Layers Of Cloth Research Articles

Prince(ss) Charming of the Japanese Popular Theatre

Prince(ss) Charming of the Japanese Popular Theatre

Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics and Intelligent Optimization of Protective Clothing Materials in front of the Blast Furnace.

Special protective clothing should have a certain thermal insulation and protective effect in the production in front of the blast furnace. In order to study the design of special protective clothing for blast furnace foreman, its temperature distribution and internal thickness structure are deeply analyzed. First, based on the existing experimental data, combined with heat transfer and the Fourier law theory, a one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation is established. Using the explicit finite difference solution algorithm, the distribution law of the temperature of each fabric layer with time is obtained and the error analysis is performed. The error result is 0.42877%, which shows that the numerical solution is stable and convergent. Then, through the intelligent optimization model of a simulated annealing ant colony (SA-ACO), compared with the single ant colony algorithm (ACO) and a simulated annealing algorithm (SA), it avoids falling into the local optimal solution, reversely solves the optimal thickness of two layers of protective clothing in front of the blast furnace, improves the convergence speed of optimization, and verifies the reliability of the model with a sensitivity test. Finally, this paper actually solves the problem of the protective clothing design and mathematical intelligent model in front of the blast furnace and combines it with numerical simulation software to realize the numerical simulation of temperature distribution and thickness optimization of special protective clothing in front of the blast furnace, so as to provide theoretical guidance for enterprise blast furnace production and development of special protective clothing.

The effect of fiber preform configuration on in-plane compressive behavior of high porosity needled carbon/carbon composites in elevated temperature environment

The in-plane compressive behavior of the high porosity needled carbon/carbon (C/C) composites can be used to examine the interlaminar state and the material integrity. The room and elevated temperature in-plane compressive experiments of the high porosity needled C/C composites were conducted to study the effect of local fiber configuration state on the failure modes and damage mechanisms combining with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) observation. The porosity was also determined by processing Micro-CT images, which was used to calculate the mechanical properties of constituents. The refined finite element (FE) model considering explicitly the distribution of needling punched regions of the real compressive specimen was established to reproduce the damage and failure process component materials in the high porosity needled C/C composites during the experiment at elevated temperature. The effect of needling parameters, such as the needling depth and the thickness ratio between fiber net layer and non-woven cloth layer, on the compressive mechanical properties of the high porosity needled C/C composites was studied using the parametric FE model. The variation curves of the compressive strength with these needling parameters were obtained, which could guide to choose the proper high porosity needled C/C composites for manufacturing the lightweight thermal protection tile after introducing the oxidation resistant ceramic matrix.

Modelling and experimental study of thermo-physiological responses of human exercising in cold environments

A numerical human thermo-physiological model is developed with the consideration of characteristics of exercising people in cold environments. The developed model is characterized by: 1) the concept of net exercise efficiency which is used to correct the calculation of metabolic heat production by excluding mechanical energy; 2) the effects of low temperature on basal metabolic rate and basal blood flow rate; 3) the integration with a multi-layer clothing model to calculate the heat and moisture transfer through the clothing system, which takes into account the air gaps between the clothing layers to reflect the ventilation and air penetration effect from the ambient wind. Human subject experiment is conducted in a climate chamber to validate the proposed model. The human subject experiment is also carried out in a cold environment (−5 °C) combined with different air velocity conditions (still air, 2 m/s), taking into account the activities of different intensities (standing statically, 2 km/h walking and 7 km/h running). Thermo-physiological parameters including the core temperature, 8-point local skin temperatures and the clothing layer temperatures, are measured during the experiment. Comparison between the predicted and experimental results gives the root mean squared error (RMSE) of core temperature and mean skin temperature of 0.06–0.10 °C and 0.17–0.27 °C, respectively. RMSE values for local skin and clothing layer temperatures are no higher than 1.5 °C and most within 0.8 °C. The model is also validated with published data under various ambient temperature and activity intensity conditions. The proposed model is shown to be capable of predict the thermo-physiological responses of people exposed and exercising in cold environments.

