propulsion by emitting H2 bubbles in an aqueous ammonia borane (NH3BH3) solution. The hydrolysis of NH3BH3 on the PtNPs facilitates the continuous release of H2 gas from the open-end terminus, driving its forward movement. Unlike conventional O2 bubbles' systems that rely on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as fuel, these micromotors can operate in the presence of live cells within the NH3BH3 medium. Consequently, micromotors functionalized with the lectin concanavalin A demonstrate the capability to capture and release Escherichia coli (E. coli) without inducing cell death. Remaining bacteria can be detected by using standard culture techniques. Conversely, micromotors coated with TiO2 nanoparticles enable photosterilization of E. coli without fuel-induced damage. The self-stirring motion of the tubes enhances both bacterial capture and sterilization efficiency. These advancements obviate the necessity for H2O2 as a fuel source, and pave the way for the applications of micromotors in biological contexts.

Advancing Multi‐Optical Performances in Lanthanide‐Doped Fluoride Core@Shell Nanoarchitectures by Minimizing Cation Intermixing

AbstractCore/shell structures are widely employed to enhance photoluminescence efficiency and manipulate excitation dynamics in lanthanide‐doped fluoride nanoparticles (NPs). However, prominent cation intermixing leads to significant deviations from the expected optical performances, presenting a formidable challenge in a deeper understanding of the chemical processes involved, as well as developing efficient suppression methods. Here, a reliable and facile multi‐optical reference strategy to reveal the integral cation intermixing processes is designed. This strategy analyzes the presence of Ce3+ ions in the core (or shell) and their influences on near‐infrared light‐triggered upconversion (UC), ultraviolet (UV)‐activated downshifting (DS), and X‐ray‐excited optical/persistent luminescence (XEOL/XEPL) of Tb3+ ions in the shell (or core). The results demonstrate that a thin surface layer of core NPs dissolves to reach dissolution equilibrium, which then distributes throughout the entire shell layer, rather than being confined to an interfacial region. It is further developed an improved technique to greatly inhibit cation intermixing by successive shell growth with excessive cation precursors, enabling superior multi‐optical performances, including UC, DS, XEOL/XEPL, and time‐dependent multicolor evolution. The findings significantly advance the development of lanthanide‐doped fluoride core/shell NPs with superior optical performances, broadening their potential applications in bio‐medicine, healthcare, industrial inspection, and optical information science.

New Parameter for Benchmarking Plasmonic Gas Sensors Demonstrated with Densely Packed Au Nanoparticle Layers.

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gas sensitivity is introduced as a new parameter to evaluate the performance of plasmonic gas sensors. A model is proposed to consider the plasmonic sensors' surface sensitivity and plasmon decay length and correlate the LSPR response, measured upon gas exchange, with an equivalent refractive index change consistent with adsorbed gas layers. To demonstrate the applicability of this new parameter, ellipsoidal gold nanoparticles (NPs) arranged in densely packed hexagonal lattices were fabricated. The main advantages of these sensors are the small and tunable interparticle gaps (18-29 nm) between nanoparticles (diameters: 72-88 nm), with their robust and scalable fabrication technology that allows the well-ordered arrangement to be maintained on a large (cm2 range) area. The LSPR response of the sensors was tested using an LSPR sensing system by switching the gas atmosphere between inorganic gases, namely He/Ar and Ar/CO2, at constant pressure and room temperature. It was shown that this newly proposed parameter can be generally used for benchmarking plasmonic gas sensors and is independent of the type and pressure of the tested gases for a sensor structure. Furthermore, it resolves the apparent disagreement when comparing the response of plasmonic sensors tested in liquids and gases.

Probing the Nanonewton Mitotic Cell Deformation Force by Ion-Resonance-Enhanced Photonics Force Microscopy.

