Ag Layer Research Articles

Role of the middle-shell in the stability of three-shell nanoparticles: A molecular dynamics study

In this study, the role of different middle-shells including Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au on the stability of three-shell Pd@M@Ag and Ag@M@Pd nanoparticles has been studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that without the influence of the type of middle layer, Pd@M@Ag nanoparticles are more stable than Ag@M@Pd nanoparticles due to more release of compressive strain in the core. The results also show that the stability of three-shell nanoparticles is a result of the competition between cohesive energy and strain caused by lattice mismatch at the core/middle-shell and the middle-shell/outer-shell interface. In this competition, cohesive energy acts as the dominant factor. In such a way that the middle layer of Pt with the highest cohesive energy acts as the first and most effective middle layer in increasing the stability of three-shell nanoparticles. The middle layers of Ni and Cu have the largest lattice mismatch at the interface of the layers. Therefore, by releasing compressive strain in the middle layer, they can increase the stability of three-shell nanoparticles and are known as the second and third effective middle layers, respectively. The middle layer of Au, with low cohesive energy and also low lattice mismatch at the interface of the layers shows a negligible effect on increasing the stability of three-shell nanoparticles. The middle layers of Ag and Pd transform Pd@M@Ag and Ag@M@Pd three-shell nanoparticles into Pd@Ag and Ag@Pd core-shell nanoparticles, respectively. Therefore, these middle layers decrease the stability of nanoparticles by reducing the number of layers and the effects caused by strain at the interface of the layers. In general, the results of this study show that in addition to factors such as size, composition, morphology, and crystallographic structures, which have been investigated in many studies, it is possible to achieve nanoparticles with high stability by adjusting the middle-shell in three-shell nanoparticles, which will be a new perspective on the catalytic applications of nanoparticles.

Performance Improvement of AlN-Based RRAMs Using Ag Layer for Hardware Security Applications

In this study, the 8 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 8 aluminum nitride (AlN)-based complementary resistive switching (CRS) resistive random access memory (RRAM) crossbar array has been fabricated and was applied for a hardware security. Since CRS has a nonlinear <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{I}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> – <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{V}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> characteristic curve, it can effectively alleviate the actual impact caused by sneak current. A 5 nm silver electrode auxiliary layer is inserted between the electrode and the resistance switching layer to form a titanium nitride (TiN)/Ag/AlN/Pt/AlN/Ag/TiN seven-layer structure. The ultimate result here shows that the forming voltage of the device has eventually dropped from 5.5 to 2.8 V and the nonlinearity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{I}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> – <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\textit{V}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> has gradually increased from 10.5 to 255 so that the number of arrays can ideally be expanded to more than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{426}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math> </inline-formula> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \text{426}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> bits. In addition, because a small amount of silver ions formed a relatively discontinuous conductive filament (CF), the device with an auxiliary layer of 5 nm Ag has a wider high-resistance state distribution. Therefore, it is suitable as the source of physical unclonable function (PUF) key generation for hardware security. After being compared by the read circuit comparator, we have generated a RRAM PUF key with reliability 99.1%, uniformity 49.5%, and randomness 48.9%. To authors’ knowledge, it is first report about nitride-based CRS RRAM as PUF for hardware security applications.

High-Performance Au@Ag Nanorods Substrate for SERS Detection of Malachite Green in Aquatic Products.

In order to improve the detection performance of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a low-cost Au@Ag nanorods (Au@Ag NRs) substrate with a good SERS enhancement effect was developed and applied to the detection of malachite green (MG) in aquaculture water and crayfish. By comparing the SERS signal enhancement effect of five kinds of Au@Ag NRs substrates with different silver layer thickness on 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) solution, it was found that the substrate prepared with 100 µL AgNO3 had the smallest aspect ratio (3.27) and the thickest Ag layer (4.1 nm). However, it showed a good signal enhancement effect, and achieved a detection of 4-MBA as low as 1 × 10-11 M, which was 8.7 times higher than that of the AuNRs substrate. In addition, the Au@Ag NRs substrate developed in this study was used for SRES detection of MG in crayfish; its detection limit was 1.58 × 10-9 M. The developed Au@Ag NRs sensor had the advantages of stable SERS signal, uniform size and low cost, which provided a new tool for SERS signal enhancement and highly sensitive SERS detection method development.

