Layer Of Adipose Tissue Research Articles

Neoplastic transformation-linked alterations in arginyl-tRNA synthetase activity

The behavior of the activity of arginyl-tRNA synthetase ( l-arginine: tRNA Arg Ligase(AMP-forming), EC 6.1.1.19) was determined in extracts of rat liver: normal adult, normal proliferating (from developing and from partially hepatectomized rats), and neoplastic (hepatomas of different growth rates) and in extracts of rat kidney cortex and transplantable kidney tumors. The K m values for arginine, ATP, and tRNA of the enzyme of the rapidly growing hepatoma 3924A were the same as those of the enzyme from the liver of control rats. The pH optima of the control and neoplastic livers were in the same range of 7.25–8.0. Taking the hepatic specific activity for arginyl-tRNA synthetase as 100%, deep layer of gut, thymus and testis had higher activity; renal cortex and spleen had the same activity; and skeletal muscle, brain, heart, lung, superficial layer of gut and adipose tissue had lower activity. In a wide spectrum of hepatomas of different growth rates, a significant increase of 1.4–2.4-fold in arginyl-tRNA synthetase activity was observed when compared with that of liver of control normal rats. This elevation in enzyme activity in hepatomas appears to be specific to neoplasia, since it is unaltered in regenerating and low in differentiating liver. The increase in arginyl-tRNA synthetase in the liver tumors appears to be transformation-linked, since the activity was increased in all hepatomas, even in the slowest growing ones. Furthermore, the increase in enzyme activity was not limited to hepatic neoplasms, since a rise was also observed in transplantable rat kidney tumors. Thus, the reprogramming of gene expression in neoplastic tissue entails an increase in arginine-tRNA synthetase activity.

Histochemical and Electron-microscopical Findings in the Pineal Organ of Carassius gibelio (Langsd.)

Publisher Summary The photosensory function of the pineal organ is well established in several electronmicroscopical Studies. Details of the nervous organization in the pineal organ of fish are few because the Golgi methods do not work in the pineal organ. This chapter presents the study of the nervous organization of the pineal organ in funa, Carassius gibelio Langsdorfi , with histochemical and transmission electron-microscopical methods. The brain of a funa, which has a bodylength of 20 cm, is 20 mm long. A thin pineal stalk with a length of 4-5 mm, surrounded by the dorsal sac, originates from the roof of the diencephalon and passes through a thick layer of adipose tissue to end in a T-shaped pineal end-vesicle with a diameter of 3 mm and a height of 1 mm, situated under the bone of the skull in the rostral forebrain region.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY COPPER ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE LIPIDS AND ON THE LEVEL AND COMPOSITION OF PLASMA FREE FATTY ACIDS IN GROWING PIGS FED INDIVIDUALLY OR IN GROUPS

The influence of dietary copper on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue lipids was investigated using 24 pigs, fed individually or in groups of six. Barley–fishmeal diets with and without 250 ppm supplemental copper were fed. There were no statistically significant effects on growth or carcass quality due to either dietary copper or method of feeding. There were significant increases (P < 0.001) in the copper content of the liver and kidney of the pigs fed diets containing supplemental copper. Dietary copper increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (P < 0.01) in both the total lipid extract and the triglyceride fraction of the outer layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Similar but less marked trends were observed in the monoglyceride, diglyceride and FFA fractions. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences between fractions with the FFA fraction having the lowest proportion of the major saturated acids (16:0, 18:0) and the highest proportion of the unsaturated acids (18:1, 18:2). Group feeding increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids. Increases in the concentration of all plasma FFA were observed in the fasting state. Relative proportions of plasma FFA were also significantly different between the fed and fasted state. Females had a significantly higher concentration of FFA than castrated males. Main treatments were without consistent effects on plasma FFA composition or concentration.

Do corticosteroids control heat production in hibernators?

Present experiments indicate that in hedgehogs two different control mechanisms of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) exist. 1. During arousal from hibernation catecholamines control heat production in the interscapular brown adipose tissue. 2. In a non-hibernating state, cold-induced NST is controlled by a desoxycorticosterone-like acting compound. The effector system of this second mode of NST is obviously not the interscapular brown fat pad but a layer of brown adipose tissue which covers the whole back of the hedgehog.

Variation in lipid composition through the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs.

AbstractSerial samples were taken at regular intervals through the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue of pigs and the lipid and fatty acid composition of each was determined. The triglycerides from the region immediately beneath the skin contained a much higher proportion of oleic acid and correspondingly less of the other fatty acids than did the triglycerides from the remainder of the tissue; there was a similar but less marked increase in the proportion of oleic acid in the triglycerides from the innermost sections of adipose tissue. There was a distinct discontinuity in the fatty acid composition at the line of connective tissue between the inner and outer layers of adipose tissue. The chemical changes were correlated with the morphological appearance of the tissue by histological examination.

REPAIR OF POSTAURICULAR FISTULA BY MEANS OF A FREE FAT GRAFT

The successful employment of free fat grafts elsewhere in the body has suggested this method of closing postauricular openings resulting from mastoid operations. Dr. Wells P. Eagleton 1 used bone chips during the war as a filling substance in closing old mastoid wounds, and it was due to his proposal that we first used fat for this purpose. Fat placed in the orbit after the enucleation of an acutely infected eye shows great resistance to infection, and will practically always remain, in part, to form a satisfactory stump. Depressed and adherent scars may be excised and the cut edges elevated into proper position by the insertion of fat beneath the skin. It is a clinical fact that skin heals more readily where a layer of adipose tissue is present under the corium. The experiments of Hartwell 2 demonstrated the importance of fat in the healing of surgical wounds.

Dry-air and long-term water (thermally indifferent) baths for the treatment of chronic nephritis

Case VІ. Patient O. A., 45 years old, a peasant. Admitted to the clinic on October 10, 1906 with complaints of edema of the face, abdomen, extremities, penis and scroti, significant shortness of breath when walking even on an even place, frequent headaches and a feeling of general weakness. Considers himself sick since September 15, 1906: first, after drinking cold water, a sore throat (probably Angina); after 3-4 days the pain disappeared, but the face and legs began to swell up to the knees, and then the swelling of the arms and abdomen appeared. Of the illnesses suffered earlier, it indicates gonorrhoeam, a "fever" that has been a few times, but not for long. At the time, the patient had scrofula (a white cicatricial spot on the skin of the abdomen in the mesogastrii dextri area is still present). I consumed alcoholic beverages in quite significant quantities. There are no clear indications on Lues. The patient is of average height, correct body build and satisfactory nutrition. The musculoskeletal system and the layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue are sufficiently developed. The color of the skin and visible mucous membranes is rather pale. There are significant ascites and anasarca (fluctuatio vera pronounced clearly). The upper boundaries of both lungs are normal. The lower ones are moved one intercostal space up. The right border of the superficial dullness of the heart is the right edge of the sterni; upper lower edge of the third rib, pushing of the heart apex in the Ѵ-m intercostal space (left side of the chest wall), 2 ctm. outwards from Linea mamil. sinistra. The pulse is low, low filling, normal frequency, correct.