Mechanical forces are essential for regulating dynamic changes in cellular activities. A comprehensive understanding of these forces is imperative for unraveling fundamental mechanisms. Here, we develop a microprobe capable of facilitating the measurement of biological forces up to nanonewton levels in living cells. This probe is designed by coating the core of anatase titania particles with amorphous titania and silica shells and an upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) layer. Leveraging both antireflection and ion resonance effects from the shells, the optically trapped probe attains a maximum lateral optical trap stiffness of 14.24 pN μm-1 mW-1, surpassing the best reported value by a factor of 3. Employing this advanced probe in a photonic force microscope, we determine the elasticity modulus of mitotic HeLa cells as 1.27 ± 0.3 kPa. Nanonewton probes offer the potential to explore 3D cellular mechanics with unparalleled precision and spatial resolution, fostering a deeper understanding of the underlying biomechanical mechanisms.

Enzymeless Gabapentin Sensor Based on Prussian Blue-modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes for Sensing Gabapentin in Capsules

Background: In this study, we reported on developing a susceptible, accurate, simple, and economical electrochemical sensor for gabapentin determination in capsules. Methods: The ITO electrode was modified with a layer of Prussian blue nanoparticles and then used as the working electrode. Gabapentin was extracted from commercial capsules, and a series of concentrations of gabapentin were prepared for studying the efficacy of the proposed sensor. The electrochemical measurements were performed using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. Results: The sensitivity and selectivity of the developed electrode toward gabapentin in different interferences, including citric acid, glucose, and urea, were investigated. The modified electrode showed detection and quantification limits of 31.58 and 94.74 nM, respectively, over a dynamic range of concentrations from 100 nM to 3 μM. Conclusion: The proposed sensor displayed a high sensitivity and selectivity for monitoring gabapentin in pharmaceutical drugs without a noticeable interference. Hence, the modified electrodes are great candidates for gabapentin routine analysis.

A versatile superhydrophilic/air-superoleophobic glass fiber membrane: Fabrication and application in oil/water separation

Superwetting materials have received extensive interest owing to their potential for efficient oil/water separation. Herein, a superhydrophilic-superoleophobic glass fiber membrane was fabricated through a simple spraying coating method. The membrane was coated with a composite layer of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), fluorosurfactant (FS-50) and TiO2 nanoparticles. Accordingly, both hydrophilic groups (i.e., -OH) and oleophobic groups (i.e., fluorinated groups) were distributed on the membrane, and its surface roughness was improved by TiO2. The contact angles of water and oil on the coated membrane were 0° and 156.8° in air, respectively. By virtue of its selective permeability, it demonstrated separation efficiencies larger than 99.2 % for oil/water mixtures, which remained 98.7 % after 40 separation cycles. Furthermore, its separation efficiencies for oil-in-water emulsions were over 98.3 %, which remained 98 % after 10 separation cycles. Owing to its strong superoleophobicity, it displayed prominent anti-oil-fouling performance both in air and underwater. Besides, presence of TiO2 endowed it with photocatalytic capability, enabling it to recover from organic dye pollution. Moreover, the coated membrane maintained superoleophobic after 10 sandpaper-abrading or squeezing cycles. It also exhibited excellent stability under acid/alkali/salt conditions. The study provided new insights for constructing superwetting materials and an effective strategy for oil/water separation.

Characterization and biological activity of selenium nanoparticles biosynthesized by Yarrowia lipolytica.

In this research, biogenic selenium nanoparticles were produced by the fungi Yarrowia lipolytica, and the biological activity of its nanoparticles was studied for the first time. The electron microscopy analyses showed the production of nanoparticles were intracellular and the resulting particles were extracted and characterized by XRD, zeta potential, FESEM, EDX, FTIR spectroscopy and DLS. These analyses showed amorphous spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 110 nm and a Zeta potential of -34.51 ± 2.41 mV. Signatures of lipids and proteins were present in the capping layer of biogenic selenium nanoparticles based on FTIR spectra. The antimicrobial properties of test strains showed that Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis were inhibited at concentrations between 160 and 640 μg/mL, while the growth of Candida albicans was hindered by 80 μg/mL of biogenic selenium nanoparticles. At concentrations between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/mL of biogenic selenium nanoparticles inhibited up to 50% of biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, the concentration of 20-640 μg/mL of these bioSeNPs showed antioxidant activity. Evaluating the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles on the HUVEC and HepG2 cell lines did not show any significant toxicity within MIC concentrations of SeNPs. This defines that Y. lipolytica synthesized SeNPs have strong potential to be exploited as antimicrobial agents against pathogens of WHO concern.