Analytical Model for Thermoregulation of the Human Body in Contact with a Phase Change Material (PCM) Cooling Vest

Cooling vests containing phase change materials (PCMs) are used to reduce heat stress in hot environments and maintain the body core temperature within a safe range. The performance of such cooling vests depends in a complicated way on the PCM material and mass, the insulation value of the clothing layers and heat loss to the environment. Conventionally, these performance parameters are evaluated experimentally or using a numerical model, both of which do need a certain amount of evaluation time. The objective of this paper is to develop a transient heat transfer model which includes metabolic heat production in the human body, as well as clothing and PCM layers and radiation to the environment but which is presented as a series of closed-form equations that can be evaluated without the need of a numerical solver. We present solutions for the body and PCM temperature as well as for the heat flux, cooling power and cooling duration. The model equations are validated by comparing them with experiments of ice PCM packs on a hotplate, as well as with published experimental and numerical data for the core temperature, heat flux and percentage of environmental heat loss using a Glauber salt type of PCM. Both the hotplate experiments and the model predictions show that the cooling power during PCM melting drops from about 70 to 32 W for increasing insulation layer thicknesses. In addition, the model is seen to compare well with experimental and simulation data in the literature. In a parametric study, we show how the equations can be used to evaluate the effects of PCM melting temperature and PCM thickness on cooling performance. The paper, therefore, can be considered as a practical means to help select the best cooling vest configuration for workers in a hot and humid environment.

NEW APPROACHES TO THERMAL CALCULATIONS OF VENTILATED CLOTHING

It is shown that the existing mathematical models of heat transfer do not fully take into account the real shape and dimensions of the air layers of ventilated clothing. A numerical modelling method is proposed that takes into account the influence of the morphology of the human body and the physical and mechanical properties of textile materials on the size and shape of the air gap. Peculiarities of convective processes in the air interlayers of ventilated clothing at the ambient temperature of +27 °C are revealed by the calcula-tions. The zones of intensification and deceleration of the air flow under the clothes were revealed. It is shown that the results of calculations are consistent with the results of experimental studies.

Effect of ambient temperature, metabolic heat and clothing insulation on the required external active heating for the survival of humans exposed to sub-zero temperatures

Active heating in extremely cold weather clothing would be useful to save the life of an injured or sick person due to low metabolic rate. A fully dressed thermal manikin is useful in evaluating the performance of the active heating ensemble. The thermal manikin tests are time-consuming and could be done only after making the complete ensemble. An experiment that is designed to evaluate the performance of an active heating fabric fixed to a set of layers of extreme cold climate clothing using a guarded hot plate instrument would save a lot of time as it skips the processes of garmenting and subsequent evaluation on the thermal manikin. In this work, a guarded hot plate placed inside a cold chamber is used to investigate the external heating required for the prolonged comfort of the wearer at various sub-zero ambient temperatures, clothing insulation and metabolic heat. A plain woven active heating fabric sandwiched between a knitted fabric and nonwoven of different insulation/thickness is used to perform experiments. The external heat required to keep the test plate (representing the human skin) at 307 ± 1 K (34 ± 1 °C) is measured at different experimental conditions. Further, a one-dimensional numerical model based on coupled conduction–radiation heat transfer with heat generation was developed and validated with experimental results. The experimental temperature profiles match well with the numerical temperature profiles at different locations, justifying the numerical methodology adopted in this work. This suggests that the developed numerical model would also be useful to estimate the required active heating as per the wearer’s requirement and an available power source. Both the experimental and numerical results suggest that the external active heating required to maintain test plate (skin) temperatures within the human skin comfortable range is a function of ambient temperature, metabolic heat and clothing (nonwoven) insulation.