Tunable enhanced transmitted group delays of circular polarization enabled by resonant tunneling in Ag/multi-Weyl semimetal/Ag trilayers

The 4 × 4 magneto-optical matrix is theoretically established to investigate the group delays of circular polarization, which are generated by the linearly polarized wave crossing through a sandwich composition that consists of a multi-Weyl semimetal (mWSM) layer and two identical Ag layers. Results denote that the cross-polarized transmission of right hand circularly polarized (RCP) and left hand circularly polarized (LCP) waves experience sharp increases from zero transmission to total transmission at their respective resonant tunneling wavelengths because of the nonzero off-diagonal components of mWSM. Based on the steep change of cross-polarized transmissions, the giant enlarged group delays of several picoseconds can be obtained. Furthermore, the resonant tunneling wavelength of RCP and LCP waves exhibit the dependence on tilt degree of Weyl cones, Fermi energy, Weyl nodes separation and topological charge, which provide feasible strategies to achieve the regulable enhanced group delays. Our findings reveal effective methods to acquire the tunable enlarged group delays of circular polarization with mWSM.

Demonstration of a roll-to-roll-configurable, all-solution-based progressive assembly of flexible transducer devices consisting of functional nanowires on micropatterned electrodes

We demonstrate continuous fabrication of flexible transducer devices consisting of interdigitated (IDT) Ag microelectrodes interconnected by ZnO nanowires (ZNWs), created via serially connected solution-processable micro- and nanofabrication processes. On an Ag layer obtainable from the mild thermal reduction of an ionic Ag ink coating, the roll-to-roll-driven photolithography process [termed photo roll lithography (PRL)] followed by wet-etching can be applied to continuously define the IDT microelectrode structure. Conformal ZNWs can then be grown selectively on the Ag electrodes to interconnect them via an Ag-mediated hydrothermal ZNW growth that does not require high-temperature seed sintering. Given that all of these constitutive processes are vacuum-free and solution-processable at a low temperature, and are compatible with continuous processing onto flexible substrates, they can be eventually configured into the roll-to-roll-processable progressive assembly. Through parametric optimizations of processes consisting of the roll-to-roll-configurable, solution-based progressive assembly of nanostructures (ROLSPAN), a flexible transducer consisting of ZNW-interconnected, PRL-ed IDT Ag electrodes can be developed. This flexible architecture faithfully performs UV sensing as well as optoelectronic transduction. The ROLSPAN concept along with its specific applicability to flexible devices may inspire many diverse functional systems requiring high-throughput low-temperature fabrication over large-area flexible substrates.

A Molecular Dynamics Study of Ag-Ni Nanometric Multilayers: Thermal Behavior and Stability.

Nanometric multilayers composed of immiscible Ag and Ni metals were investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The semi-coherent interface between Ag and Ni was examined at low temperatures by analyzing in-plane strain and defect formation. The relaxation of the interface under annealing conditions was also considered. With increasing temperature, a greater number of atomic planes participated in the interface, resulting in enhanced mobility of Ag and Ni atoms, as well as partial dissolution of Ni within the amorphous Ag. To mimic polycrystalline layers with staggered grains, a system with a triple junction between a silver single layer and two grains of nickel was examined. At high temperatures (900 K and 1000 K), the study demonstrated grain boundary grooving. The respective roles of Ni and Ag mobilities in the first steps of grooving dynamics were established. At 1100 K, a temperature close but still below the melting point of Ag, the Ag layer underwent a transition to an amorphous/premelt state, with Ni grains rearranging themselves in contact with the amorphous layer.