Magnetron sputtering formation of Germanium nanoparticles for electrochemical Lithium intercalation.

In the drive towards increased lithium based battery capacity, germanium is an attractive material due to its very high lithium storage capacity, second only to silicon. The persistent down-side is the considerable embrittlement accompanying its remarkable volume expansion of close to 300%. A proven method to accommodate for this lattice expansion is the reduction of the size towards the nanoscale at which the fracturing is prevented by "breathing". In this work we employed a novel magnetron sputtering gas aggregation nanoparticle generator to create unprecedented layers of well-defined germanium nanoparticles with sizes below 20 nm. The electrochemical lithium intercalation was monitored by a suite of techniques under which Raman spectroscopy, which provided clear evidence of the presence of lithium inside the germanium nanoparticles. Moreover, the degree of lattice order was measured and correlated to the initial phases of the lithium-germanium alloy. This was corroborated by electron diffraction and optical absorption spectroscopy, of which the latter provided a strong dielectric change upon lithium intercalation. This study of low lithium concentrations inside layers of well-defined and very small germanium nanoparticles, forms a new avenue towards significantly increasing the lithium battery capacity.

An amperometric stability study of titanium dioxide nanoparticle layer on interdigitated electrode contact based on morphology, structure, and surface-induced response

This paper investigates the amperometric stability of a Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle layer on an interdigitated electrode (IDE) to develop stable electronic devices. The devices were tested with varying numbers of spin-coat layers and annealing temperatures to achieve a TiO2 nanoparticle layer with high crystallinity. Device fabrication involved coating a TiO2 solution onto a silicon dioxide (SiO2) wafer with an IDE photomask. The devices were characterized using a Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) to verify the crystallinity of the TiO2. Current-voltage (I-V) curves and real-time current measurements were also conducted to analyze the electrical properties of the device. FESEM results indicate that increasing the number of spin-coat layers and annealing temperature enhances the clarity of the spherical shape of TiO2 nanoparticles and produces highly crystalline nanoparticles, as confirmed by XRD analysis. In terms of electrical analysis, the device exhibited a sharp increase in current, maintaining a range of 2.5 nA to 10 nA. This concludes that the TiO2 device is highly sensitive, with excellent repeatability and response time, making it suitable for practical applications.

Enhanced water purification performance of composite PVA–ZnO–Al2O3 hollow fiber membrane: A breakthrough approach for high-temperature stability, low-pressure water separation

This work describes the development of a composite Al2O3 hollow fiber combined with multiple-layer ZnO nanoparticles and PVA polymer as the active side for low-pressure saltwater purification. The composite membrane was evaluated with an active layer-facing salt solution, and slight suction condition was applied to the permeate inside the membrane lumen. Results show that varying nanoparticle layers to tune the porosity of the composite membrane influenced its morphology, porosity, and hydrophilicity. The effect of porosity tuning on the membrane characteristics and desalination performance was investigated. A salt rejection rate of >90 % was recorded for all 5 % PVA–ZnO–Al2O3 hollow fiber membranes with the highest salt rejection of 96.34 % and the water flux of 15.49 kg·m−2·h−1. The membrane was further tested with untreated natural seawater to demonstrate its ability to withstand continuous operation. The membrane has acceptable chemical stability when exposed to untreated natural seawater. The optimal PVA–ZnO–Al2O3 hollow fiber membrane exhibited efficient water phase change transfer and high salt rejection, making it a promising candidate for seawater purification.

Formation of Armored Silicon Nanowires Array via High-Repetition-Rate Femtosecond Laser Oxidation for Robust Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection.

Superhydrophobic nanostructures with dense hotspots and high concentration efficiency are of paramount importance for highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection. However, their low mechanical strength makes them susceptible to damage from external interferences, leading to hotspot loss and superhydrophobicity failure. In this study, robust SERS detection is achieved using an armored superhydrophobic silicon nanowires array. A micro/nanocross-scale oxide mask is created through high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser oxidation to fabricate the armored nanowires array. The underlying mechanisms of the nanoparticle layer serving as a mask in deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) are analyzed to elucidate the formation of the silicon nanowires. The armored nanowires array SERS substrate exhibits a high contact angle of 158°, demonstrating exceptional analyte enrichment capability. Combined with the dense hotspots provided by the high aspect ratio nanostructures, the detection limit for Rhodamine 6G is 10-13 M, and the enhancement factor (EF) is 4.35 × 109. After undergoing various mechanical tests, the substrate maintains its superhydrophobicity along with a stable Raman signal enhancement, demonstrating its resistance to potential external interference in SERS detection. The sensitive detection of various analytes highlights the promising applications of the armored nanowires substrate in diverse SERS scenarios.