STUDENTS’ READINESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FACE-TO-FACE LEARNING AT ENGLISH CLASS IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2021/2022

This research aims to know the students’ readiness for limited face-to-face learning in English class in ITB AAS Indonesia in the academic year 2021/2022. This research is descriptive qualitative. The result shows that : (1) approval of the implementation of limited face-to-face learning shows that 65 % of students agree about the implementation of limited face-to-face learning in the academic year 2021/2022. 2) Students’ readiness for the implementation of limited face-to-face learning shows that 1) 75 % of students strongly agree to participate in vaccination activities before joining/participating in limited face-to-face learning activities. 2) 60 % of students strongly agree to take part in limited face-to-face learning to a maximum of 50% of students in one classroom. 3) 70 % of students strongly agree to keep the distance between the seats in English class. 4) 70 % of students strongly agree to avoid crowds both before and after English class. 5) 85 % of students strongly agree to use 3 (three) layers of cloth or disposable masks/surgical masks that cover the nose and mouth when in the campus area and English class. 6) 90 % of students strongly agree to maintain hygiene and health protocols by measuring body temperature, washing hands with soap, and using hand sanitizer when entering campus or English class. 3) Students’ expectation to learn English in the odd semester in the academic year 2021/2022. It shows that 85 % of students agree to learn English in both face-to-face learning and online learning (Blended Learning)”. Related to the students’ choice of online media in face-to-face learning, 65 % of students choose Zoom Meeting besides face-to-face learning. Even though the implementation of learning, the institution still must continue to prioritize the health and safety of campus residents (students, lecturers, education staff) and the surrounding community. In lectures, practicum, studio, field practice, or other forms of learning, the university must meet several conditions.

Simultaneous Fractionation, Desalination, and Dye Removal of Dye/Salt Mixtures by Carbon Cloth-Modified Flow-electrode Capacitive Deionization.

The critical challenges of using electromembrane processes [e.g., electrodialysis and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI)] to recycle resources (e.g., water, salts, and organic compounds) from wastewater are the fractionation of dissolved ionic matter, the removal/recovery of organic components during desalination, and membrane antifouling. This study realized the simultaneous fractionation, desalination, and dye removal/recovery (FDR) treatment of dye/salt mixtures through a simple but effective approach, that is, using a carbon cloth-modified FCDI (CC-FCDI) unit, in which the carbon cloth layer was attached to the surface of each ion-exchange membrane (IEM). The IEMs and carbon-based flow-electrodes were responsible for the fractionation and desalination of dye and salt ions, while the carbon cloth layers contributed to the active membrane antifouling and dye removal/recovery by the electrosorption mechanism. Attributed to such features, the CC-FCDI unit accomplished the effective FDR treatment of dye/salt mixtures with wide ranges of salt and dye concentrations (5-20 g L-1 NaCl and 200-800 ppm methylene blue) and different dye components (cationic and anionic dyes) under various applied voltages (1.2-3.2 V). Moreover, the active membrane antifouling by virtue of the carbon cloth facilitated the excellent and sustainable FDR performance of CC-FCDI. The removal/recovery of dyes from the carbon cloth strongly depends on the characteristics of dye molecules, the surface properties of the carbon cloth, and the local pH at the IEM/CC interfaces. This study sheds light on the strategies of using multifunctional layer-modified FCDI units to reclaim resources from various high-salinity organic wastewater.

Effects of ambient temperature step changes on the heat storage and release in thermal protective clothing