Optical nonreciprocity in multilayer nanoisland systems of [Ag–Al2O3] N

We study the effect of optical nonreciprocity in [Ag–Al2O3] N multilayer structures. The percolation threshold for Ag films was found to be . An anomalously large optical nonreciprocity effect was found in the structures with Ag island layers. This effect appeared as a change in the reflected light polarization () when the sample was rotated around its axis from the initial position by 180∘. The effect magnitude reached . We suggest that a possible mechanism for the optical nonreciprocity effect in these structures can be related to the excitation of localized plasmons in Ag islands. We show that essentially depends on the interlayer and intralayer interaction between Ag layers in multilayer structures and is suppressed in the case of strong intralayer and interlayer interaction of plasma oscillations.

Design and Fabrication of an Ag Ultrathin Layer-Based Transparent Band Tunable Conductor and Its Thermal Stability.

Transparent conductors (TC) have been widely applied in a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, different transparent spectral bands are always needed for particular applications. In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO)-free TCs with tunable transparent bands based on the film structure of TiO2/Ag/AZO (Al-doped ZnO) were designed by the transfer matrix method and deposited by magnetron sputtering. The transparent spectra and figure-of-merit (FOM) were effectively adjusted by precisely controlling the Ag layer's thickness. The fabricated as-deposited samples exhibited an average optical transmittance larger than 88.3% (400-700 nm), a sheet resistance lower than 7.7 Ω.sq-1, a low surface roughness of about 1.4 nm, and mechanical stability upon 1000 bending cycles. Moreover, the samples were able to hold optical and electrical properties after annealing at 300 °C for 60 min, but failed at 400 °C even for 30 min.

Multielectrode Arrays at Wafer-Level for Miniaturized Sensors Applications: Electrochemical Growth of Ag/AgCl Reference Electrodes

In this study, a range of miniaturized Ag/AgCl reference electrodes with various layouts were successfully fabricated on wafer-level silicon-based substrates with metallic intermediate layers by precisely controlling the electrochemical deposition of Ag, followed by electrochemical chlorination of the deposited Ag layer. The structure, as well as the chemical composition of the electrode, were characterized with SEM &amp; EDS. The results showed that the chlorination is very sensitive to the applied electric field and background solution. Potentiostatic chlorination, in combination with an adjusted mushroom-shaped Ag sealing deposition, enabled the formation of electrochemical usable Ag/AgCl layers. The stability of the electrodes was tested using open circuit potential (OCP) measurement. The results showed that the reference electrodes stayed stable for 300 s under 3 M KCl solution. The first stage study showed that the stability of the Ag/AgCl reference electrode in a chip highly depends on chip size design, chlorination conditions, and a further protection layer.

Tape of the truth: Ta2O5 nanopore array formed under broad potential range and SERS potential after silver sputtering

The deposition of a plasmonic metal layer on a nanostructured oxide surface is one of the important methods of preparing a platform for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. In this contribution, we describe the formation of SERS substrates by the deposition of a silver layer on ordered a Ta2O5 nanopore array. The influence of various experimental anodization process parameters on the morphology of a Ta2O5 nanopore array was carefully studied. It was found that the formation of a Ta2O5 nanopore array is possible under a broad potential range (15–50 V) in a highly acidic solution containing F− ions. In some cases, the nanopore array structures were covered by an outer layer rich in F− and SO42− ions, which could easily be removed using adhesive tape or by sonication. The deposition of an Ag layer led to SERS activity. The optimal Ag layer thickness was specified based on SEM and DRS measurements. The SERS substrates formed exhibited high point-to-point, sample-to-sample and time durability.

