Lawshe Formula Research Articles

Validation of a Questionnaire for Emotional Leadership in Educational Center Managers

The primary objective of the research was to validate the Emotional Leadership Questionnaire for Training, as proposed by McKee et al. (2008). The study included a sample of 97 school principals. An analysis of the original questionnaire was conducted, which comprises four factors and 25 items. Of these, three items and 13 factors were retained. The results demonstrated an optimal fit of the model and high-reliability indices. This instrument provides a practical self-perception tool to assess emotional leadership, underscoring the importance of empathy, adaptability, and self-knowledge in the training of school principals. The content validity was established through the assessment of 15 experts using Lawshe's formula, which demonstrated the validity of all items and dimensions. The reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha and Omega indices, which yielded values between 0.77 and 0.86 and between 0.79 and 0.87, respectively. These results indicate high reliability for all factors. Construct validity was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis.

Development, Validation, and feasibility of Integrated Yoga module on Anidra (Insomnia)

Background: Insomnia is described as "a complaint of trouble beginning or maintaining sleep associated with daily effects that are not attributed to environmental factors or insufficient chances to sleep." According to the study, Yoga was shown to be safe and effective in improving sleep for individuals experiencing insomnia (Anidra). In this study, an Integrated Yoga Module (IYM) was specifically designed to manage Anidra (Insomnia). Method: The IYM was designed following a thorough review of classical yoga texts and prior research. Twenty-five yoga experts meeting the inclusion criteria were selected to validate the content of the IYM. The IYM comprised a total of 42 yoga practices, with each practice undergoing discussion and evaluation, categorized as (1) effective, (2) useful but less effective, or (3) not effective. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was calculated using Lawshe's formula. The feasibility of the IYM was assessed by experts using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). To evaluate the feasibility of the intervention, we applied the developed program to 40 participants (20 in each group) in control and experimental groups for 45 days, with sessions conducted five days a week. Result: Data analysis revealed that, among the 22 IYM practices, 17 demonstrated significant content validity with a CVR exceeding the 0.44 cut-off, as determined by Lawshe's formula. Conversely, five yoga practices fell below the 0.44 CVR and were therefore rejected. Moreover, a significant improvement in sleep quality was observed in the experimental group. Conclusion: The yoga module designed and validated for the management of insomnia or A nidra is acknowledged as well accepted with good content validity and an efficacious program for insomnia management.

Kelayakan Pop up Book Sub Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati

The aim of this research is to determine how the media pop up in learning biology sub-material utilization of biodiversity based on the results of ethnobotany high blood pressure reduction drugs in the village of Mekar Main district of Ketapang. The technique used is with interviews, observations, and documentation which is a combination of triangulation techniques. The media validation of the pop-up book with a validator of five people, including a professor of Biology Education at FKIP University tanjungpura consisted of two people, and a teacher of biology subjects consisting of three people from different high schools/MAs. Validation analysis of pop up book media using Lawshe's formula, with 12 evaluation criteria, obtained a CVI score of 0.96 and considered valid. This means that the pop-up book media is worthy and can be used as a biology learning medium on biodiversity exploitation sub-materials.

Design and Validation of Clinical Education Curriculum Pattern Based on Social Accountability for General Medicine Course: A Mixed Method Study

