Law Enforcement Agencies Research Articles

Membuka Tabir Corrupt Campaign Practices Di Akhir Masa Jabatan Pejabat Politik di Indonesia

Corruption is a major factor that undermines government credibility and diminishes the quality of public services. Corruption practices have evolved beyond legal issues to become part of the complex dynamics of political battles, particularly in the context of electoral processes. This study aims to analyze the forms of campaign corruption carried out by political officials at the end of their terms in office and to examine the implementation of law enforcement against political officials involved in campaign corruption in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing secondary data analysis, focusing on legal provisions related to criminal acts of corruption, especially campaign corruption, through a literature review and relevant theoretical analysis. The findings indicate that campaign corruption is a systemic issue that damages the electoral process and erodes public trust in government. Abuse of power manifests in various forms, including the use of state facilities, mobilization of government apparatus, and distribution of cash to gain support. The Indonesian government has attempted to address this issue through regulations such as Law No. 31 of 1999, Law No. 20 of 2001, and establishing the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). However, law enforcement efforts face several challenges, including political interference, poor coordination among law enforcement agencies, and weaknesses in the legal system that perpetrators of corruption exploit. The contribution of this research lies in identifying gaps in regulations and implementing law enforcement against campaign corruption. This study provides recommendations for strengthening inter-agency coordination, improving existing regulations, and enhancing transparency in electoral oversight, thereby supporting more effective efforts to combat corruption in Indonesia.

Challenges Faced by the Judiciary in Implementing Cybersecurity Laws in Pakistan

Due to the inherent growth of technological elements, today’s world of governance, commerce, and societies has been revolutionized, opening new vistas of opportunity as well as new horizons of cyber security threats. Fraud such as hacking, identity theft, and ransom ware are important threats that are knowledgeable about to personal and business associations and the government. In Pakistan, law enforcement agencies and the judiciary are overwhelmed with inadequate resources lack of training, and technical knowledge. However, the institutions operating in the country still face legislative gaps and enforcement challenges even after the passing of the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 means. The paper deals with Pakistan's situation concerning cyber security enhancement judicial practices and legislation and compares it to the United States’ strategic enhancement in the security domain. There are some leading projects like the National Judicial Automation Program and e-Courts, but still, it seems there are a lot more systems problems and no significant digital forensics available in the judiciary of Pakistan. The comparative analysis indicates that Pakistan needs to reform its laws, train its judges specialized in cybercrime and look for international cooperation when it comes to fighting transnational criminals engaged in cybercrimes. The importance of increasing the level of protection in cyberspace is highlighted by raising public awareness or engaging private structures. This research stresses the need to mitigate cyber security threats through legal, organizational, and social change. From best practices and international collaboration so that Pakistan can better address the issue, increase the capacity of its judicial system in combating cyber threats, and protect its critical IT assets. The actual findings of the research include ways to improve the efficiency of Courts, protect digital rights, and strengthen the governance of cyber security in the country.

Mining population opinion about local police

Abstract Sentiment analysis, or opinion mining, is an important task of natural language processing (NLP) that extracts opinions, attitudes, and emotions from text. With the growth of digital platforms like blogs and social networks, opinion mining has become a key tool for organizations to understand public sentiment. In recent research, machine learning and lexicon-based approaches have been applied to analyze sentiments. Our work specifically focuses on national security, where sentiment analysis offers crucial insights into local opinions, helping authorities gauge public mood. As part of our research, we developed the Public Sensing about Police Platform, a prototype system designed to analyze emotions from social networks. This system generates dashboards for law enforcement and security agencies, providing actionable intelligence for public safety. Our findings show that “Hate” was the most common emotion expressed in relation to police interventions, indicating widespread unpopularity of these actions and a resulting sense of insecurity among the public.