Enhanced Optical–Thermal Performances of High-Power LED by Plated Copper on Thick Film Ceramic Substrate

Thick printed ceramic substrate (TPC) is a promising technique for the packaging of high-power light-emitting diode (LED). Nevertheless, the incorporation of glass phase and voids in the sintered Ag layer decrease the electrical conductivity and heat dissipation of TPC substrate, which contributes to an increase in the junction temperature of LED. This article demonstrates a novel packaging design to plate copper on the sintered Ag layer of TPC substrate, which was applied to enhance the optical–thermal performances of high-power LED. After plating, the copper layers are well bonded with the Ag layer and the sheet resistance decreases rapidly. With the plated copper on thick film (PCTF) substrate package, the total thermal resistance is 17.45% lower than that with TPC package, while the junction temperature change of LED samples is 8.04 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> C and 9.92 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> C, respectively. Moreover, the surface temperature of LED sample packaged with PCTF is 11.16% lower than that with TPC at the working current of 1600 mA, and the optical power is 4.79% and 3.2% higher at the working current of 400 and 1200 mA, respectively. The results demonstrate that the optical–thermal performances of LED are enhanced by using the PCTF substrate due to its excellent heat dissipation.

Flexible Transparent Electrodes Formed from Template-Patterned Thin-Film Silver.

Template-patterned, flexible transparent electrodes (TEs) formed from an ultrathin silver film on top of a commercial optical adhesive - Norland Optical Adhesive 63 (NOA63) -are reported. NOA63 is shown to be an effective base-layer for ultrathin silver films that advantageously prevents coalescence of vapor-deposited silver atoms into large, isolated islands (Volmer-Weber growth), and so aids the formation of ultrasmooth continuous films. 12 nm silver films on top of free-standing NOA63 combine high, haze-free visible-light transparency (T ≈ 60% at 550nm) with low sheet-resistance ( ≈ 16 Ω sq-1), and exhibit excellent resilience to bending, making them attractive candidates for flexible TEs. Etching the NOA63 base-layer with an oxygen plasma before silver deposition causes the silver to laterally segregate into isolated pillars, resulting in a much higher sheet resistance ( > 8 × 106 Ω sq-1) than silver grown on pristine NOA63 . Hence, by selectively etching NOA63 before metal deposition, insulating regions may be defined within an otherwise conducting silver film, resulting in a differentially conductive film that can serve as a patterned TE for flexible devices. Transmittance may be increased (to 79% at 550nm) by depositing an antireflective layer of Al2O3 on the Ag layer at the cost of reduced flexibility.

Engineering Dumbbell-Shaped Au Nanobipyramid/Ag-CeO2 Plasmonic Bimetal-Semiconductor Heterostructures for Nitroaromatic Reduction

Precisely engineering the morphology of plasmonic metal–semiconductor heterostructures (PMSHs) is essential for fully utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) function. However, most of the PMSHs mainly depend on the LSPR contribution of a single plasmonic metal, while the bimetal semiconductor heterostructures have been rarely reported. Herein, a series of dumbbell-shaped bimetal semiconductor heterostructures, based on Au nanobipyramids (AuNBPs, average length of 96 ± 3 nm, waist diameter of 29 ± 3 nm), lateral surfaces covered with rice-shaped Ag layers (thickness less than 5 nm), and a tip loaded with cap-shaped CeO2 (average size of 44 nm), were engineered. By simply tuning the dose of Ag+ and CTAC, we can precisely engineer the morphology of PMSHs from dumbbell-shaped monometal semiconductors (AuNBP–CeO2) to a core/shell/shell structure (AuNBP@Ag@CeO2) and to the dumbbell-shaped bimetal semiconductor AuNBP/Ag–CeO2. Notably, the AuNBP/Ag–CeO2 nanostructure exhibits higher activity in photocatalytic nitroreduction of 4-NP than AuNBP–CeO2. Mechanism analysis demonstrated that the bimetal semiconductor dumbbell-shaped AuNBP/Ag–CeO2 shows stronger electromagnetic field enhancement than the monometal semiconductor dumbbell-shaped AuNBP–CeO2, which promotes the generation of hot electrons more efficiently. This work offers an insight into precisely engineering plasmonic bimetallic semiconductor heterostructures for photocatalytic applications.

