Law School Students Research Articles

Moral reconciling at career launch: politics, race, and occupational choice

Abstract Recent research suggests that college-educated young adults, especially those who are politically liberal and/or racially marginalized, exhibit moral reservations about their intended occupations. How do they justify entering occupations that conflict with their morals, and with what consequences? This article examines the case of 74 mostly liberal prospective law school students from a range of racial backgrounds followed over 2 years. In interviews at career launch, respondents criticized the legal profession for its perceived perpetuation of inequality and violence. Despite their moral reservations, they articulated three occupational justification narratives for attending law school: lifting up (exceptional lawyering); leveraging out (legal education for nonlawyer aspirations); and leaning in (conscientious class mobility/maintenance). These narratives differentiate between morally ‘good’ and ‘bad’ occupational domains—a cultural-cognitive process we term moral reconciling. We theorize how moral reconciling at career launch charts young adults down different early career trajectories, with implications for occupational sorting and change.

Adaptation and Validation of Learned Helplessness Scale in Chinese Law School Students.

This study aims to translate and validate the Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS) for use in the educational context and specifically among Chinese law school students. Understanding learned helplessness in the context of Chinese law students can provide unique insights into the interaction of legal education, psychological health, and cultural influences, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of learned helplessness. A total of 711 Chinese college students from two law schools participated in this study. The Learned Helplessness Scale (LHS) was translated into Chinese using forward and backward translation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and construct validity were conducted to assess the dimensionality of the Chinese version of the LHS (Chinese LHS). The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the Chinese LHS has a four-factor structure consisting of 14 items, which accounted for 50% of the total variance. The subsequent confirmatory factor analysis further supported this four-factor structure. The internal consistency of the Chinese LHS was found to be medium to high, with Cronbach's α values ranging from 0.63 to 0.87 for the subfactors, and 0.79 for the total scale. In addition, concurrent validity is also confirmed. The 14-item version of the Chinese LHS is a psychometric sound instrument for assessing learned helplessness among Chinese law school students.

Validity, Reliability, and Fairness Evidence for the JD‐Next Exam

At a time when institutions of higher education are exploring alternatives to traditional admissions testing, institutions are also seeking to better support students and prepare them for academic success. Under such an engaged model, one may seek to measure not just the accumulated knowledge and skills that students would bring to a new academic program but also their ability to grow and learn through the academic program. To help prepare students for law school before they matriculate, the JD‐Next is a fully online, noncredit, 7‐ to 10‐week course to train potential juris doctor students in case reading and analysis skills. This study builds on the work presented for previous JD‐Next cohorts by introducing new scoring and reliability estimation methodologies based on a recent redesign of the assessment for the 2021 cohort, and it presents updated validity and fairness findings using first‐year grades, rather than merely first‐semester grades as in prior cohorts. Results support the claim that the JD‐Next exam is reliable and valid for predicting law school success, providing a statistically significant increase in predictive power over baseline models, including entrance exam scores and grade point averages. In terms of fairness across racial and ethnic groups, smaller score disparities are found with JD‐Next than with traditional admissions assessments, and the assessment is shown to be equally predictive for students from underrepresented minority groups and for first‐generation students. These findings, in conjunction with those from previous research, support the use of the JD‐Next exam for both preparing and admitting future law school students.

Patriotic education of a student’s linguistic personality (on the example of the academic discipline «Lawyer’s speech culture»)