Formulation of Liability and Criminal Policy of Justice Collaborator of Corruption in Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to investigate the development of legal rules regarding the criminal liability of those who cooperate with the court system in cases of corruption in Indonesia. Protection of Witnesses and Victims, a witness of the offender refers to a person who is suspected, accused, or being prosecuted and who collaborates with law enforcement agencies to reveal a criminal act in the same case. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, a new model is required to develop a policy for the criminal laws applicable to Justice Collaborators in Indonesia. Method: The methodology adopted for this research was normative juridical research with an approach to regulations and a conceptual approach. Results and Discussion: The investigation results indicate that the Justice Collaborator holds the role of an accomplice in a certain crime, rather than being the main culprit. The Justice Collaborator has confessed to their crimes and provided crucial testimony as a witness during the trial. Research Implications: This research's practical and theoretical implications are discussed, including how the result justice collaborator's criminal liability cannot be exempted based on the presence of an offense. The offense is considered to be present if an individual, either purposefully or due to negligence, engages in conduct that exposes conditions or consequences that are forbidden by criminal law, and is nevertheless capable of being held responsible for their acts. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the article 1 paragraph 2 of Act No. 13 of 2006, which was modified by Law No. 31 of 2014 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims, a witness of the offender refers to a person who is suspected, accused, or being prosecuted and who collaborates with law enforcement agencies to reveal a criminal act in the same case.

Examining the Contours and Challenges of National Cybercrime Reporting Portal in Countering Digital Financial Frauds

Digitalization and ease of financial transactions have spurted a ubiquitous rise in cybercrimes. In 2021, 60.8 per cent of reported cybercrime cases registered were for the motive of fraud. To tackle mounting digital financial fraud complaints, the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal was created by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre and the Ministry of Home Affairs. The portal is an integrated platform where stakeholders, such as law enforcement agencies, banks, financial intermediaries and others, are connected to prevent the outflow of money from the system, as money once out of the system becomes untraceable and non-retrievable. The portal enables requests to be sent to identified stakeholders by law enforcement authorities to block financial transactions or create a lien on the disputed money while the money is with them. The article has been written against the backdrop of Herbert Packer’s two models of the criminal process, describing two competing goals that underlie criminal legal regimes: the crime-control model and the due process model. As crime is committed in cyberspace and technology is developed to counter it, often the urgency of resolving the crime and the opacity surrounding the technology, blur the lines of permissible and impermissible actions. The article argues that this technical solution created for tackling digital financial frauds is far from perfect, and, at best, a quick fix while larger, looming questions remain unanswered. Through a series of high court cases, the article brings forth how due process requirements are often sidelined in favour of the more immediate goal of crime control in the guise of this PoliceTech, even as questions of the efficiency of the tech remain unaddressed. Nonetheless, the article recommends reforms to ensure the safe deployment of PoliceTech in India, minimize public harm and create accountability for misuse of harms arising from technology.

Legal Protection for Children as Victims and Perpetrators of Criminal Acts in the Context of Human Rights

This research highlights critical contributions to understanding the protection of children's rights as both perpetrators and victims of criminal offenses in Indonesia, despite the presence of supportive regulations such as Law No. 35 of 2014 and Law No. 11 of 2012. It specifically identifies the barriers impeding the effective protection of children's rights within the framework of human rights. Using a normative juridical methodology and secondary data analysis from legislation and relevant literature, the study reveals three main challenges: insufficient understanding among law enforcement officials, persistent social stigma, and inadequate access to rehabilitation services. These findings emphasize the necessity of a synergistic approach involving the government, law enforcement agencies, and the community to foster greater awareness of children's rights and to ensure the practical application of human rights principles. Such efforts are vital to provide children with adequate protection and opportunities for optimal growth and development.

Exploring Damage and Penetration in Soft Armors Under Ballistic Impact Through a Novel and Efficient 3D Peridynamic Model

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on improving soft body armor design for military and law enforcement personnel by developing a robust numerical model to simulate its response to projectile impacts. We introduce a novel and efficient 3D peridynamic model to simulate penetration and deformation in soft body armor fibers. The 3D peridynamic model overcomes the deficiency of using mesh‐based methods to simulate the excessive deformation of soft armor fibers. We confirm the validity and efficiency of the 3D peridynamic model by comparing its predictions with experimental and numerical results. After validation, the model assesses armor performance under various conditions, including bullet types and velocities. Results show that Kevlar armor with a 0.4‐mm thickness can stop bullets with impact velocities below 200 m/s but is ineffective against higher‐velocity bullets. The 3D peridynamic model can be utilized in armor optimization for military and law enforcement agencies regarding armor selection based on threat levels.