Introduction: In the social accountability of the curriculum, all medical education activities are aimed at training doctors who are able to meet the health needs of society. In Iran's medical education system, there is a weakness in responding to the needs of society, and the connection between students and society has gradually weakened. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a clinical education curriculum model based on social accountability for general medicine students. Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed-method approach was used to conduct this study at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The model was designed using the inductive content analysis method in the qualitative stage and validated through the descriptive-survey method in the quantitative stage. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, the method of studying previous documents, scientific texts and semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists was used, and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was used. The model was developed using the views of 14 professors and 5 general practitioners, selected through purposive and sequential sampling until information saturation was reached. The model was validated by obtaining opinions from 15 experts using a purposeful and criteria-based method. The content validity ratio (CVR) was estimated using the Lawshe's formula. Results: In the qualitative phase, this study identified the characteristics of an ideal clinical education curriculum for a general medicine course based on a social responsibility approach. The characteristics identified were based on the four elements of Tyler's model. Based on the findings of this part of the research, the extracted codes in 114 subcategories and 13 main categories include goals: knowledge, attitude, and skills; Content: clinical sciences and skills, health sciences, behavioral sciences, social and professional ethics, communication and leadership skills, and content organization; Teaching-learning methods: educational strategies, and teaching-learning methods; Assessment methods: performance assessment in vivo, performance assessment in vitro, and essay assignments. In the quantitative phase, the designed model's components and elements underwent validation through expert agreement and received approval with a content validity ratio of CVR=0.81. Conclusion: In the proposed pattern, the clinical competencies required by general practitioners were the main focus of designing, explaining and describing curriculum elements. Also, this model is designed in such a way that it can meet the needs of society and medical students. It is suggested that medical school officials and curriculum planners use the proposed model in designing the curriculum of general medicine courses to enable medical students to respond to the needs of society.

Kelayakan Media Booklet pada Submateri Keanekaragaman Hayati Kelas X

This research aims to determine the feasibility of booklet media for class X high school biodiversity material. The method used in this research is research and development. The procedure used is the development model according to Borg & Gall which is adapted to the needs of researchers. The Borg & Gall development procedures are potential and problems, data collection, product design and design validation. The validation instrument used in this research was the booklet media validation sheet. Validation was carried out by five validators consisting of two biology education lecturers and three high school biology teachers. The validation results were then analyzed using the Lawshe formula. From the Lawshe formula, we use a validation sheet which is equipped with assessment criteria which can be seen in the validated results and discussion section. This research shows that the booklet media on biodiversity material is declared valid. Therefore, this booklet media on biodiversity material is suitable for use as a learning medium.

Design and Validation of Behavioral Skills Promotion of Health Volunteers Questionnaire in Disasters

Background & Aim: Health volunteers are the main members of the healthcare system in dealing with critical situations. The present study aimed to design and validate the behavioral skills promotion of health volunteers’ questionnaires in disasters in Iran. Materials & Methods: A five-point Likert (totally agree 5, totally disagree 1) was used to score the questionnaire. The questionnaire’s items were reviewed by 14 experts, and after content validity with Lawshe's formula, four items were removed and the number of items was reduced to 43 items. In this stage, 500 Red Crescent volunteers completed the questionnaire availability. Then, by examining the factor analysis, five items did not factor loads and were discarded. Finally, 38 items remained. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the behavioral skills promotion of health volunteer’s questionnaire model was fitted Results: The findings of this study indicated that this questionnaire has good validity for the whole questionnaire and factors with Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. Moreover, the factor analysis results indicated that there were seven factors, which explained 60.52% of the total variance. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the questionnaire on behavioral skills promotion of health volunteers in disasters is a valid and reliable instrument in the case of critical situations in Iran.

Development and content validation of yoga module for the mental health of NICU mothers

BackgroundPostnatal yoga has been found to be effective for maternal mental health management. But a validated yoga module for the mental health of early postpartum mothers with infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is lacking. AimTo design and validate a yoga module for the mental health of early postpartum mothers having infants admitted to the NICU. Materials and methodsFirst phase: A yoga module was designed through a review of published research articles and yogic texts for NICU mothers. Second phase: thirty-eight yoga experts validated the yoga module. Lawshe's formula was used to calculate each item's content validity ratio (CVR). The intra-class correlation coefficient was determined for the validated yoga module. Third phase: The validated yoga module was pilot-tested with a sample size of 20 NICU mothers. ResultsThirty-eight yoga experts validated the yoga module for NICU mothers. Thirteen practices included in the module indicated good content validity (cutoff value: 0.316). The module's content validity index (CVI) and intra-class correlation coefficient were 0.672 and 0.924, respectively. Ten days of practicing the yoga module resulted in a significant reduction in maternal stress levels in the yoga group (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (p = 0.427). ConclusionThe present study suggests good content validity of the yoga module for the mental health of NICU mothers. However, future randomized controlled trials must be carried out to determine both the feasibility and clinical efficacy of the Yoga Module for NICU mothers.