The paper considers the possibility of a comprehensive educational impact on the patriotic development of a student’s linguistic personality when mastering a speech discipline. Currently, the patriotic consciousness of young people becomes the basis of national security and acquires strategic importance in state policy. In higher education, including law school, the issues of patriotism are given great importance. The formation of a future professional correlates with the idea of the phenomenon of linguistic personality, reflecting communicative and ideological features. At present, the linguodidactic potential of patriotic education of students during the study of foreign languages is being actively studied. It seems relevant to combine the educational and educational process in the native language as part of the study of the discipline of speech culture. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological recommendations for the preparation of text tasks that ensure the formation of the linguistic personality of a law school student in the aspect of patriotic education based on the material of the academic discipline «Lawyer’s speech Culture». In the process of research, teaching methods are used that provide for the cognitive activity of students. The educational component is provided by the content of text tasks that actualize in practice the theoretical basis of the speech discipline. As a result of the research, it is revealed that the content of patriotic texts as part of didactic tasks, as well as topics related to issues of patriotism proposed for discussion at debates, cause a great emotional response among students. Performing tasks, students express correct value judgments, which indicates the effectiveness of educational influence. The conducted research in practice confirms the effectiveness of the educational approach that contributes to the development of patriotic consciousness of the student’s linguistic personality.

СТИЛЕВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СЛУШАТЕЛЕЙ ЯЗЫКУ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ

The article is devoted to the methodology of studying the language of the specialty by foreign students of universities of the legal profile of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The article assesses various approaches to professionally-oriented teaching of foreign students, methods of formation of professional language competencies, taking into account the humanitarian profile of the educational organization. The author points out the need to combine traditional and innovative teaching methods based on the linguistic and stylistic features of the specialty language, the introduction of effective methods and techniques of language training of students. In addition, the author draws attention to the problems, which one has to face in pedagogical practice in the process of learning the specialty language in law schools: a large amount of theoretical material for memorization; complexity of the language of law, stylistic features of legal texts; lack of practical, professional experience among students; low level of coordination of curricula between language and specialized departments on the issues of teaching the specialty language. The article contains recommendations for optimizing the process of professionally-oriented training of foreign students in law schools: the need for indepth linguistic and stylistic analysis of texts in the specialty in practical classes in a foreign language; increasing motivation for professionally-oriented communication (studying a specialty through language and language through a specialty); improving methodological support of the educational process (creation of integrated interdisciplinary educational-methodological developments combining professional and linguistic aspects); optimization of the curriculum by introducing specialized linguistic academic disciplines.

A content analysis study exploring the marketing messages communicated to prospective female law school and MBA students

American law schools (JD) and Master of Business (MBA) programmes have made strides to recruit female students over the last two decades. As these schools begin to see an equal number of female and male students applying to their programmes, will these graduate programmes continue to market to prospective female students? This paper aims to understand how American JD and MBA programmes market to prospective female graduate students through the graduate programme admission webpages. To understand gendered marketing messages for JD and MBA graduate programmes, the researchers provide a review of the literature regarding the female, graduate school-choice model, perceived influence of the graduate admissions webpage and gendered marketing education messages. Next, using a content analysis study, the researchers examine 25 American JD and MBA programmes for frequency and type of gendered, graduate, school-choice marketing messages. The researchers offer conclusions, implications and ideas for education stakeholders.

The Association of Participation in a Summer Prelaw Training Program and First-Year Law School Students’ Grades

This study estimates the association of participation in a nine-week online educational program to prepare students for post-graduate (juris doctorate) education and law school grades. We collected registrar data from 17 U.S. law schools for participants and non-participants from the same year and a prior year. We compared first-semester law school grades between participating and non-participating students weighted by propensity scores. Course participation was associated with improved first-semester grades in a keyed course (Contracts Law) and overall grade point average. According to pre- and post-survey responses, a substantial portion of those who completed the program reported feeling more prepared for law school.

LEGAL EDUCATION - AN EDUCATION OF RECURRING LEGAL NEEDS OR HABITS?

This conceptual study uses a normative research method with a comparative approach between Pakistan and Indonesia.[1]It aims to find concepts that have a direct impact on law school students in improving legal clinical education in Pakistan. Legal justice for law school students is the ability to understand how they act when facing legal problems. Legal justice is needed how to handle legal subjects not based on ethnicity, religion, race and between groups because it will have legal implications for legal benefits and legal certainty. Clinical legal education is one way to advance the world of law in a country, in this case Pakistan where campus support is the main thing. Clinical legal education must also keep up with times and technology so that law school students and the people who use them have a complementary relationship. Clinical legal education must raise current legal issues that are specific because legal problems that occur in society cannot always be resolved in a fast way. In this case, cooperation with various universities in various countries will provide a universal understanding of various legal issues.