LC-QToF-MS Analysis of Stimulant Drugs and Their Metabolites in Wastewater During Football Games

Background: The use of illicit drugs and stimulants is a burgeoning socioeconomic problem, ultimately leading to an increase in street crimes and deteriorating human health. The persistent presence of CNS drugs in wastewater can also lead to downstream adverse effects on aquatic wildlife and humans. Objectives: In the present study, a method was developed for the solid-phase extraction and quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) analysis of CNS stimulant drugs and their metabolites in municipal wastewater. The targeted species included amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), cocaine, and benzoylecgonine (BE). Methods: The method was validated and applied to analyzing wastewater samples collected at the University of Mississippi and the City of Oxford wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) during weekends when the university hosted home college football games. Results: Our results indicate that while amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cocaine, and BE were all detected at quantifiable levels, amphetamine and BE were present in significantly higher concentrations in wastewater during football games. Conclusion: The insights from this study can be utilized to monitor long-term drug use trends, providing local law enforcement agencies with relevant data on consumption patterns over time.

Assessing bias and computational efficiency in vision transformers using early exits

Face recognition with deep learning is generally approached as a problem of capacity. The field has seen progressively deeper, more complex models or larger, more highly variant data sets. The data sets can be problematic, as they are often scraped indiscriminately from the internet. This results in an uncertain, and often heavily unbalanced distribution of race, gender, age and other aspects of the subjects, which is then manifested in the decisions of the models trained on them. The carbon footprint of machine learning is a concern. A real push is developing to reduce the energy consumption of machine learning as we strive for a more eco-friendly society. In addition, due to many instances of misuse by law enforcement and other agencies, unbiased models for face recognition are now fundamental to the practical application of the field. We present an approach using the state of the art Vision Transformer and Early Exits for reducing compute budget without significantly affecting performance. We develop a system for face recognition and identification with a closed-set gallery and show that with a small reduction in performance, a reasonable reduction in compute cost can be obtained using our method. Second, we investigate how these early Exits interact with the bias model through a robust evaluation of matching scores on a racially balanced data set. We show that matching scores vary heavily between cohorts, and these variations are magnified at the earlier exits.

PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES AND SECURITY PROVISIONING IN NIGERIA: LESSONS FROM OTHER CLIMES

Insecurity in the form of terrorism, kidnapping for ransom, armed banditry, cattle rustling, armed robbery, murder, rape and other violent crimes are on the increase in Nigeria in spite of government efforts to contain them. There is no gainsaying that government forces are seemingly incapacitated to tackle the upsurge of insecurity across the country as terrorists, kidnappers and armed bandits specifically operate with impunity openly as if government security forces are non-existent. Although, insecurity is a global social problem, Nigerian situation is becoming overwhelming, thereby necessitating the proliferation of private security companies into the security arena to lend support to government security force efforts. Since their emergence into the security architecture, private security companies (PSCs) are creating great impact in security provisioning across the globe thereby complementing the efforts of government law enforcement agencies. In Nigeria, they have made great inroads in security provision such that their presence is felt in all nooks and crannies of the country. This paper examined PSCs and security provisioning in Nigeria with reference to lessons from other climes. The paper utilized exploratory analysis relying largely on qualitative content analysis from secondary sources of data collection through journal articles, books, periodicals, news prints and internet materials. The situational crime prevention and problem-oriented policing theories were used as theoretical framework. The paper showed that private security companies in Nigeria have contributed immensely to checkmating crimes in their areas of operations but lack global relevance as their activities are limited to Nigeria since they are not allowed to bear firearms. PSCs in Nigeria are overburdened with regulations that dwarf their operations cum lacking legislative recognition as components of the national security architecture. The paper underscored the global relevance of private security companies and their emergence and proliferation in Nigeria and concludes that PSCs in Nigeria, though very crucial in security provisioning need to be properly positioned for relevance in the global security market. The paper recommends among others, that relevant legislations should be enacted to allow PSCs in Nigeria bear firearms to enable them participate fully in security provisioning while intra-inter agency collaboration and networking is necessary to strengthen the private security sub sector. This is in addition to allowing PSCs to participate in private detection and prosecution in Nigeria.