Ethical-Attitudinal Profile of Future Peruvian Educators in New Normality

To determine the ethical-attitudinal profile of university students in the education career during the pandemic with a tendency towards a new normality. University students of the education career were surveyed online, in an ethical key (axiological attitude, moral attitude and attitude towards new normality). The research was descriptive of univariate hypothesis, with non-probabilistic snowball sampling, reaching a sample of 480 participants. The Ethical-Attitudinal Profile Scale (EPEA) was designed, whose reliability was 0.93 in Lawshe's formula and 0.89 in Cronbach's Alpha. In the axiological attitude, values were obtained more frequently: respect with 79%, sincerity with 73%, prudence with 72%. In the moral attitude, a polar result is contrasted between laxity (67%) and kindness (45%); while, in the attitude towards new normality, there was no spike in frequencies, being distributed more homogeneously between indicators, with a low resilience index. There is an adequate evaluative profile of the university students of the education career despite the context of the pandemic and the trend towards a new normality; having a moral attitude of laxity inferred by the circumstances of uncertainty that are experienced in adverse contexts.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Persian version of inflammatory bowel disease-fatigue (IBD-F) self-assessment questionnaire.

This study appraises the psychometrics properties of the Inflammatory bowel disease-fatigue (IBD-F) Persian version questionnaire. The original IBD-F questionnaire was translated into the Persian version in a standard forward-back manner. The validation was performed through the face, content, and construct validity. Fifteen experts scored each item's necessity on an ordinal Likert scale of three; then, the content validity ratio was calculated using the Lawshe formula. Eight judges from pre-defined panel rated each item on an ordinal 4-point Likert scale concerning its relevancy, clarity, and simplicity for individual-CVI calculation. The mean individual-CVI was considered as the Scale-CVI for each domain. Twenty lay experts (selected from the target population) were asked to express their opinion on each item's importance by scoring on a 5-point Likert scale; subsequently, face validity was determined by the impact score formula. The questions that had minimum values of CVR, CVI, and impact score were retained in the final version of the questionnaire for reliability evaluation. Construct validity was evaluated via Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were checked using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Fifty-four patients recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to participate in the reliability analysis. All the questions received the qualified values of CVR (exceeding 0.49 points) and impact score (more than 1.5 points) and were retained in the questionnaire; however, revisions were made for questions with a CVI 0.7-0.9 for clarity and simplicity. The result demonstrated relative goodness CFA and proper internal consistency, as Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.964 for the test (0.845 and 0.963 for the first and second part of the questionnaire, respectively (and 0.888 for the re-test (0.793 and 0.876 for the first and second section of the questionnaire, respectively). The ICC values between test and re-test for the first and second part and the whole questionnaire were obtained as 0.904, 0.922, and 0.921, respectively. The Persian version of the IBD-F questionnaire was valid and reliable; thus, an appropriate scale was deemed to measure fatigue (severity, frequency, and impact on daily activities).

Pengembangan dan efektivitas model konseling behavioral teknik penguatan positif serta teknik modeling untuk meningkatkan kemandirian anak usia dini

This study aims to produce a design of a counseling guide, determine the validity of the contents of the guidebook, find out the practicality of the guidebook and know the effectiveness of the behavioral counseling guidebook with strengthening techniques and modeling techniques to increase early childhood independence. This study uses the research and development method using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develope, Dissiminate). The assessors were five experts in the field of guidance and counseling as well as PAUD teacher practitioners in schools. In this assessment using 28 questionnaires that refer to the validity of the contents of the guidebook, 30 questionnaire items that refer to the practicality of the guidebook and 10 items of child independence assessment found on the observation sheet. Then an analysis was carried out using the lawshe formula with the results of the content validity analysis getting the CVR for each item more than 0 (CVR&amp;gt; 0) and no items with less value were found; of 0 (CVR&amp;lt;0). The CVI score is 1, it can be interpreted that the feasibility of this guidebook is high for development, the practicality test of the guidebook on the assessment of 10 guidance and counseling practitioners is declared practical (90%), (4) the effectiveness of the guidebook obtains a sig (2-tailed) value 0.000 or below 0.05 so that it can be said that the behavioral counseling guidebook is effective for increasing children's independence and produces a behavioral guidebook with positive reinforcement techniques and modeling to increase early childhood independence.