In-situ nanozyme catalytic amplification coupled with a universal antibody orientation strategy based electrochemical immunosensor for AD-related biomarker

An in-situ nanozyme signal tag combined with a DNA-mediated universal antibody-oriented strategy was proposed to establish a high-performance immunosensing platform for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related biomarker detection. Briefly, a Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with peroxidase (POD)-like activity was synthesized to encapsulating the electroactive molecule methylene blue (MB), and subsequently modified with a layer of gold nanoparticles on its surface. This led to the creation of double POD-like activity nanozymes surrounding the MB molecule to form a nanozyme signal tag. A large number of hydroxyl radicals were generated by the nanozyme signal tag with the help of H2O2, which catalyzed MB molecules in situ to achieve efficient signal amplification. Subsequently, a DNA-aptamer-mediated universal antibody-oriented strategy was proposed to enhance the binding efficiency for the antigen (target). Meanwhile, a poly adenine was incorporated at the end of the aptamer, facilitating binding to the gold electrode and providing anti-fouling properties due to the hydrophilicity of the phosphate group. Under optimal conditions, this platform was successfully employed for highly sensitive detection of AD-associated tau protein and BACE1, achieving limits of detection with concentrations of 3.34 fg/mL and 1.67 fg/mL, respectively. It is worth mentioning that in the tau immunosensing mode, 20 clinical samples from volunteers of varying ages were analyzed, revealing significantly higher tau expression levels in the blood samples of elderly volunteers compared to young volunteers. This suggests that the developed strategy holds great promise for early AD diagnosis.

Highly durable yarn-based strain sensor with enhanced underwater monitoring capabilities and rapid drowning detection for safety applications

Flexible strain sensors have garnered significant attention for their outstanding performance in fields such as telemedicine, motion management, and human–machine interfaces. However, in the demanding marine environments, these advanced sensors face challenges related to mechanical weakness, stability, and durability under wet conditions, which are critical for expanding their range of practical applications. In this study, a stable and durable yarn sensor was developed specifically tailored for underwater activity monitoring. This was achieved by using polydopamine to immobilize silver nanoparticles, thereby creating a highly conductive layer, followed by applying an impregnation coating to establish a hydrophobic layer. The resulting composite structure featured a micro-convex layer of silver nanoparticles, which provided a durable hydrophobic surface resistant to mechanical wear and capable of maintaining its electrical properties even under high-velocity water impacts. More significantly, a FWAS was engineered, which is activated by pre-stretching the yarn sensor using a water-soluble vinylon yarn. The FWAS automatically alters its resistance within 1.3 s upon detecting someone falling into the water, thereby sending out an accurate distress signal to the external world by transmitting Morse code signals via gesture movements. This innovation provides a straightforward and effective approach for timely rescue operations from drowning, demonstrating the versatility of yarn-based flexible strain sensors for use not only in air but also in underwater scenarios.

Development of electrode and electrolyte materials for solid-state batteries based on Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3

The dependence of the electrochemical characteristics of a layered cathode material containing LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 on the method for applying a protective layer of nanoparticles of the lithium-conducting material Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 with a NASICON structure to its surface has been studied. The surface modification has been found to improve the capacity retention in prolonged charge/discharge cycling (up to 15%) and to allow fast charge/discharge processes. The possibility of using a composite electrolyte consisting of a porous ceramic matrix of aluminum-substituted lithium titanium phosphate Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 with a transition layer of liquid electrolyte LP-71 has been shown. The use of a thick composite solid electrolyte results in a slight reduction (∼5–7 mAh g−1) in initial capacity compared to laboratory cells with the widely used Celgard 2400 separator impregnated with liquid electrolyte. Laboratory cells assembled with a composite electrolyte showed higher stability during charge/discharge cycling: after 80 deep charge/discharge cycles, the capacity reduction was ∼12% for cells with a composite electrolyte, while for the reference cell it was ∼23%.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on dimethylglyoxime/carbon paste electrode modified with a bimetallic nanocomposite for nickel detection in environmental water samples