Case of Lajpat Nagar Market in New Delhi: Creation and Execution of a Street Vendor Survey for Observing Public Health and Order in a Non-Vending Zone

The Lajpat Nagar market had been made a no-vending zone after the 1996 bomb blasts, as vending, along with other issues, blocked the way of emergency services. In 2014, a street vending law was passed in India to make street vending a right to livelihood under Section 19 (1) (g) of the Constitution of India. After court intervention, the area remains a no-vending zone. Yet, the study found 522 street vendors in the market. A method to observe street vendors was developed using the street vending law and its related rules, and this was tested in the Lajpat Nagar (Central) market. The street vending law places upon the vendor a duty to maintain public order and public health. This is done by preventing blockages to public roads/footpaths and ensuring cleanliness by placing dustbins respectively. It was found that there was no universal compliance with the same, and due to the market being a no-vending zone, the enforcement of the street vending law may be difficult, as it is not valid in the first place. 24.9 percent of vendors blocked footpaths, and 17.6 percent appeared to be without dustbins. Either the enforcement of the no-vending policy should be fully done, or else vending must be regulated with duties of the vendors towards public health and public order. The latter may prevent any theoretically possible scope of extortion from the vendors by some fringe elements of the municipality or the law enforcement agencies, or other forms of corruption. _KEYWORDS: Street Vendors, Right to Livelihood, Public Health, Public Order, Central Market, Pushpa Market, Lajpat Nagar, 1996 Bomb Blasts, Delhi High Court, Street Vendors, Squatters, No-vending zone._

Cardiorespiratory demands of firearms training instruction and 15m shuttle tests in British law enforcement.

Law enforcement agencies require minimum fitness standards to safeguard their officers and training staff. Firearms instructors (FI) are expected to maintain the same standards as their operational counterparts. This study aimed to quantify the daily physiological demands placed on FI. 19 FI (45 ± 5 years) completed occupational tasks whilst wearing heart rate (HR) monitors for a minimum 10 days. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) testing was conducted on FI during a treadmill test (TT) and a multistage shuttle test (ST). Linear regression models were used to model the relationship between VO2 and HR throughout the TT. This model was applied to HR data from occupational tasks to infer oxygen consumption. Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used to compare time spent in VO2max equivalent zones throughout. The VO2max achieved during ST (45.1 ± 5.6 ml/kg/min) was significantly higher than TT (39 ± 3 ml/kg/min) (p = 0.014). Time to exhaustion (TTE) was sooner on ST (06:26 min) compared to TT (13:16 min) (p < .001). FI spent ~85% of occupational time with an oxygen demand ≤20 ml/kg/min (p < .005). The most intense occupational tasks saw FI achieve VO2max ≥30 ml/kg/min, but <40 ml/kg/min. Using ST to assess cardiorespiratory fitness resulted in a quicker TTE and a higher VO2max. Predominantly, FI occupational tasks are low intensity with sporadic exposures requiring a VO2max of >40 ml/kg/min. To safeguard FI from occupational-related cardiorespiratory or long-term health issues, it is intuitive to suggest fitness standards should exceed a VO2max of 40 ml/kg/min.