Pengembangan instrumen pengukuran kesehatan mental (mental health inventory) setelah pandemi Covid-19 pada siswa SMP

&lt;p&gt;This study aims to develop an instrument for students' mental health in junior high schools. In order to fulfill this, research was carried out using the Research and Development (R&amp;amp;D) method. The development model used was the development of instruments from Prof. Nyoman Dantes with 10 steps of development, namely: 1) setting test objectives, 2) analysis of references and other learning resources, 3) compiling grids, 4) writing test items, 5) examining questions (conceptual validity), 6) revision/improvement questions, 7) limited test reproduction, 8) initial test trials and core trials (empirical validity), 9) analysis of test results (validity tests), and 10) assembling test items into tests. In testing the validity of the researcher used the Lawshe Formula with 3 Counseling Guidance lecturers and 2 experts in the field of mental health to test the appropriateness of the developed instrument containing 50 questions. To test the level of validity in a limited way, the researcher used Product Moment correlation with the help of the SPSS program which involved 60 respondents, to test the wider validity, the researcher involved 250 respondents. To test the reliability, researchers used Alpha Cronbach involving 250 respondents, while the data collection was aimed at class XI at Junior High School 2 Singaraja and Junior High School 6 Singaraja which were drawn randomly via Google form. In the distribution, the CVI value was 1 and the reliability was 0.963 so that it was included in the very high category and the instrument was declared feasible for measuring students' mental health.&lt;/p&gt;

Pengembangan instrumen pengukuran prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa sekolah menengah pertama

This study aims to identify and describe (1) the content validity of the instrument for measuring academic procrastination in junior high school students (2) the empirical validity of the instrument for measuring academic procrastination in junior high school students (3) the reliability of the instrument for measuring academic procrastination in junior high school students. This research is a development research (R&amp;amp;D). The procedure for developing this research uses ten steps in the development of the djemari mardapi instrument. Data was collected through observation and distributing questionnaires. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the content validity test with the Lawshe formula, empirical validity test with the internal grain consistency formula (Product Moment), and reliability test with the formula (Alpha Cronbach). The results of the data analysis, based on the results of the internal empirical test for the consistency of the instrument items for measuring academic procrastination in students, obtained the results rxy (hit) &amp;gt; rxy (tab), indicating that overall the items were declared valid. While the results of the reliability test of the instrument for measuring academic procrastination in students amounted to 0.889 included in the results of the classification "Very High".

Pengembangan panduan konseling CBT teknik kognitif dispute serta modeling untuk meningkatkan self-efficacy kesehatan reproduksi siswa

&lt;p&gt;The aim of this study was to (1) produce the design of a counseling guide, (2) determine the validity of the contents of the guide, (3) determine the practicality of the guidebook, and (4) understand the effectiveness of the CBT Counseling, Counseling handbook with Cognitive Dispute and Modelling Techniques to Improve Self-Efficacy of Reproductive Health for Middle School Students. This research method uses research and development (R&amp;amp;D) with the 4D (Four D) model developed by Thiagarajan, using a questionnaire instrument. Expert testers of guide product involve five Guidance and Counseling experts. The results of this study indicates that (1) produce a CBT counseling guidebook, and (2) test the validity of the Lawshe formula for the contents of the guidebook. The results obtained from the validity test using Lawshe CVR and CVI showed that the per-item value was greater than zero (CVR&amp;gt;0). Furthermore, the results of the Lawshe CVI analysis obtained a score of one. Based on the data analysis, it mean that the content validity value of the guidebook product is the high, meaning it is consideres feasible to be develop.(3) the practicality test of the guidebook on the assessment of 10 guidance and counseling practitioners is declared practical (90%), (4) the effectiveness of the guidebook obtains a sig value (2- tailed) is &amp;lt; 0.001 or below 0.05 so that it can be said that the CBT counseling guidebook is effective in increasing students' reproductive health self-efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;

