Law Enforcement Practice Research Articles

Contract and Tort Choice of Cause of Action by Persons from the Standpoint of Justice: Pro et Contra

The paper deals with the issues of choice of cause of action as to contract and tort in Russian and foreign law, as well as contract and tort competition between persons. The problem of choice between contractual and non-contractual liability has an artificial character for Russian scientific and judicial doctrine. The choice of cause of action relates to the alternative in claims, but not to the alternative as to debtors. It is concluded that modern scientific and judicial doctrine based on a multifunctional interpretation of civil liability can substantiate and justify not only the phenomenon of compensatory aspect of choice of cause of action by persons, but also the possibility of circumventing the limited liability established by law (contra legem) if it meets the goals of fair liability. These include deterrence of harmful behavior and stimulation of potential to ensure the proper performance of their duties to ensure the safety of their activities. Russian law enforcement practice indicates an increasing trend towards the socialization of civil liability, its focus on preventing harm to an indefinite circle of people, social harm (harm to society).

Waste management system: sanitary-epidemiological and environmental aspects

Introduction. Despite the positive trends in the field of industrial and consumer waste management, issues related to the legal regulation of activities to eliminate objects of accumulated damage to the environment and its relationship with activities to eliminate unauthorized landfills remain unresolved. A separate and important problematic aspect is the assignment of waste to a certain hazard class and their subsequent accounting and neutralization. The study aims to consider the established practice of using sanitary-epidemiological and environmental legislation in the management of industrial and consumer waste, including in assessing their toxicity. Materials and methods. The authors conducted the study using an information and analytical method for analyzing regulatory documentation and scientific publications from the databases Elibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Techexpert, Consultant, etc. They also compared the topical issues of assessing the toxicity of production and consumption waste and identified the specifics of the methodology for calculating the amount of damage as a result of unauthorized waste disposal. Results. It has been established that one of the optimal solutions in the issue of assessing the hazard class of waste may be to bring the criteria for their classification according to the degree of toxicity to uniformity, as well as the development of a single document carried out by institutions regardless of departmental subordination. Studies conducted to determine the amount of damage as a result of unauthorized disposal of production and consumption waste and to establish the hazard class of waste must comply with the requirements of uniformity of measurements and accreditation in the national system, respectively. To correctly calculate the amount of harm, you need to use the value of the mass of waste with the same hazard class. The availability of separate documents in sanitary-epidemiological and environmental legislation can significantly affect the calculation of the amount of harm due to various methods of determining the hazard class of waste, as well as the timeliness of identifying the long-term impact of waste on the environment and public health. Limitations. The study is limited to the analysis of law enforcement practice in the field of waste management, as well as the results of research in domestic and international literature. The analysis will allow researchers to consider non-obvious and controversial issues in the planning of activities. Conclusion. Updating documents on the establishment of the hazard class of waste should be carried out considering law enforcement practice. The absence of duality in compliance with the established requirements in both the field of environmental and sanitary-epidemiological legislation can be a guarantee of the reliability and truthfulness of research. This will allow you to make the right management decisions. Ethics. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee.

Contractual Forms of Investment in the Legislation and Practice of the Russian Federation

Introduction: the paper deals with the analysis of contractual forms of investment activity. The research attention is paid to various theories related to the legal nature of an investment agreement, the issues of divergence of existing definitions of an investment agreement as a legal category. Special attention is paid to the structure of the investment agreement, as well as its place in the system of civil contracts. It is argued that the correct qualification of the investment agreement plays a key role in ensuring high quality and rational legal regulation of the relevant relations. In the process of researching the investment agreement, the author differentiates by types and parties. The details of contractual obligations are given, taking into account investment schemes and depending on the types of investment projects. The purpose of the paper is to study the agreement regulating the relations of subjects of investment activity, the legal nature of the investment agreement, its qualifying features, types and parties. Methods: to achieve this goal, a systematic approach was used, as well as the general scientific (analysis, synthesis, formal logical, comparative, and temporal) and specific scientific (formal legal, comparative law) research methods. Results: the international practice of concluding and applying investment contracts (agreements) widely used to attract investments is studied. The interpretations of the investment agreement presented in the domestic and foreign specialized literature are compared. The place of the investment agreement in the system of civil contracts is determined. The approaches to the legal qualification of the investment agreement are studied. It is established that differentiation by types and parties of the investment agreement plays an important role in the development of the economy and business. Understanding the specifics of each type of agreement and the role of parties allows you to effectively organize the investment process and achieve your goals. The author analyzes various forms of investment, including the purchase of a business, participation in investment partnerships, investments in securities, as well as collective investments through joint-stock and mutual funds, concession agreements, and production sharing agreements. Conclusions: the conclusion is substantiated that it is advisable to establish the legal nature of each investment agreement in the process of its execution. The legal relations created by such an agreement are subject to the general principles of civil law and specialized standards of investment law. It is established that for the correct qualification of a specific contractual structure used in the investment sphere, it is advisable to rely on the positions formed in law enforcement practice on such an issue. It is proved that the investment agreement implies any agreements in which the investor participates. These agreements may include various types of civil contracts regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Highlighting the main features that distinguish investing from other economic and business processes, the author argues that the best position would be the transfer of personal capital and the transfer of values (investments) to another party in order to make a profit in a certain period without a guarantee of success.