To date, research in the monitoring of heavy metal pollution focuses on developing an advanced and selective sensor. In this study, an electrochemical sensor-based bimetallic nanocomposite modified dimethylglyoxime carbon paste electrode (DMG/CPE) was created to detect Ni2+ selectively. The bimetallic nanocomposite was prepared by depositing a thin layer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of the magnetite (Fe3O4)/DMG/CPE electrode. The incorporation of Fe3O4 and AgNPs results in a synergistic effect, increasing electron transfer and expanding the electroactive surface area (from 2.78 mm2 to 3.81 mm2), hence leading to an increase in the peak current response (ΔIp = 26.15 ± 0.33 µA at modified CPE). The prepared AgNPs/Fe3O4/DMG/CPE electrode demonstrated excellent properties, allowing for a broad linear dynamic range lying between 2–10 nM; 10–100 nM; and 100–1000 nM and a limit of detection value of 0.6 nM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the developed sensor showed great sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability in the detection of Ni2+ in river water samples, making it promising for a sensitive and selective detection of Ni-contaminated water.

Se as hetero-nucleation seeds reinforcing intermetallic diffusion for improved electrodeposition-processed CZTS solar cells

Pure sulfide-based Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) stands as a competitive photovoltaic material, composted of earth-abundant, low-cost, and stable constituent elements. The stacked electrodeposition process has garnered attention owing to its facile regulation of elemental composition, and its non-vacuum, room-temperature, water-based solvent operating conditions. However, the limitation based on the stacked electrodeposition-processed CZTS primarily stems from the numerous defects and detrimental interfaces induced by the deficient intermetallic diffusion. Herein, a Se nanoparticle layer at the back interface is introduced to enhance the intermetallic diffusion, optimize the precursor morphology, and subsequently accelerate the grain growth. Comprehensive characterizations reveal Se, acting as the hetero-nucleation seeds, catalyzes Cu deposition and promotes a highly porous structure with a homogeneous elemental distribution. Consequently, high-quality CZTS with enhanced crystallinity and passivated defects is achieved, thereby promoting carrier transport and suppressing non-radiative recombination. These sequential positive effects result in a substantial improvement in short current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), attaining an improved efficiency. Our findings offer a promising strategy to overcome the issues of the stacked electrodeposition-processed films and highly contribute to the development of high-quality CZTS-based solar cells.

Synergistic effects of the physical modification and chemical passivation enabling efficient perovskite solar cells

Inverted perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) with poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) as hole transport materials exhibit superior stability and low-temperature processibility. However, the hydrophobicity of PTAA renders it difficult to prepare high-quality perovskite films due to the low wettability of perovskite precursor solutions, resulting in poor crystallization of perovskites and undesirable interface properties of PTAA/perovskites. Herein, a porous layer of Al2O3 nanoparticles functionalized using 2-thenoylacetonitrile (2-T-OACN) molecules is incorporated into the PTAA/perovskite interface. The physical adhesion of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the PTAA layer could enhance the surface wettability for perovskite precursor solutions, resulting in uniform perovskite films being realized on the PTAA layer. Meanwhile, 2-T-OACN adsorbed on the Al2O3 nanoparticles could form C=O··· Pb2+ and C≡N ···Pb2+ coordination interactions with the bottom surface of perovskites, thus passivating the defects at the PTAA/perovskite interface. Moreover, the electron-rich thiophene groups in 2-T-OACN molecules further promote interfacial charge carrier transport and thus significantly lower the interfacial recombination. Consequently, the IPSCs show a high efficiency of 23.3 %, which is largely improved compared with that of 19.4 % efficiency for control IPSCs. The synergistic strategy of the physical modification and chemical passivation provides a feasible approach for modulating the crystallization of perovskites and buried interface properties for IPSCs.