Development and validation of rapidPrakritianalysis tool for a standard clinical approach

Background: A specific prakriti is formed for each person by tridosha at the moment when sperm and ovum unite within the uterus. The prakriti evaluation is of vital relevance for research and standardization of therapeutic practice. The current accessible prakriti assessment tools are not destined to be applied in clinical settings, which necessitates the adoption of simple and flexible ones. Hence, this study was conducted to develop a precise, less-technical instrument for prakriti analysis that is quick to assess and exhibit long-term use in healthcare system. Materials and Methods: The content validity of prakriti analysis tool was assessed by panel of 17 skilled ayurvedic physicians. The prakriti analysis tool was developed on the basis of ayurvedic classic texts. A total of 30 items were included in the tool and each item was rated as (i) not essential, (ii) useful but not essential and (iii) essential. The content validity ratio (CVR) was determined by applying Lawshe formula. The CVR calculation was done for all the 30 items of prakriti analysis tool. The items with CVR ≤ 0.45 were excluded from the final scale. To quantify the content validity of tool, content validity index (CVI) at the levels of item (I-CVI) and average-based scale (S-CVI/Ave) were also estimated. Results: The results showed that CVR for item number 4, 7, 9, 10, 16 27, 29 and 30 was less than 0.45. Therefore, from the final prakriti tool these items were removed. In this way the final prakriti analysis tool contains 22 items with CVR ≥ 0.45 which is satisfactory. Further, item level content validity was computed for all the 22 items which ranged from 0.76 to 1. The S-CVI/Ave was also excellent which is equivalent to 0.90. Conclusion: The findings of study infer that prakriti analysis tool is consistent, reliable and worthy of being used on a broad scale to assess greater diversity among healthy volunteers and patients.

Pengembangan Panduan Konseling Cognitive Behavioral dengan Teknik Mindfulness untuk Mengatasi Trauma pada Anak-anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual

&lt;p&gt;This study aims to (1) describe the design of the counseling guide, (2) find and analyze the magnitude of the effectiveness of implementation counseling guide, (3) find out the practicality of the guidebook, and (4) find out the acceptability of the cognitive behavioral counseling guide with mindfulness techniques to address child victims of sexual violence. This research use Research and Development (R&amp;amp;D) method with 4D models (Four D), and use a traumatic scale questionnaire instrument. Expert testing of the guidebook product involved 4 experts from Guidance and Counseling, as well as 1 expert from the Sanglah General Hospital Psychologist and 1 expert from Buleleng District General Hospital Psychiatrist. The results of this study indicates (1) produce a cognitive behavioral counseling guidebook, (2) the validity of the manual using the Lawshe formula, the results are obtained CVR each item is 1 (CVR&amp;gt;0). CVI score obtained is 1, it can be stated that the feasibility of this guidebook is high for further development, (3) the practicality test of the guidebook on the assessment of 5 practitioners in P2TP2A was stated to be very practical (92%), (4) the effectiveness of the guidebook obtained a significant value of 0.000 or less than 0.05, it means the cognitive behavioral counseling manual is effectively used to overcome trauma to child victims of sexual violence in Buleleng Regency.&lt;/p&gt;

Development and Validation of Yoga Protocol for Patients with Depression.

Scientific evidence suggests that yoga is beneficial for treating mental health disorders. To the best of our knowledge, minimal studies have been done on the development of a yoga module for the specific clinical aspects of depression and there is no particular study on yoga protocol development for mild depression and moderate depression. The primary aim of this study is to develop specific yoga protocol modules for treating patients affected with mild and moderate depression. Yoga protocols for treating mild and moderate depression were developed using classical yoga texts, previous literature, and with the help of yoga experts. 26 practices for mild depression and 35 practices for moderate depression were identified, each of which was scored as (a) not essential, (b) useful but not essential, and (c) essential, and content validity ratio (CVR) determined using Lawshe's formula for the validation. Expert's opinion revealed that 13 out of 28 practices and 12 out of 35 practices showed significant CVR (>0.60) for mild and moderate depression. The yoga practices developed based on experts' opinion is the first step toward the development of a validated protocol for mild and moderate depression. This will be assessed for its effectiveness through a randomized controlled study to confirm the module's efficiency.