The Discursive Nature of the Prosecution and Defense

Introduction: the adversarial nature and equality of the parties are defined as the main principles of Russian criminal procedure (Part 3 of Article 123 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 15 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation). The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation defines the equality of the parties as the basis for the formation of the necessary guarantee of defense and fair trial of the case and states that the latter is impossible if the court has not assessed on the merits all the arguments and circumstances presented during the trial by its parties on the part of the prosecution and defense and has not provided them with equal procedural rights. The paper deals with the study of certain aspects of the balance of such categories as legal liability, criminal liability, prosecution, and defense. Purpose: to analyze the trends formed in the doctrine related to the resolution of urgent problems in terms of establishing the correlation of such concepts: legal liability, criminal responsibility, criminal procedural responsibility, prosecution, and defense. Methods: the general scientific dialectical method of cognition, a systematic approach, as well as the general scientific (deduction and induction) and specific scientific methods (logical and legal analysis and synthesis). Results: the current issues of the theory and law enforcement practice regarding the nature, types, and structure of prosecution and defense in criminal procedure are investigated. Conclusions: despite the ongoing discussions regarding the nature of the prosecution and defense in court procedure, a significant number of issues remain unresolved and require further detailed scientific analysis. First of all, the study of the defense function, which contributes to the realization of the rights granted to the accused, should certainly contribute to the development of new theoretical approaches and legislative innovations.

The Legal Nature of the Director’s Liability for the Harm Caused to a Business Company

Introduction: the article analyzes the legal nature of the director’s liability for business company harm. The Russian and foreign doctrinal sources, legislation, and law enforcement practices are investigated. Purpose: to analyze the legal nature of the director’s liability for business company harm and to determine the place of this liability in the system of civil liability in Russian law. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is based on the methods of scientific cognition, in particular the methods of consistency, analysis, and comparative law. Results: the legal nature of the director’s liability for business company harm is determined. Conclusions: business company harm by the behavior of its director is one of the special torts. There are no grounds in Russian law to identify independent corporate liability.

Mitigating Bias Due to Race and Gender in Machine Learning Predictions of Traffic Stop Outcomes

Traffic stops represent a crucial point of interaction between citizens and law enforcement, with potential implications for bias and discrimination. This study performs a rigorously validated comparative machine learning model analysis, creating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to predict the results of traffic stops using a dataset sourced from the Montgomery County Maryland Data Centre, focusing on variables such as driver demographics, violation types, and stop outcomes. We repeated our rigorous validation of AI for the creation of models that predict outcomes with and without race and with and without gender informing the model. Feature selection employed regularly selects for gender and race as a predictor variable. We also observed correlations between model performance and both race and gender. While these findings imply the existence of discrimination based on race and gender, our large-scale analysis (>600,000 samples) demonstrates the ability to produce top performing models that are gender and race agnostic, implying the potential to create technology that can help mitigate bias in traffic stops. The findings encourage the need for unbiased data and robust algorithms to address biases in law enforcement practices and enhance public trust in AI technologies deployed in this domain.

Has the application of sanctions against financial institutions involved in money laundering had a deterrent effect?