Perceptions about the Assessment in Emergency Virtual Education Due to COVID-19: A Study with University Students from Lima

The COVID-19 pandemic forced a large section of Peruvian universities to design systems for emergency virtual education. This required professors to quickly learn how to use teaching platforms, digital tools and a wide range of technological skills. In this context, it is remarkable that formative assessment may have been the pedagogical action with the greatest number of challenges, tensions and problems, due to the lack of preparation of many professors to apply performance tests and provide effective feedback. Given this, it is presumed that these insufficiencies (previously exhibited in face-to-face education) were transferred to virtual classrooms in the framework of the health emergency. A survey study was carried out on 240 students from a private university in Lima to find out their perceptions and preferences regarding the tests that their professors administered in the virtual classrooms. It was found that the students were assessed, for the most part, with multiple choice tests. In addition, it was found that the students recognized that the essay tests were the most important for their education, but they preferred multiple choice tests. Finally, it was found that law school students were mostly assessed with essay tests and psychology students with oral tests.

ПСИХОЛОГИЯ В ЮРИДИЧЕСКОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВЫЗОВЫ И СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРАКТИКИ

The article discusses the importance of psychology in the training of future specialists in the field of jurisprudence. The content of the discipline “Legal Psychology” is analyzed from the standpoint of theoretical and practical knowledge, the main approaches to the study of the problems of professional formation of personality, stated in the psychology of higher education, are considered. The article is devoted to an urgent topic – the role of psychology in the training of a future specialist in a transforming society. It is noted that the importance of studying the course “Legal Psychology” at universities is primarily due to the fact that psychological science makes a great contribution to solving the multi-profile tasks of strengthening the legal system and implementing the efforts of the state in the fight against offenses, crimes. As is known, the law enforcement activity of most legal professions takes place in the field of public relations and presupposes high emotional tension, self-organization and the development of skills in communication activities. The formation of psychological knowledge among lawyers is the most important task of training a specialist. Being a borderline science between psychology and jurisprudence, legal psychology is designed to provide a future specialist with an understanding of the psychological features of such a socio-cultural phenomenon as law, the socio-psychological essence of legal regulation, psychological features of human behavior in the field of relations regulated by law. It is noted that psychological knowledge will contribute to the development of psychological competence of students on issues most significant in their future professional activities. The author has made an attempt to investigate the mechanisms of organizing the training of students of law schools in psychology. Training is considered as a complex system that affects all key aspects of the educational process of the university. The objectives of the training are outlined, the methodological basis for planning and organizing psychological education of law students under the guidance of a teacher is presented. The principles of teaching in the context of the organization of the educational process are revealed, during the implementation of which the educational context of psychological disciplines is filled with practice-oriented professional content. This is achieved, according to the author of the article, by updating the content of psychological training of future specialists in the field of jurisprudence.

“Tellin’ the Truth in Their Own Words”: A Critical Race Qualitative Analysis of Ethnic Minority Law School Students’ Experiences

<i>The purpose of this study was to explore the law school experiences of underrepresented racial minorities (URMs) enrolled at predominantly white institutions (PWIs), paying close attention to the nature of their racialized academic and social lives on campus. Drawing upon one-on-one and group interviews with 29 ethnic minority law school students at three PWIs, I identify the myriad factors that law school students of color consider when choosing, enrolling, and/or persisting through law school. In consonance with the beliefs and standards of phenomenological research, I use information from these extensive interviews to describe the essence of their law school experiences, paying close attention to any racialized challenges, supports, or opportunities using critical race theory (CRT) as a lens. Verbatim quotes from participants are presented to illustrate the depth, meaning, and context of the findings <i>in their own words</i></i>.<i> Results from the present study hold promise for informing the future decisions, programs, and practices of law school administrators, legal educators, diversity officers, policymakers and enrollment management staff more generally.</i>

ARBITRABILITY OF DISPUTES UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF UZBEKISTAN

This article focuses on the issues of arbitrability of disputes on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The categories of disputes of contractual and non-contractual nature are considered in detail through the prism of their arbitrability in accordance with the current legislation of Uzbekistan with the introduction of precise regulatory legal acts. The article targets both law school students and practicing lawyers in the field of arbitration and state proceedings.