Значение ценностных ориентаций личности руководителей органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации при выполнении профессионально-служебных задач в особых условиях

In the modern conditions of society, facing various challenges and threats, the issue of managing employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is becoming especially relevant. The ability of law enforcement agencies to effectively respond to non-standard situations, such as terrorism, natural disasters or mass riots, largely depends on the level of professional training and value orientations of the personality of their leaders. In this study, we will consider the key aspects associated with the features of the value orientations of the personality of the heads of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and their importance for work in conditions requiring special qualifications and readiness for quick decision-making. The scientific study is devoted to the currently relevant problem of purposeful mastery of holistic and sustainable qualities by the subject of professional activity. The value sphere has a key impact on the relationship between subjects, the moral qualities of the individual. The professional activity of the head of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the OVD) should be focused on constructive interaction in the professional environment, avoiding the destructive tendency leading to the denial of the limitations that underlie official activity. In order to successfully fulfill the tasks facing law enforcement agencies, the heads of the OVD must use all available resources, adapt to changing conditions and constantly improve managerial competence, direct efforts to preserving personnel. This will ensure not only the professional readiness of the police to act in special conditions of official activity, but also the safety of citizens, which is the main goal of the activities of the internal affairs bodies.

Post-Earthquake Human Trafficking in Indo-Nepal Terai Region and Cross-Border Integrated Response Mechanism

Disasters generally cause enduring, catastrophic damage and trauma to people and their families, homes, and communities. After disasters like earthquakes, already existing vulnerabilities increase manifold as people lose their lives and livelihoods, displaced from their native places, their support network is disrupted and they become more susceptible to human trafficking. In addition, limited resources divert the attention of law enforcement agencies toward instantaneous needs to save and rescue the people, making people more vulnerable to human trafficking with limited or no protection, women who have lost their family members, livelihoods, and homes, children who lost their parents or parted from their families, and immigrants are at risk for post-disaster human trafficking. These wobbly situations may encourage rapacious behavior as those impacted by disasters may be involved in risky work for their survival, which can increase the potential of human trafficking victims. Despite the gravity of this issue, the linkages between disasters and human trafficking have not received pragmatic attention. In this context, this study mainly explores the linkages between disasters and human trafficking with special reference to the post-earthquake situation of the Indo-Nepal Terai region. This study mainly focuses on the post-earthquake circumstances resulting in human trafficking which continued later on for several months and years after the disaster in the Indo-Nepal Terai region. The study also focuses on concerns and responses taken by the country of origin and destination and underscores the urgent need for cross-border collaborative mechanisms to combat this illicit practice. This study relies entirely on secondary data sources and content analysis, supplemented by the creation of an earthquake vulnerability map for the Indo-Nepal Terai region. By shedding light on the intricate link between disasters and human trafficking, it highlights the critical need for pragmatic solutions and coordinated efforts to tackle this multifaceted issue. The findings emphasize the importance of proactive measures to safeguard vulnerable populations, ensuring that those already grappling with the aftermath of disaster are protected from further exploitation.

Criminological characteristics of crime in the field of IT technologies

The article examines the general criminological characteristics of crime in the field of IT, provides statistical data for 2023. It is noted that the rapid development of IT technologies entails the same rapid development of crime in the information space, to the consequences of which the average citizen, as well as the state represented by its law enforcement agencies, as a whole, were not ready

What experts say about domestic violence: constructing Thailand’s domestic violence severity index through an expert judgement approach