Ambient temperature steps between typical non-work and hot work environments will lead to clothing heat storage and release, which is crucial for human health and thermal comfort. In this study, the influence of five types of ambient temperature steps (from 0ºC/5ºC/10ºC/15ºC/20ºC to 40ºC to 0ºC/5ºC/10ºC/15ºC/20ºC) on the heat storage and release in clothing was investigated using a thermal manikin. A moving and temperature-controlled refrigerated incubator was constructed to realize the temperature step conditions. Results showed that ambient temperature step magnitude was positively related to heat storage and release. Some 80% of the amount of heat storage would be completed in around 10 min after the temperature steps. Increasing the inner clothing layer weight and specific heat capacity for local clothing at the chest, thigh and calf improved their heat storage against the large temperature step conditions. As for the abdomen, its heat storage was the largest. However, the clothing layer configuration impacted its heat release, so it was necessary to guide the heat transfer to the skin. The heat storage in the outer layer was increased by 2% to 39% due to adding the inner layer of the garment. The stored heat discharged completely until the temperature step magnitude exceeded 32.5°C. A multiple linear regression formula was proposed to obtain the clothing average heat storage by considering ambient temperature step magnitude and clothing insulation. The results of this study could contribute to the optimization of thermal protective clothing and improvement of the research on human thermal comfort.

Assessing effectiveness and comfortability of a two-layer cloth mask with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) insert to mitigate COVID-19 transmission

A face mask is essential personal protective equipment to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. While a cloth mask has the least ability to prevent the passage of infectious respiratory droplets through it compared to surgical and N95 masks, the surgical mask does not fit snugly and causes significant air leakage. The synthetic fibers in the latter reduce comfortability and are an allergen for facial eczema. Moreover, the N95 mask causes CO2 inhalation and reduces heat transfer in the nose. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to improve the effectiveness of a two-layer cloth mask by introducing an intermediate, high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter layer. A significant volume of impacted droplets penetrates through a single-layer cloth mask, ejecting secondary droplets from the rear side. However, a two-layer cloth mask prevents this ejection. Despite slowing down the liquid penetration, capillary imbibition through cloth due to its hydrophilicity causes the transport of the liquid into the second layer, resulting in a thin-liquid layer at the mask's rear-side surface and contaminating it. Conversely, the HEPA filter inserted in the cloth mask prevents the imbibition, making the second cloth layer free of contamination. We attribute the impedance to the imbibition by the intermediate HEPA filter layer to its hydrophobic characteristics. We experimentally and analytically assess the role of wettability on capillary imbibition. The breathability measurements of masks show that the HEPA inserted in the cloth mask does not reduce its breathability compared to that of the surgical mask.

PAH contamination of firefighter protective clothing and cleaning effectiveness

The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in firefighter protective clothing used under different conditions (fire suppression operations and live-fire enclosure simulations). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (UHPLC/FL) was applied to determine PAH content in the outer shell, moisture barrier (membrane), and thermal barrier layers of protective clothing. Analysis involved eight PAHs, with the total PAH concentration being strongly dependent on use conditions and clothing layer. The PAH concentration in clothing worn during fire suppression (43 ± 16–63 ± 26 μg g−1) was approx. 10–12 times higher as compared to that in clothing worn during live-fire simulation (4.0 ± 1.1–5.4 ± 1.4 μg g−1). The highest total PAH content (84 ± 41 μg g−1) was found in the membrane of clothing worn during fire suppression (approx. 50 times greater than in the case of live-fire simulation – 1.6 ± 0.99 μg g−1). Cleaning with the use of machine washing removed a considerable part of PAH contamination, with cleaning effectiveness ranging from 79 ± 14% for the outer shell, 63 ± 25% for the membrane to 58 ± 14% for the thermal barrier. Furthermore, in firefighter protective clothing worn during fire suppression operations higher PAH concentrations were detected in samples from the knee region as compared to those from the sleeves.