Money laundering is one of the crimes that has a wide impact, both economically and socially. With the increasing complexity of global financial networks, financial institutions must be more responsible in preventing money laundering practices. The existence of strong and transparent financial institutions is essential to maintain the integrity of the financial system. Using normative juridical research methods, this study analyzes the regulations that govern sanctions and law enforcement practices. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the sanctions applied have provided a deterrent effect to financial institutions that violate the law. The results of the study show that although there are several institutions affected by sanctions, in general, the implementation of sanctions has not been effective in providing a significant deterrent effect. These obstacles arise due to the lack of strict supervision, weak international cooperation, and inconsistencies in law enforcement. In addition, the proactive attitude of financial institutions in fulfilling reporting obligations also needs to be improved. Therefore, reforms in the sanctions system and improved law enforcement mechanisms are needed to create a stronger deterrent effect against financial institutions involved in money laundering

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Predictive Policing in Nigeria: A Qualitative study of law Enforcement Practices in Lagos State

This qualitative study evaluates the effectiveness of predictive policing technologies by examining the implementation within law enforcement operations in Lagos State. The research aims to explore how predictive systems influence crime prevention, and decision-making processes in policing. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with NDLEA officers, the study reveals the perceived benefits and challenges of integrating predictive policing tools into traditional methods. Through thematic analysis of interviews and review of secondary sources, the research identifies key themes such as the tension between technology and human judgement, and the potential for over-reliance on system predictions. The findings indicate that while predictive policing can improve efficiency in crime hotspot identification, its efficacy is undermined by concerns over privacy, and fairness. The study concludes that for predictive policing to be effective, it must come with strong regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines to ensure support from technologies. This research contributes to the growing discourse on the intersection of technology and law enforcement, offering insights into how predictive policing can evolve to better serve the people.

On current problems of the mechanism of liability of judges for disciplinary misconduct: law enforcement practice, general approaches Part 4. Approaches to improving and improving the efficiency of the organizational and legal mechanism of disciplinary responsibility of judges (Continuation)

In the final, fourth part of the article, published in 2024 in the journal “State and Law”, certain results of the problems considered in its first three parts are summed up (part 1 – “Termination of the powers of a judge for a serious offense after the constitutional innovations of 2020 – constitutional or disciplinary responsibility?” (No. 3); part 2 – “On problems of disciplinary responsibility of court heads” (in two sections) (No. 4, 5); part 3 – “On the disciplinary responsibility of retired judges” (No. 6)). Conclusions are drawn about the imperfection of this mechanism with specific examples of law enforcement (and especially judicial) practice, including those caused by the imperfection of legislation in the area of public relations under consideration. Specific, including radical, proposals are being made aimed at improving and increasing the effectiveness of both the named mechanism as a whole and its individual links.

Yekaterinodar city orphan court: prerequisites of education and law enforcement practice for the establishment of guardianship and guardianship over minors (XIX – early XX centuries)

The article is devoted to a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the prerequisites for the formation of the Yekaterinodar city orphan Court at the end of the XIX century. and an assessment of its practical activities. In particular, the paper examines the peculiarities of establishing guardianship and guardianship over minors in the Kuban in the pre-reform period, as well as reveals the socio-political reasons explaining why the activities of orphan courts at the end of the XVIII – first half of the XIX century were not provided for in military Cossack settlements. Only since the second half of the XIX century. Conditions for the formation of these organs are beginning to form in the Kuban region. So, in 1886, the city orphan court was established at the Yekaterinodar District Court, from among the burghers and merchants. The article analyzes the features of establishing guardianship and guardianship over minor citizens of Yekaterinodar in the late XIX – early XX century. The author comes to the conclusion that the formation of the Yekaterinodar City Orphan Court was predetermined by the action of the reforms of Alexander II, eliminating the imperative, monosyllabic principle of the functioning of administrative and judicial institutions in the Kuban.

Law Enforcement Agency Practices and Policies for the Investigation of Child Sex Trafficking: Are Agencies Using Victim-Centered Approaches?