Purpose While many countries have adopted traditional approaches to identify patterns and trends in domestic violence at a national level, a strategy that provides more insightful information is still lacking. In response to this need, the purpose of this study is to propose the construction of a domestic violence severity index (DVSI) as an alternative. This index serves as a strategic instrument for policymakers and law enforcement agencies, enabling them to monitor changes in the overall severity of domestic violence incidents over time, beyond relying solely on the volume of reported incidents. Design/methodology/approach Reported domestic violence incidents are collected over the past five years (2019–2023) from the entire country. Unlike sentence-based approaches such as the Cambridge Crime Harm Index and the Canadian Crime Severity Index, the DVSI applies a crime severity index based on expert judgment to assess the seriousness of domestic violence categories. Twenty-three experts with extensive experience in domestic violence issues across various governmental and nongovernmental organizations participated in providing assessments. To ensure consistency in assigning weight values to the domestic violence categories, the average scores provided by experts were calculated using arithmetic mean, median, mode and geometric mean. Findings Domestic violence maps reflecting trends between 2019 and 2023 across 77 provinces in Thailand have been generated based on the index data. The maps depict significant serial and spatial correlation levels from 2019 to 2023. Practical implications These maps carry significant implications for the country’s domestic violence prevention strategy by offering detailed insights into the geographical locations and periods requiring focused attention and resource allocation from the government. This tool can also aid the public in gaining a better understanding of the prevalence of domestic violence in society, facilitating increased coordination and collaboration among stakeholders. Originality/value Many countries quantify domestic violence using simple methods, such as calculating percentages or measuring incidents per 100,000 population. However, a specific DVSI has not yet been developed to analyze and understand domestic violence trends geographically, which could serve as an additional measure to protect victims. In addition, the study uses an expert judgment approach, a rare method in constructing a crime severity index, especially in the context of domestic violence.

Unveiling a novel morphometric approach in claws and canines for species discrimination and age stratification in leopard (Panthera pardus fusca).

Eurybiomic big cats are facing significant threats from poaching, which is driven by recreation, taxidermy and wildlife trade. Species identification and age estimation are important for effective conservation management and enforcement of wildlife protection regulations. In this study, we present novel comprehensive morphometric methods for species identification and age estimation in leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) using canine and claw, the major trade articles. The study included 42 canines and 135 claw samples from five known age groups collected during post-mortem examination from all over the state of Tamil Nadu in south India. The samples were visually examined, and key morphological traits were accurately examined. Radiographic assessment of canines revealed the chronological age estimation, and tooth wear observation afforded supportive insight and evidence for the standards. Micro-feature observations of canine and claw samples using a scanning electron microscope ascertained the credibility of the samples. Multi-dimensional assessment of species and age of the samples by morphometric method led to the development of a reliable and accessible tool for dealing with confiscated specimens or samples with limited DNA quality. Notably, our novel methodology demonstrates efficacy in identifying illegally traded leopard canines and claws without causing any damage to the sample, thereby fortifying legal efforts against wildlife trafficking. In conclusion, this research introduces a sophisticated framework for species discrimination and age stratification in Panthera pardus fusca, merging cutting-edge technologies with classical morphometric analyses. The derived insights not only advance our understanding of leopard ecology but also furnish critical tools for conservationists and law enforcement agencies combating the illicit wildlife trade.

The Role of Informal Security Service in Addressing Banditry and Kidnapping in Zuru Emirate of Kebbi State, Nigeria.

There is a growing interest in the impact of informal security service on banditry and kidnapping, given the increasing insecurity challenges facing many African countries, including Nigeria. The objective of this paper is to examine the role of informal security actors in addressing banditry and kidnapping in Zuru emirate of Kebbi state, Nigeria. Mixed methods research was used, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative designs. Questionnaires served as instruments for quantitative data collection, and a total of four hundred (400) questionnaires were distributed to the people in Zuru Emirate to gain their perceptions of the efforts of informal actors. For the qualitative part, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were conducted with leaders of informal security actors, traditional rulers, and law enforcement agencies. SPSS was used to analyze quantitative data, while thematic and content analyses were utilized for qualitative data. The outcome of the study revealed that a significant number of respondents strongly agreed that informal security actors are effective personnel in addressing banditry and kidnapping. They play a crucial role in protecting lives and property and ensuring safety, peace, and stability in Zuru Emirate, especially in the rural areas where banditry and kidnapping are prevalent. This study recommends collaborations with other security agencies, such as the police and military, to share intelligence and resources in combating banditry.