On Getting Better

On the face of it, Phillips's claim is that we are getting better all the time, or at least that we may do so. For him, “to talk about getting better . . . is to talk about pursuing the life we want.” His book, always suggestive and often brilliant, entails an argument in moral philosophy, roughly in favor of Millean experiments in living. A number of difficulties, however, arise. The first and perhaps the foremost is that the moral philosophy is covered by several layers of sheep's clothing. The first three chapters of the book (“Cure,” “Unsatisfying Pleasures,” “Truth”) put forth a version of psychotherapy that substitutes a cheerful William James for Freud and, ultimately, for every conceivable psychoanalyst. James is also the explicit topic of the fifth and final chapter (“Loose Change”). Phillips argues that James's description of conversion turns out to be a theory of change and that “the new way we should describe change is experimenting with beliefs.” To believe is, for Phillips's James, “to act as if something is true.” The lupine part of Phillips's argument, and the most complex and best section of the book, comes up in the fourth chapter (“On Not Having Experiences”). The picture painted is not rosy. Children, babies, and conceivably the rest of us are depicted there as Humean skeptics, for whom, since there cannot be any future experiences, there really cannot be any criteria for engaging in any particular experiment in living. Alas, our present condition does not allow for any experience of the future—which is to say that pragmatism about the future is just wishful thinking; we cannot experiment with experience. Phillips perceives the deep affinity between Humean and Freudian metaphysics but is unwilling to subscribe to either version. He somehow knows that there is no getting better there.

Effects of SiC content on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of 3D Cf/SiC–Al composites

3D Cf/SiC–Al composites were achieved through the pressure infiltration of liquid Al–Si alloy into porous 3D Cf/SiC preform, which was produced by different cycles of precursor infiltration and pyrolysis. The effect of silicon carbide volume fraction on the microstructure, anisotropic mechanical response, and thermophysical characteristics of the 3D Cf/SiC–Al composites was investigated. The results demonstrated that the initial microstructure of 3D Cf/SiC can be retained, and the obtained Cf/SiC–Al composites presented remarkable anisotropy characteristics. As the silicon carbide ceramics content increased from 12.5 vol% to 41.8 vol%, the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of 3D Cf/SiC–Al composites decreased, whereas the bending strength initially increased and then decreased in the Z-direction. The bending strength perpendicular (Z) to the carbon cloth layer of 3D Cf/SiC–Al composites was higher than that of parallel (X–Y) to the carbon cloth layer. However, a significant anisotropy in the thermal conductivity values was the opposite. The 3D Cf/SiC–Al composite with 1ow ceramic content (17 vol%) had a higher thermal conductivity in the X–Y direction (64 W m−1 K−1) than in the Z-direction (34 W m−1 K−1). The thermal expansion coefficient of all the 3D Cf/SiC–Al composites along the X–Y direction also decreased initially and then increased in the range of 100–450 °C, which presents low expansion characteristics.

Hazmat Dress Model Development for Health Service

Hazmat is one of the personal protective equipment (PPE) used by healthcare professionals to combat infections such as Ebola, SARS, MERS, and the current prevalence of COVID-19. There are several things to consider when making this hazmat clothing. That is a type of hazmat material, standardization, and ease of use. Adding an outer layer of hazmat clothing containing betel leaf (Piper Betle. L) extract in an antibacterial and antiviral spray is expected to increase the safety of healthcare professionals and enhance protection from bacteria/viruses. In this course, we apply Research and Development (R&D) methods. The research steps were carried out experimentally in the laboratory by applying a betel leaf (Piper Betle. L) extract in a spray formulation. Spray formulation prepared at a leaf extract concentration; of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% and sprayed on a hazmat suit. Then the hazmat is used by health workers and tested for the number of bacteria in the laboratory. Based on the research, a spray with 7.5% leaf extract concentration showed maximum antibacterial activity in 16 bacterial colonies before the test and one colony after the test.

Modelling and mechanical design of a flexible tube-guided SMA actuator

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are excellent candidates for wearable actuators since they are thin, low weight and have a high actuation force. The main drawbacks are that the wire should be kept straight and needs to be relatively long to enable a large enough actuation stroke. Embedding the SMA wire in a flexible tube largely enhances its applicability since then the counter forces are transferred by the tube material and the tube can be rolled up or attached to flexible surfaces or clothing layers. The performance of such tube-guided SMA actuators is, however, more complicated since it not only depends on the SMA behaviour but also on the tube materials and the actuator construction.In this research, a simple end-state model for a tube-guided SMA actuator system is proposed. We measure and model both the SMA and tube material properties, including tube creep effects, and derive an approximate prediction for the actuator stroke. Validation experiments showed that the predicted stroke during the second heating and cooling experiments agreed well with the measurements and that the average deviation is 9.6%, even though the deviation is much larger (27.3%) for the maximum applied force.