3D lithiophilic framework fixed on the surface of LLZTO solid electrolyte shaping the contact between Li metal and ceramic

In this paper an innovative method to improve the contact state between Li metal and LLZTO solid electrolyte surface is presented. Based on the interdiffusion between Cu and Zr elements, the Cu mesh coated with Ag layer (ACM) is welded on the LLZTO ceramic surface at 3 MPa pressure for 30 min at 900 °C under Ar atmosphere. The molten Li metal wets and spreads on the LLZTO solid electrolyte surface with the assistance of the ACM fixed on the ceramic surface. As a result, the interfacial resistance between the Li metal anode and the LLZTO solid electrolyte surface is reduced from 2869.05 Ω·cm2 to 34.1 Ω·cm2. Moreover, the ACM can guide the Li metal into an orderly deposition to enhance the stability of the Li/LLZTO interface. The ACM divides the Li plating/stripping space into several small areas, similar to forming several independent small units in a large system. This division reduces the risk and probability of uneven Li plating/stripping space in the entire system. Therefore, the Li/100ACM-LLZTO /Li symmetric cell can operate stably for 800 h at 0.1 mA/cm2. And the Li/100ACM-LLZTO/LFP full cell still has a capacity retention rate of 81% after 300 cycles at 0.5C.

Coexistent improvement of thermal and mechanical performance at Si/Cu joint by thickness-controlled Sn-Ag bond layer

In this study, sound Si-Cu joints with high thermal conductivity and mechanical property were achieved at 260 °C with thickness-controlled Sn-Ag bond layer. The microstructure evolution, thermal and mechanical properties were proposed systematically. The bond layer was fabricated by micro electroforming technology to precisely control the thickness and improve the bond ability. The electroformed Ag layer could protect the sputtered Cu film and restrict the diffusion of Cu elements, which could decrease the residual stress and remove the interface defects. At the joints, the electroformed Sn layer was consumed to form Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compounds. The thermal conductivity and shear strength both increased firstly and then decreased with the thickness of bond layer increasing. The highest thermal conductivity of 283.21 W/(m·K) and shear strength of 88.74 MPa were achieved synchronous with 15-μm-thickness Sn-Ag bond layers, which were attributed to the reduction of the interface stress and elimination of interfacial defects. This technology had potential to be applied in the microelectronic heat dissipation at the future.

Ag Sputter-Deposited on MnO2-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media

As energy demand increases, new energy conversion methods are also sought. In this study, two MnO2 and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were prepared and decorated with silver using magnetron sputtering, to evaluate their electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Three nominal thicknesses of Ag layers were used, 5, 10 and 20 nm. The physicochemical characterisation was carried out using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The substrate materials (MnO2-MWCNT) were also investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical studies of the ORR revealed that the activity and stability of the composite catalysts depend on the substrate material and the Ag layer thickness.

Formation of Silver Layer with a Multiporous Structure from Silver Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials

In this work, we describe a simple and effective strategy for the fabrication of a thin silver (Ag) layer with a multiporous structure, showing a high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). The Ag layer with a multiporous structure was produced by a simple spray coating of conductive ink containing porous Ag nanoparticles synthesized using a simple chemical reduction method in a wet medium, followed by a low-energy sintering process to develop the Ag layer with an interconnected multiporous structure and average thickness of ∼5.5 μm. The produced Ag layer possessed a remarkable multiporous structure, which was composed of pores in Ag NPs and additional pores generated by coalescence of Ag NPs during the sintering process. Even the thin Ag layer exhibited a high EMI SE (62.3 dB, 99.9% shielding) owing to the multiporous structure, which was comparable to that of Ag foil with much lower Ag loading. This multiporous structure helped to increase the internal multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves. The substantial shielding effectiveness of the obtained multiporous Ag layer was demonstrated by measuring the EMI SE of the Ag layer coated PCB antenna. Our approach is a suitable and alternative EMI shielding method to replace present package-level EMI shielding materials such as Ag foil for a wide range of applications.