AbstractOver the past decade, efforts have been made to reform the way in which law enforcement responds to child sex trafficking (CST). Law enforcement agencies are being urged or required to use victim-centered approaches that provide exploited youth with support and services. However, researchers have yet to empirically examine law enforcement’s recognition of CST at the agency-level, their arrest practices, or the services that are being offered to CST victims. We have little information about the utilization and effectiveness of various law enforcement agency policies, practices and training programs related to CST. The National Law Enforcement Agency Child Sex Trafficking (LEA-CST) Study aimed to address these gaps through a national survey of law enforcement agencies around the U.S. The current study reports on mail survey data collected from a sample of 1,306 agencies that provided feedback on the use of up to nine victim-centered approaches to CST at their agency. Data were analyzed along with information about whether their agency investigated at least one case of CST in the year 2021. Almost all agencies (97.5%) said they used or had access to at least one victim-centered approach to CST investigations, with larger agencies reporting a greater number of approaches. Two policies were significantly related to a greater likelihood of investigating at least one case of CST in 2021: Access to a CST-specific task force and access to a CST-specific victim service agency. Findings document a growing orientation to these cases by law enforcement that recognizes youth victimization, with innovative approaches to identification and support. Community collaboration appears to be critical to helping to identify, support and provide justice to CST victims.Research Summary This study examined law enforcement’s recognition of CST at the agency-level, their arrest practices, and the services that are being offered to CST victims. Among 1,306 agencies across the United States, almost all (97.5%) said they used or had access to at least one victim-centered approach to CST investigations, with larger agencies reporting a greater number of approaches. Two policies were significantly related to a greater likelihood of investigating at least one CST case in 2021: Access to a CST-specific task force and access to a CST-specific victim service agency.Policy Implications Findings from the current study underscore the importance of victim-centered approaches to CST that feature connections and collaborations across communities. These collaborations champion the wellness of youth who have experienced this unique and egregious form of sexual victimization while simultaneously allowing for criminal investigations to proceed, ideally with minimal re-traumatization of the victim.

Promising Directions for Modernizing Legal Regulations on Non-Custodial Sentences and Criminal Measures

The reduction of criminal repression has gained recognition in modern criminal law, embraced not only by proponents of humanistic principles in criminal justice but also by advocates of a rationalistic approach to maintaining law and order in society and the state. A prevalent trend in modern penitentiary policy is the expansion of legal boundaries and practices involving criminal penalties and measures not involving the isolation of convicts from society. Strategic planning documents for the development of the penal system of the Russian Federation emphasize ongoing modernization efforts, particularly the adoption of alternative state coercive measures to imprisonment. However, an analysis of law enforcement practice reveals divergent trends that characterize the current state of penitentiary policy. Understanding these trends demands careful attention from the scientific community, legislators, and law enforcement authorities.

Data Evidence Collection and Legal Norms in Administrative Law Enforcement

With the rapid development of data technology, data evidence collection has become a key means of improving efficiency and accuracy in administrative law enforcement. However, the widespread application of data evidence collection has introduced new challenges related to legal compliance and privacy protection. This paper analyzes the core role of administrative law enforcement in modern society and the practical challenges it faces, explores the specific application scenarios and operational processes of data evidence collection in administrative law enforcement, and evaluates the current legal norms related to data evidence collection. Drawing on international experience, this paper proposes recommendations for improving data evidence collection legal norms in China, aiming to provide legal support and technical assistance for administrative law enforcement practices. The study seeks to offer references and guidance for the reasonable application of data evidence collection in administrative law enforcement and the development of legal norms.

Informed voluntary consent to medical intervention

The lecture addresses the regulatory framework and law enforcement practices surrounding informed voluntary consent from patients or their legal representatives for medical intervention. It outlines the requirements for the person giving such consent. A definition of the term “legal representative” is also provided. Additionally, the lecture specifies the amount of information a medical professional must present to the patient when seeking consent for medical intervention. The requirements for preparing an informed voluntary consent form are also discussed.

