This study introduces a data-driven and theoretical framework to evaluate the Air Lubrication System (ALS) in maritime operations, analyzing its impact on fuel consumption under varied conditions. The operational data from three 325k series ships is used to examine ALS performance over operational scenarios, including different drafts and speeds. The Partial Cavity Drag Reduction (PCDR) model consistently outperformed the Air Layer Drag Reduction (ALDR) model, providing an average fuel consumption savings of 10–15%. Notably, ALS demonstrated enhanced effectiveness at operational speeds above the critical threshold speed of about 9 knots, defined as the minimum speed at which ALS begins to yield net positive energy savings. Additionally, increased draft conditions significantly influenced ALS efficiency; higher drafts increased the compressor power required, reducing the net savings, with net power savings of up to about 4000 kW (approximately 25% reduction in power consumption). This comprehensive evaluation highlights the pivotal role of operational speed and draft in optimizing ALS performance. The integration of data-driven analytics with theoretical insights significantly strengthens the evaluation process, offering a powerful approach that substantiates the ALS's potential to reduce fuel consumption and meet stringent environmental standards, thus providing crucial operational insights for maritime operators.
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