The effectivity of banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks as an alternative protection during the pandemic

The main transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is through individual droplets of respiratory secretions. Accordingly, the most basic preventive measure is wearing a face mask. Since the issue of medical waste during the pandemic is concerning, developing face masks made of reusable and biodegradable materials is necessary. This study aimed to develop "do-it-yourself"<em> </em>face masks and test the effectiveness of banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks. The design development was conducted by a series of trials for making a mask pattern that can be applied to the cloth. Then, we performed bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) and water resistance tests to investigate the effectiveness of banana leaf-filtered cloth-based face masks. The dimensions of the developed face mask are 20x18 cm, with a semi-duckbill model, consisting of three layers of washable cotton cloth and a pocket designed for the banana leaf filter. Among 34 leaf-filtered face masks, 61.8% showed water resistance abilities. Based on the BFE test, the leaf-filtered face masks contained significantly fewer bacteria (the average of 0.417x10<sup>3 </sup>cfu/cm<sup>2</sup>) compared to the cloth face masks without additional leaf filter (30x10<sup>3 </sup>cfu/cm<sup>2</sup>). Thus, banana leaf-filtered cloth face masks could be considered as alternative protection during the pandemic.

Moisture barrier layer with supplemental chemical and biological protective functionality for firefighting clothing applications

One of the primary constituent layers of fire protective clothing is a flame-retardant, waterproof and breathable moisture barrier, which permits the outward transfer of perspiration from the firefighter’s body, while barring the inward entry of water. The introduction of a chemical and biological resistant functionality can greatly enhance the overall applicability of fire protective clothing. In the present work, a chemical & biological resistant waterproof breathable flame retardant moisture barrier fabric was prepared by laminating a biaxially stretched microporous expanded polytetraflouroethylene (ePTFE) membrane with Activated Carbon Fabric using a hot melt reactive breathable polyurethane adhesive. The developed laminate was found to exhibit an excellent balance of waterproofness (23 kPa) and breathability, which was quantified in terms of water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and water vapour resistance (Ret). High values of WVTR, 1.1025 × 104 ± 9.8×101 g/m2/day complimented with exceptionally low values of Ret, 2.9 m2Pa/W are indicative of its high degree of breathability. Vertical flammability tests clearly revealed the exceptional flame resistance offered by the laminate, where after-flame, after-glow or melt-dripping was not observed and the char length was ∼4.2 cm. Further, the laminate exhibited requisite degree of protection against biological and chemical warfare (CW) agent with no breakthrough of the CW agent being perceived within the time frame of 24 h. The excellent combination of flame retardancy, breathability, waterproofness, chemical and biological protection, bestows the laminate excellent potential for usage as moisture barrier in fire protective clothing applications.

Investigation of thermal comfort and adaptation among the residents of cold climate in the lower Himalayan region of eastern India

Thermal comfort standards are required for overall indoor satisfaction and energy conservation. Even though the lower Himalayan region of Darjeeling has seen rapid growth in population due to its temperate type of climate, and thus resulting in manifold construction of concrete buildings, very few research on the built environment are reported from the region. In this paper, the author has discussed the yearlong thermal comfort study conducted in a naturally ventilated 3-storey un-insulated concrete building located at lower Himalayan region of Darjeeling, India. The mean indoor operative temperature were 16.7°C, 19.0°C and 22.3°C, the clothing insulation were 0.94 clo, 0.78 clo and 0.57 clo and the mean Griffiths’ comfort temperature were 18.1°C, 19.6°C and 22.4°C during the cool, moderate and warm seasons, respectively. Seasonal and gender-wise differences are reported in the paper. A logistic regression is presented to show the variation of single and multiple layers of clothing used by subjects to adapt with the plummeting temperature. A modification in the comfort standards for the region with lower and upper limits as 16.2°C and 23.3°C is also proposed.

Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex Causing Root Rot Disease on Leymus chinensis in China.

Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. is a rhizomatous grass widely grown in the grasslands of Eurasia. With strong fertility and stress resistance, L. chinensis makes an excellent pasture and mowing grass, contributing to animal husbandry and thus playing an important role in the local economy of the northern grassland area in China (Baoyin et al. 2014). During August to September 2019, diseased roots of L. chinensis were collected from an artificially planted grassland (40°47'44" N, 111°43'58″ E, alt. 1049 m) in Shaerqin County, Hohhot, China. Infected plants were scattered across the field with disease incidence up to 2%. Symptoms observed were wilted plants and rotten roots. In order to identify the causal pathogen of root rot on L. chinensis, symptomatic pieces (5 × 5 mm) of grass roots were excised and surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 3-5 s followed by 1% NaClO for 2-3 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, and placed on water agar and incubated at 25°C for 3 days. The mycelia were cut and transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) for subculture. A fungus was consistently isolated, and a strain, named LCH054, was obtained by hyphal tip culture. Culture developed as white and fluffy aerial mycelia, with diffused pink pigment on the reverse side of PDA after culturing at 25℃ for 7 days. A culture of LCH054 was transferred to carnation leaf agar (CLA) (Li et al. 2014) and incubated at 25°C for 10 days. Microconidia were absent but macroconidia were produced. Macroconidia were hyaline, sickle-shaped, and had 4 to 7 septa, 19.8 to 63.6 (mean 43.8) × 1.8 to 5.7 (mean 3.2) μm (n = 100). Chlamydospores were ellipsoidal or subglobose, with thick walls in clumps or chains. All morphological characteristics of LCH054 resembled Fusarium equiseti (Leslie and Summerell 2006). The primers of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (White et al. 1990) and translation elongation factor 1α gene (TEF-1α) (O'Donnell et al. 1998) were used to amplify the isolate, and the fragments were sequenced. BLASTn search in the NCBI database using the ITS and TEF-1α sequences revealed 99 to 100% similarities with F. equiseti. BLAST analysis of the ITS and TEF-1α sequencies in the FUSARIUM-ID database showed them to have 99.21% (500 bp out of 504 bp) and 99.52% (622 bp out of 625 bp) similarities with the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) (strain NRRL 45997) (O'Donnell et al. 2009), respectively. The ITS and TEF1-α sequences were deposited in GenBank as accession numbers MT937067 and MT947530, respectively. The strain LCH054 was identified as a member of the FIESC based on morphological and molecular characteristics. For the pathogenicity test, one hundred of L. chinensis seeds were planted into five pots (12 cm [diameter]) × 15 cm [high]) and kept in a greenhouse under a 16-h photoperiod with temperatures of 20-25°C and 40% relative humidity. The conidial suspension of LCH054 was prepared by washing 7-day old fungal culture grown on CLA medium using sterile deionized water. Conidia were filtered through three layers of sterile cheese cloth, counted, and adjusted to 1 × 105 conidia/ml with a hemocytometer. Forty 1-month-old healthy plants (four pots) were inoculated with 400 ml of conidia suspension using the root drenching method, whereas the inoculum was replaced with 100 ml sterile water on control plants (one pot). Fourteen days after inoculation, all inoculated plants showed the typical symptoms of root rot identical to those observed in the field, whereas the control plants remained healthy. LCH054 was re-isolated from the inoculated plants and identified by the morphological and molecular approaches as described above. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of root rot caused by F. incarnatum-equiseti on L. chinensis in China as well as worldwide. The presence of the pathogen could cause significant economic losses in L. chinensis production. For this reason, strategies for the management and control of this disease should be developed and implemented.