M&A contracts in Ukraine: legal regulation and the mechanism of their conclusion

The article is devoted to the study of legal regulation of M&A contracts and mechanisms of their conclusion in Ukraine as a generally accepted way of business scaling. The author establishes that, according to the current regulatory provisions, M&A contracts may be embodied in the following ways: reorganisation procedures of mergers and acquisitions; establishment of control over an enterprise by acquiring a share in the authorised capital or shares of a company; asset deal, as well as a loan agreement with an alternative obligation within the Diia City legal regime. The author stated the diversity of legislation on reorganisation in the form of mergers and acquisitions - the detailed, step-by-step, European-compliant regulation of mergers and acquisitions of joint stock companies contrasts with fragmented and scattered legislation on reorganisation of other types of business entities. It has been emphasised that despite the complexity and resource­consuming nature of reorganisation in the form of mergers and acquisitions, business entities use these procedures due to their inherent universal succession, which in turn leads to tax-neutral consequences of the changes. The author additionally argues that negotiability relates to the share in the authorised capital of a company, and not to corporate rights. Based on the analysis of the legislative framework and law enforcement practice, the author establishes that an alienation agreement of a share in the authorised capital may be: concluded with both company members and third parties; with or without consideration; concluded only in respect of a paid share (at the same time, the legislative prohibition on alienation of unpaid shares in an LLC is aimed at protecting the legitimate interests of other persons, not company members who have not paid for the share); concluded both orally and in writing. The author outlines the regulatory peculiarities of acquiring a significant and controlling shareholding in joint stock companies. The author systematises the types of contracts which are asset deals by their very nature. It has been substantiated the expediency of transferring debts as a part of a single property complex to its acquirer. The article examines the legal regulation of loan agreements with alternative obligations, which are in essence analogous to the convertible loan mechanism common abroad. The author emphasises that despite the principle of freedom of contract, a loan agreement with an alternative obligation cannot be used outside the legal regime of the Diia City. It was concluded that it is necessary to regulate in more detail the conclusion of such an agreement; the variables used in calculating the creditor’s share; the rights and obligations of the creditor and the debtor.

Compensation of payment of a penalty for improper performance (non-performance) of the duties by the parties to legal services supply agreement

The article is focused on the problem of compensation of payment of a penalty for improper performance (non-performance) of the duties by the parties to legal services supply agreement. The author has indicated that the protection of the rights and interests of the subjects of civil relations, in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 8, 9 of Part 2 of the Art. 16, paragraphs 3, 4 of Part 1 of the Art. 611 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, can be carried out by means of compensation of damage and other methods of compensation for property damage, compensation for moral (non­property) harm and award of a penalty. The analysis of case-law shows that compensation of damage by customers of legal services, along with termination of contracts, is ranked first within the structure of judicial protection methods in obligations to provide legal services. Talking about the compensation for moral harm and award of a penalty, such methods of protection are applied extremely rarely. Accordingly, the author believes that the problem of the responsibility of a provider of legal services, in particular the matter of classification of the appropriateness (or, on the contrary, inappropriateness) of performing own duties by this party of the obligation, causes the most problematic issues both from the point of view of the doctrine of civil law and legal enforcement practice The author of the article has noted the possibility of applying a penalty for such types of offenses as delay in fulfilling the main obligation (delay in providing a legal service per se) and delay in returning funds to a customer. The legislation of Ukraine does not provide the possibility to apply a penalty in relation to improper (low-quality) service provision. Therefore, if a provider began to provide legal services in time, but provided them improperly, then the application of a penalty (fine) to his illegal behavior will be possible only if the contract concluded between the provider and the customer of legal services specifically stipulates a relevant term. Taking into account the known advantages in the position of legal services’ providers regarding certain dictates of contractual terms at the stage of concluding contracts, such a penalty clause is unlikely to appear in such contracts. The difficulty of applying this type of a penalty is also explained by the problem of determining the criteria for assessing the quality of legal services’ provision. As we have noted, there are no such clear criteria. Therefore, the application of a penalty (fine) for the “low-quality” legal service fulfilled by the provider is also complicated by objective reasons. The author has substantiated the provisions that the composing elements of an offense are required in order to apply a penalty in legal relations on supplying legal services. In contrast to compensation of damage, lesser form of an offense is sufficient for awarding a penalty: wrongfulness of the performer’s behavior and his guilt. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, we step aside from studying these aspects, since they are sufficiently thoroughly researched in the material of this subsection on compensation of damage.