The Enrollment of Racially Minoritized Students in Law School: Factors Predicting Within-School Changes Over Time

ABSTRACT Given the substantial lack of racial diversity within the U.S. legal profession, it is important to understand how to improve the representation of racially minoritized students at law schools. This study uses panel data from the 2010s to consider several types of factors that may shape the number and percentage of incoming law school students from several racially minoritized groups: finances (regarding financial aid and cost of attendance), demographic representation (of current students, faculty, and community members), and rankings (from U.S. News). The results of fixed effects analyses revealed that increases in the representation of Latinx and Asian students as well as Faculty of Color predict subsequent decreases in the percentage of incoming racially minoritized students, which suggests that law schools’ efforts to recruit racially minoritized students may depend on recent changes in student and faculty representation. Moreover, increases in the ingroup racial representation within the state (in which the law school is primarily housed) and U.S. News rankings are both associated with greater subsequent numbers of incoming Black and Latinx law students; the provision of conditional scholarships and the combined total of tuition and fees are also significant predictors. These findings have salient implications for policy and practice.

Student and Staff Experiences of Online Learning: Lessons from Covid-19 in an Australian Law School

This article explores the experiences of UWA Law School students and staff of the fully online learning and teaching environment introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It commences with a literature review which identifies several key themes in relation to the emergency remote teaching (ERT) response effected by universities across the globe. It then sets out the results of surveys of Juris Doctor students and teaching staff on their experiences of pre-COVID education in semester 2 of 2019, during the period of ERT in semester one 2020, and in semester 2 of 2020 when classes and assessment had resumed largely face-to-face. The overarching aim of this study was to gather information and data to help guide and inform the development of future learning and teaching strategy at UWA Law School. The survey responses indicate a clear correlation between rates of student and staff satisfaction and the nature of the learning and teaching environment. The authors draw on the theory of connectivism in their analysis of the survey, concluding that the key message is that there is an ongoing need for flexibility and adaptability in the learning and teaching of law, particularly with assessments.

National Mechanisms of the Enforcement of Agreements Resulting from Mediation: EU Experience and Ukrainian Perspectives

Topicality. The article addresses domestic mechanisms for the enforcement of agreements resulting from mediation, which is relevant from both theoretical and practical points of view, because the existence of such mechanisms is a relevant factor of the effectiveness of mediation in particular jurisdiction. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyze the national mechanisms for the enforcement of agreements resulting from mediation in the EU Member States and to develop relevant proposals for Ukraine. Research methods. In the article the author uses general philosophical, general scientific and special research methods, in particular, dialectical, system-structural, logical and comparative legal methods, method of analysis and synthesis. Results. Based on the analysis of the provisions of Directive 2008/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21.05.2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters, the author concludes that Member States enjoy a wide discretion on the issue of implementing the provisions of the Directive and numerous different approaches may be embraced with a view to ensure enforceability of agreements resulting from mediation. Based on the analysis of the legislation of the EU Member States, the following mechanisms for the enforcement of agreements resulting from mediation are identified: a) recognizing the agreement as an enforceable civil law contract; b) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by the court; c) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by the arbitral tribunal; d) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by the notary (notarial deed); e) making the agreement enforceable through the approval by some other specially created bodies; f) automatic enforcement. For Ukrainian Law the author suggests, first, diversification of mechanisms for judicial approval of agreements resulting from mediation and, second, allowing notaries to approve agreements resulting from mediation. The significance of the results. The article is addressed to legal scholars and practitioners, mediators and students of higher law schools.