Co-encapsulation of quercetin and resveratrol: Comparison in different layers of zein-carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles

Three nanoparticles were fabricated for the co-delivery of quercetin and resveratrol. Nanoparticles consisted of a zein and carboxymethyl cellulose assembled using antisolvent precipitation/layer-by-layer deposition method. Nanoparticles contained quercetin in the core and resveratrol in the shell, resveratrol in the core and quercetin in the shell or both quercetin and resveratrol in the core. The particle sizes of nanoparticles were 280.4, 214.8, and 181.8 nm, respectively. Zeta-potential was about −50 mV and PDI was about 0.3. The different positions of polyphenol distribution nanoparticles could reduce the competition between the two polyphenols, the encapsulation rate, loading rate and storage stability reached up to 91.7 %, 5.37 % and 97.1 %, respectively. FT-IR showed that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were the main driving forces of nanoparticle assembly. XRD showed that two polyphenols were successfully encapsulated in nanoparticles. TGA showed that distributing the nanoparticles in different layers would enhance thermal stability. TEM and SEM showed that polysaccharides attached to the surface of nanoparticles formed a core-shell structure with uniform particle size. All three nanoparticles could release two polyphenols slowly in simulated gastrointestinal digestion, Korsmeyer-Peppas was the most suitable kinetic release model. Therefore, biopolymer-based nanocarriers can be created to enhance the loading, stability, and bioaccessibility of co-encapsulated nutraceuticals.

Active Stratification of Colloidal Mixtures for Asymmetric Multilayers.

Stratified films offer high performance and multifunctionality, yet achieving fully stratified films remains a challenge. The layer-by-layer method, involving the sequential deposition of each layer, has been commonly utilized for stratified film fabrication. However, this approach is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to leaving defects within the film. Alternatively, the self-stratification process exploiting a drying binary colloidal mixture is intensively developed recently, but it relies on strict operating conditions, typically yielding a heterogeneous interlayer. In this study, an active interfacial stratification process for creating completely stratified nanoparticle (NP) films is introduced. The technique leverages NPs with varying interfacial activity at the air-water interface. With the help of depletion pressure, the lateral compression of NP mixtures at the interface induces individual desorption of less interfacial active NPs into the subphase, while more interfacial active NPs remain at the interface. This simple compression leads to nearly perfect stratified NP films with controllability, universality, and scalability. Combined with a solvent annealing process, the active stratification process enables the fabrication of stratified films comprising a polymeric layer atop a NP layer. This work provides insightful implications for designing drug encapsulation and controlled release, as well as manufacturing transparent and flexible electrodes.

Dual confinement of RuOx nanoparticle using polar MnNiO and armored carbon for boosting water electrolysis

The poor stability of nanoparticle catalysts with catalytic activity is a significant obstacle to their industrial application. The establishment of rational nanoparticle structures to elucidate the relationship between catalyst structure and its catalytic activity and stability is crucial for constructing nanoparticle catalysts that are both highly active and stable. We propose a strategy to construct a dual-confinement effect of the nanoparticle, specifically by regulating the polarization of the MnNiO support to enhance strong oxide-support interactions (SOSI) and encapsulating the outer layer of nanoparticles with a carbon shell, which has been proven effective in improving the activity and stability of nanoparticle-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. At a current density of 100 mA cm−2, the armor C@RuOx@MnNiO catalyst displays an overpotential of 260 mV for the OER. After the OER test for 100 h, the current density of C@RuOx@MnNiO shows no significant decay, whereas that of RuOx@MnNiO and RuOx@MnO rapidly decreases, indicating significant catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst. The assembled C@RuOx@MnNiO||Pt/C electrode demonstrates excellent alkaline water electrolysis performance in an MEA electrolyzer, requiring only a low cell voltage of 1.76 V to achieve an ampere-level current density of 1 A cm−2. In-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy reveals the significant interaction between nanoparticles and the polar support. The reduction in Gibbs free energy, which establishes the rate-determining step (RDS) of OER, is caused by the charge redistribution caused by polar Mn doping in RuOx@MnNiO and the coordination structure modifications, as shown by density functional theory calculations. This work provides an approach to designing efficient and stable nanoparticle electrocatalysts through the dual-confinement effect of SOSI-induced strong interactions and armor carbon layers.