Exemption from serving a sentence with probation for pregnant women and women with children under the age of seven as a means of probation: specific problems of application practice

The article highlights certain problems of the judicial practice of applying the institution of exemption from serving a sentence with probation for pregnant women and women with children under the age of seven as a means of probation. It was established that, unlike the general rule on exemption from serving a sentence with probation (Article 75 of the CC of Ukraine), the provisions of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine are mainly focused not on the possibility of correcting a person without isolating him from society, but first, on ensuring the interests of the child. Courts adhere to the same position when, releasing those specified in part 1 of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine, persons from serving a sentence with probation, do not motivate the possibility of correction of the specified category without isolation from society. It was found that in many cases the courts also do not consider the interests of the child when deciding provided for in Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the author concluded that courts follow the trend of “automatic” appointment of the institute under investigation, given the fact that the guilty party is pregnant or has a dependent child under the age of seven. The correctness of the legal position of the Supreme Court is emphasized, according to which the “automatic” application by the courts of the norm of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine on the basis of the offender belonging to the category of persons provided for by the specified norm, is inadmissible, since its application must be preceded by an assessment of the person of the offender, the possibility of her correction without isolation from society and ensuring the interests of the child. It has been established that by fixing the provisions regarding the probationary period, which is set for those released from serving a probationary sentence under Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine, the legislator did not specify its minimum duration, constructing the relevant norm in such a way that it could be individualized depending on the age of the convicted child. At the same time, the courts in their decisions do not always indicate the specific age of the child, which makes it impossible not only to correctly determine the time limits of the examination period, but also to apply the investigated institute in general. The author found that some courts incorrectly apply the norm of part 1 of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine regarding the determination of the probationary period, as they establish a probationary period that exceeds the time during which a woman can be dismissed from work in connection with pregnancy, childbirth and before the child reaches the age of seven. It was concluded that the correct practice of applying the provisions of Article 79 of the CC of Ukraine, means of probation are not only the determination of the state of pregnancy or the presence of a minor child in the convicted person and the determination of the probation period until the latter reaches the age of seven, but also taking into account the circumstances of the committed criminal offense, the guilty party and the interests of the child.

Принцип добросовестности в муниципальных правоотношениях

The article is devoted to the study of the content and functions of the constitutional principle of good faith in municipal legal relations. Based on an analysis of the legal nature of local self-government, the status of participants in municipal legal relations and the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the list of functions of the principle of good faith in the municipal sphere has been clarified. The thesis is substantiated that within the framework of municipal legal relations, the principle of good faith, in addition to specifying, complementing, correcting and limiting functions, also performs a compensatory function aimed at protecting the obviously weaker party in order to ensure constitutional requirements for the balance of rights and legitimate interests of the parties in legal relations. The manifestations of the specifying function of the principle of good faith in the sphere of municipal legal relations have been studied. The analysis of the functions of the principle of good faith and materials from law enforcement practice allowed us to formulate certain criteria for the good faith of local government bodies and officials.

Правовые проблемы признания и реализации права собственности на гаражи (по результатам социологических исследований)

The article studies the problems of registration of ownership of garages, the actualization of which is associated with the adoption of new normative legal acts in this area. Special attention is paid to the cities of federal status, in which the implementation of the «garage amnesty» is particularly difficult. Based on the results of the sociological research conducted by the author, analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice, the author formulates both the main problems present in the studied area and the factors (reasons) contributing to their emergence. The author has developed proposals to improve the legislation, including clarification of the status of garages, elimination of conflicts of legal norms, optimization of public policy in the field of storage (parking) of vehicles.

Civil liability of the sole executive body of a business company: correlation with labor and tax law institutions

In modern conditions of business turnover, characterized by the desire of business entities to achieve the benefits and goals of social corporate responsibility, the issues of preserving the balance of interests of parties that have a diversified status are of particular relevance. Such subjects include the general director, who is simultaneously a management body, an employee and a taxpayer, being in relations with a business company regulated by both corporate, labor and tax law norms, which allows to qualify his status as a diversified one. The issue of correlation of the norms of three branches of law in relation to the status of the chief executive officer (CEO) through the prism of the institute of civil liability in the form of compensation for losses caused to the company by incentive (bonus) payments to the CEO is considered. The article assesses the law enforcement practice in disputes concerning the recovery of this category of losses from the director, where the courts give priority to the norms of corporate law without taking into account the explanations of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the unconditional right of an employee to receive bonuses, which are a variable component of salary. The court approaches are analyzed and their justifications are given with regard to the inclusion of the amounts of personal income tax paid by the company to the budget of the Russian Federation into the damages recovered from the CEO. The conclusions are made about the priority importance of labor and tax legislation norms in correlation with corporate law norms when applying the institute of directors’ indemnification for losses. The results of the study can be used for the development by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of appropriate explanations to the courts of lower instances on consideration of disputes on the recovery of losses from the sole executive body of a business company.