To protect and serve: a review of initiatives to support of police officers to better meet the needs of older adult

PurposePolice officers increasingly respond to incidents involving aging-related issues, where older adults are vulnerable and require tailored approaches. This scoping review aims to map initiatives aimed at enhancing interactions between older adults and police and evaluates outcomes. Findings inform the development of a geriatrics-focused police training curriculum to support age-friendly policing. A literature search across major databases and grey literature yielded 20 relevant publications. Three main initiatives were identified: geriatrics-oriented training programs, specialized geriatric police units and geriatrics-oriented policing guidelines. These insights highlight effective strategies for improving police responses to aging-related challenges and guide future research and policy in this domain.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a scoping review methodology guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and PRISMA-ScR checklist. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed across multiple databases and grey literature sources. Screening and selection of relevant studies were conducted in duplicate, with data extraction focusing on key elements such as study objectives, design, interventions and outcomes. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize findings from included studies, highlighting three principal initiatives: geriatrics-oriented training programs, specialized geriatric police units and geriatrics-oriented policing guidelines. This approach aimed to map existing evidence, inform the development of a geriatrics-focused training curriculum and identify best practices for age-friendly policing.FindingsThe scoping review identified 28 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Findings highlighted varied approaches to enhancing police interactions with older adults, emphasizing training as pivotal. Effective strategies included specialized units, tailored training programs and guidelines integrating geriatrics principles. Key outcomes encompassed improved officer knowledge, communication skills and attitudes toward older adults, fostering enhanced service delivery and community relations. Evidence underscored the importance of ongoing education and collaborative partnerships in optimizing policing responses to aging populations, advocating for sustainable, age-friendly policing practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe review’s limitations stem from primarily English-language studies, potentially overlooking non-English literature. Variability in study designs and outcomes poses challenges to synthesizing findings comprehensively. Limited generalizability may result due to geographic and cultural differences in policing practices. Future research could benefit from longitudinal studies assessing long-term impacts and broader inclusion of diverse policing contexts and perspectives, enhancing applicability and depth of understanding in optimizing police interactions with older adults.Practical implicationsPractical implications include informing policy makers and law enforcement agencies about effective strategies to enhance interactions with older adults, emphasizing communication skills and de-escalation techniques. Training programs should integrate age-sensitive approaches to improve officers’ awareness and response to older adults’ needs and vulnerabilities. Implementing community engagement initiatives can foster trust and cooperation, contributing to safer and more supportive environments for older adults in policing interactions. These efforts can ultimately promote enhanced well-being and reduced conflicts between law enforcement and older adults.Social implicationsSocial implications highlight the need for broader societal awareness and education regarding the challenges faced by older adults in interactions with law enforcement. Addressing ageism and promoting respectful treatment can enhance community trust and reduce misunderstandings. Improved interactions between older adults and law enforcement can foster a more inclusive and supportive society, ensuring that older adults feel valued and protected. This can contribute to overall social cohesion and a more equitable experience for older adults in their interactions with law enforcement agencies.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in its focus on the intersection of age-related issues and law enforcement interactions, a relatively underexplored area in both gerontology and criminal justice research. By examining the perceptions and experiences of older adults and law enforcement officers, it provides valuable insights into mitigating ageism and improving interactions. The study’s findings contribute to enhancing understanding of how to promote respectful and effective communication between these groups, thereby offering practical implications for policy and training initiatives aimed at fostering better relationships and outcomes for older adults in law enforcement encounters.

Use of drones in Indo‐Pak cross border terrorism: Challenges, regulations and evolving responses

AbstractThe proliferation of drones to states and non‐state actors has created newer challenges for national security &amp; border management. Globally, drones are being used by security forces as force multipliers in military operations, while non‐state actors are employing drones for carrying out terror strikes, smuggling arms, narcotics, and by citizen journalists and other groups for disseminating information on government crackdown on public protests. The paper traces the increasing usage of drones in India, especially since 2019, while also analyzing the multifarious challenges faced by Indian security forces and law enforcement agencies from the use of drones by non‐state actors. It analyses the rules and regulations that have been put in place in India to manage the spread of UAS/drones in the country while not stifling the domestic manufacturing. Finally, the paper explores the possible systems that have been explored by India and other countries to counter UAS/drones and the challenges posed in effectively countering drones in border regions.