BREEDING ACHIEVEMENT IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AS AN OBJECT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND AN OBJECT OF INHERITANCE IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD

Global trends are now focused on such challenges as climate change, food security, the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering, and the transition to non-conventional fuels. The problems of promoting each of them in the global world are related to the need for free agricultural potential, the availability of effective and unified legal regulation, first of all, of breeding achievements in animal husbandry regarding the intellectual property rights of breeders, its protection both during life and for heirs, since a patent for an animal breed is an indisputable right of the inventor, which acts as a kind of legal monopoly, the provision of which is guaranteed by the state, and patent protection negates commercial use in the absence of the consent of its owner. The purpose of the study is to analyse certain issues of legal regulation of intellectual property rights to breeding achievements in animal husbandry in Ukraine and proposals for its improvement through the implementation of the global experience. The research methods were chosen considering the goals and objectives. During the research, philosophical (hermeneutical), general scientific (logical, generalisation, praxeological, modelling, predictive, and bibliographic), and special legal (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods of scientific knowledge were used. The study examines the current state of breeding achievements in animal husbandry and the legal basis for regulating its establishment, protection, and the possibility of inclusion in the breeder's inherited property. Problematic issues in the legal framework for the establishment and implementation of intellectual property rights to breeding achievements in animal husbandry, ways to eliminate relevant conflicts are proposed. The study analyses the international experience in processing law enforcement documents for breeders and the possibility of protecting their rights. The research materials can be useful for lawyers-researchers, business entities engaged in breeding in animal husbandry, teachers, postgraduates, students of law schools, civil servants, and all those who are not indifferent to the issues under study.

Promoting Graduation Outcomes for Racially Minoritized Law School Students

Despite decades of efforts to diversify the legal profession, White lawyers in the U.S. remain substantially overrepresented. As a necessary step for fostering equity in the workplace, law schools must work to reduce or eliminate the current racial disparities in their persistence and graduation rates. Therefore, this study explored the link between various institutional factors and graduation outcomes among students from several racially minoritized identities using school-level data from 2011-2019. The results indicate that the ingroup racial representation within the state (in which the law school is primarily housed) was positively related to graduation outcomes among Asian, Black, Latinx, underrepresented racial minority, and all law Students of Color; the percentage of Faculty of Color was also significantly related to graduation when examining most of these racial identities. Within subgroup analyses among lower- versus higher-ranking law schools, finances (e.g., financial aid provided, total tuition and fees, and estimated cost of living) were more consistently associated with graduation outcomes at law schools outside of the top 100, whereas racial representation (among faculty, other students, and within the state) and rankings were more often related to graduation among Students of Color within the top 100 law schools.

Critical Race Theory (CRT) Ethically Sharing Truth through a Sustainable Marketing Communication Strategy

Critic Race Theory (CRT) emerged in the 1970s as part of research conducted by Harvard Law School students. Their study investigated deeply embedded systemic racism in America's institutions. The research revealed racism and discriminatory practices in education, employment, housing, health care, law, and the criminal justice system. The impact of CRT on African Americans is enormous; however, members of the White race vehemently deny responsibility for past wrongs. This paper examines sustainable marketing communication as a strategy for improving relationships between people of color. To eradicate systemic institutional racism, Generation Z emerges as a relevant target for influencing and implementing a strategy to restore trust among stakeholders. Plausible remedies address efforts to improve human capital, invest in education, eradicate poverty, provide healthcare for the poor, integrate recidivism into the legal criminal justice system, and reform policing in minority communities. Moreover, secondary data related to education, incarceration, life expectancy, and health care supports claims concerning deep-seated institutional racism.

Correction to: Measuring Quality in Legal Education: Examining the Relationship Between Law School Rank and Student Engagement

Correction to: Measuring Quality in Legal Education: Examining the Relationship Between Law School Rank and Student Engagement

Measuring Quality in Legal Education: Examining the Relationship Between Law School Rank and Student Engagement

Measuring Quality in Legal Education: Examining the Relationship Between Law School Rank and Student Engagement