Effect of the problem-based adolescent reproductive health module on students’ life skills and attitudes

This study aimed to analyze the effect of the implementation of a problem-based adolescent reproductive health module on students’ life skills and positive attitudes toward reproductive health. It was quasi-experimental research by applying a randomized pretest-posttest control group design, involving junior high school students who were divided into two groups, namely experimental and control groups. The data collection was conducted by using a life skills test and an attitude scale questionnaire as instruments. The instrument validity was tested by applying the Lawshe formula. The instrument’s reliability was tested using the Alpha-Cronbach formula. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was used to analyze the data collected. The research results indicated that learning by using a problem-based adolescent reproductive health module had a positive impact on the students' life skills and attitudes toward their reproductive health. Learning about the human reproductive system by using the module motivates the students to search for answers to the questions given at the beginning of the material. Based on those findings, learning using this module is recommended as one program to teach students (adolescents) education on reproductive health.

Feasibility of Flash Flipbook Media of Fungi Classification Based on the Fungi Inventory in Mount Pemangkat

This study aims to find out the feasibility of flash flipbook media based on the results of macroscopic fungi inventory found in the Mount Pemangkat Protected Forest, Sambas Regency. The form of research used is quantitative descriptive methods. The creation of flash flipbook media is enriched with the richness of local fungi found in the Protected Forest of Mount Pemangkat, Sambas Regency. Flash flipbook media is validated by five validators, including two lecturers of Biology Education Tanjungpura University and three high school teachers who were determined using purposive sampling techniques. Flipbook flash media validation sheets are assessed using the Likert scale and data analysis based on the Lawshe Formula (1975). Validation of flash flipbook media obtained a CVI (Content Validity Index) value of 0.94, so it is declared feasible and can then be used as a learning medium in the fungi classification sub-material and provide additional information about the diversity of mushrooms in the surrounding environment for students of class X high school.

Development of Group Counseling with Modeling Techniques to Increase Efficiency in Career Decisions of Students

This study aims to develop a guidebook for group counseling on modeling techniques to improve self-efficacy in career decision making for vocational students. This research is a type of research and development (R&amp;D). The product acceptance tester of this manual involves 5 experts and practitioners of guidance and counseling. Testing the validity of the content of the manual product using the Lawshe formula and testing the effectiveness by finding the effective contribution (nn effect size) using the Cohen-D formula. The results of the acceptance test data analysis with the Lawshe CVR test obtained a value per item (CVR&gt; 0 or 1) for all items, then the results of the Lawshe CVI analysis obtained a score of 1, then this result means that the value of the content validity of the product content of the group counseling guidebook Modeling technique is high, calculate the effectiveness of the guidebook and get the results 3.17 So based on the value of the effectiveness of the above then according to the criteria. If the value of effect size &gt; 0.50 then the group counseling guide modeling technique is effective to minimize self-efficacy students'in making career decisions. This shows that the level of effectiveness of the modeling technique group counseling guidebook for SMK students is very good, so it is important to develop it for students in school.

Development of Transactional Analysis Techniques Group Counseling Guidebook to Improve Students' Self Esteem

This research has purposes to test the feasibility of a transactional analysis technique group counseling guidebook to improve the self-esteem of vocational students. The guidebook product acceptance tester involved 5 experts and guidance and counseling practitioners. Testing the validity of the content of the manual product using the Lawshe formula. The result of the research based on content validity analysis is that the CVR value per item is greater than 0 (CVR &gt; 0) and there is no item with a value less than 0 (CVR &lt; 0). Furthermore, the results of the Lawshe CVI analysis obtained a score of 1, it can be interpreted that the acceptance of this guidebook is very high. So based on the value of the acquisition of effectiveness above, according to the criteria, showing an effect size value &gt; 0.50, the transactional analysis technique group counseling guide can be accepted.