Three-Layered Thin Films for Simultaneous Infrared Camouflage and Radiative Cooling.

With the rapid advancements in aerospace technology and infrared detection technology, there are increasing needs for materials with simultaneous infrared camouflage and radiative cooling capabilities. In this study, a three-layered Ge/Ag/Si thin film structure on a titanium alloy TC4 substrate (a widely used skin material for spacecraft) is designed and optimized to achieve such spectral compatibility by combining the transfer matrix method and the genetic algorithm. The structure exhibits a low average emissivity of 0.11 in the atmospheric windows of 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm for infrared camouflage and a high average emissivity of 0.69 in 5-8 μm for radiative cooling. Furthermore, the designed metasurface shows a high degree of robustness regarding the polarization and incidence angle of the incoming electromagnetic wave. The underlying mechanisms allowing for the spectral compatibility of the metasurface can be elucidated as follows: the top Ge layer selectively transmits electromagnetic waves ranging from 5-8 μm while it reflects those in the ranges of 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm. The transmitted electromagnetic waves from the Ge layer are first absorbed by the Ag layer and then localized in the Fabry-Perot resonance cavity formed by Ag layer, Si layer and TC4 substrate. Ag and TC4 make further intrinsic absorptions during the multiple reflections of the localized electromagnetic waves.

AZO/Ag/AZO composite film with high transmittance based on an ultrathin continuous Ag layer obtained via micro oxidation

O2 was introduced at the initial stage of Ag layer sputtering to oxidize it slightly to get an ultrathin continuous Ag layer, and an AZO/Ag/AZO (or called AZO/AgOx/Ag/AZO) composite film with high transmittance and conductivity was prepared. The results showed that the O/Ag molar ratio x of AgOx layer increased from 0.02 to 0.2 as the O2 flow ratio increased from 0% to 15%, the lattice mismatch between AZO layer and Ag layer decreased. Both Ag layer crystallization quality and surface quality improved, a continuous ultrathin Ag layer was obtained, of which thickness was less than 10 nm. And the visible transmittance (380–780 nm) of AZO/Ag/AZO composite film improved a lot, while its sheet resistance increased a little. When the O2 flow ratio was 5%, its average transmittance reached 80.95%, its sheet resistance was 12.21 Ω/sq, and the Figure-of-Merit (FOM) got the maximum 9.90 mΩ−1.

Sensitive MIM plasmonic biosensors for detection of hemoglobin, creatinine and cholesterol concentrations

In this paper, a nano structure based on graphene-plasmonic/black phosphorous combination is proposed and investigated. The main goal of the presented work is detection of different biological elements in blood samples. The structure is consisted of different layers of Ag (silver), air, graphene and black phosphorous. Various layers are considered in the T-shaped, U-shaped and split ring-shaped waveguides. The incident field would be applied to the T-shaped waveguide and output signals would be transmitted to the three output ports (output1, output2 and output3). The structure is supposed to function as sensitive bio-sensors. Therefore, effects of different structural parameters (r2, t2, r3, t3, r4, t4), chemical potentials (μc2, μc3, μc4) and black phosphorous layers on the transmission spectrum of output ports are considered. These processes lead to improved transmission's peak value and wavelength (enhancing sensor's functionalities). Finally, the improved structure would be considered as refractive index sensors. Cholesterol, Creatinine and Hemoglobin concentrations in blood samples would be diagnosed at ouput1, output2 and output3 ports, respectively. Considerable sensitivity factors of 5333.3[nm/RIU], 1562.5[nm/RIU] and 800[nm/RIU] are obtained for Cholesterol, Creatinine and Hemoglobin concentrations, respectively. Other important parameters (figure of merit, quality factor and limit of detection) are also calculated for each biomolecule sensor. Considering these sensitivity factors, the structure can be utilized as accurate bio-sensors in optical integrated circuits.