Context Of Law Enforcement Research Articles

Accounting, Analytical and Information Support for Law Enforcement Activity in Conditions of Ensuring Economic Security in Public Administration

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop an effective model of accounting, analytical, and information support for law enforcement activities in ensuring economic security amidst strong turbulence in the external environment. Theoretical Framework: This research is anchored in the principles of economic security and law enforcement support systems. It utilizes the IDEF0 model as the primary theoretical framework to analyze and structure the accounting, analytical, and informational processes that underpin effective law enforcement in volatile conditions. Method: The research methodology employs the IDEF0 model to construct a comprehensive framework for the accounting, analytical, and information support systems specific to law enforcement activities. Results and Discussion: he study successfully resulted in a detailed decomposition of the IDEF0 model, highlighting innovative ways to bolster the accounting, analytical, and information support for law enforcement. These results are contextualized within the broader framework of maintaining economic security in turbulent environments, underscoring the adaptability and robustness of the proposed model. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are significant for policymakers and law enforcement agencies. The model provides a strategic foundation for enhancing economic security frameworks, which is crucial for adapting to and thriving in dynamic external conditions. Originality/Value: This study contributes original insights into the application of the IDEF0 model in a law enforcement context, particularly in scenarios characterized by significant economic turbulence.

AI Based FIR Filing System

In the realm of law enforcement, the accurate and timely filing of First Information Reports (FIRs) stands as a crucial step in the initiation of criminal investigations. However, this process is often fraught with challenges, ranging from the complexity of legal frameworks to the potential for inaccuracies in manual documentation. In recent years, the modernization of law enforcement practices has been propelled by advancements in technology, offering promising solutions to address these challenges. This survey paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the landscape of technological solutions designed to enhance FIR filing processes, with a specific focus on their application in law enforcement contexts.

Bibliometric Exploration of Factors Affecting Community Involvement in Environmental Law Enforcement

This research conducts a comprehensive bibliometric exploration to unravel the factors influencing community involvement in environmental law enforcement, a critical aspect of safeguarding ecosystems and public health. Environmental law enforcement relies heavily on community participation, yet understanding the determinants shaping such involvement remains incomplete. Through a systematic analysis of scholarly literature, this study aims to bridge this gap by identifying key themes, trends, and gaps in understanding community dynamics in environmental law enforcement contexts. The research employs bibliometric techniques to analyze a vast corpus of publications, exploring factors such as social norms, economic conditions, and enforcement strategies affecting community engagement. The findings not only contribute to theoretical understanding but also offer practical insights for policymakers, environmental agencies, and community organizers to enhance community participation in environmental protection efforts.

LINKING JOB SECURITY TO PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION POLICE

This study aims to investigate the direct effect of job security on psychological well-being with job satisfaction as a mediator among the Police in Indonesia. The research method used a quantitative approach with 101 police respondents. The analysis results showed that all variables met the criteria of validity and reliability. There is no problem of multicollinearity between latent variables. The study highlights the importance of job security, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being among police officers and employees in the public organization. The analysis showed that job security significantly influenced job satisfaction and psychological well-being. Although job satisfaction may not play the role of maximal mediation, the importance of a supportive work environment in improving job satisfaction and psychological well-being among police officers is also highlighted. The rigorous methodology and comprehensive analysis provide valuable insights into the relationship between job security, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being in Indonesia's law enforcement context

Restorative Justice for Children in Conflict with the Law in Narcotics Cases

The aim of this study is to examine the implementation of restorative justice for juveniles involved in narcotics cases within the context of law enforcement. The research adopts a normative legal approach with a descriptive nature, focusing specifically on the analysis of the ambiguity within Article 82 of Law Number 11 of 2012 regarding the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Both statutory and conceptual approaches are employed in this legal inquiry. The findings reveal that efforts to address narcotics-related offenses among juveniles are pursued through a combination of non-penal and penal policies. Non-penal measures involve preventive and repressive strategies, including counseling, awareness campaigns, distribution of informative materials such as pamphlets and billboards, engagement with traditional and religious leaders, and community guidance. In conclusion, this research underscores the necessity of integrating restorative justice principles into the handling of juvenile offenders involved in narcotics cases. It emphasizes the importance of a multifaceted approach that encompasses both preventive and punitive measures within the legal framework.

Voice analysis for intoxication detection in laboratory versus law enforcement contexts

There is substantial interest in deploying voice biomarkers for the detection of alcohol intoxication, yet it remains unknown how other mental and physical states (e.g. emotion, stress) influence voice biomarkers in intoxicated speech. We compared measurements of voice quality (jitter, shimmer, noise-harmonics ratio) across two datasets of alcohol-intoxicated speech: (1) The alcohol language corpus, which contains laboratory elicited speech from 167 individuals in both sober and intoxicated conditions and (2) a custom dataset of police (control, n = 14) and suspect (intoxicated, n = 32) interactions during traffic stops where intoxication was verified via breath analysis. Measurements were extracted from all stressed vowel tokens and compared across conditions using two-sample t-tests within sex-specific groupings of each dataset. For both males and females, jitter was significantly lower during intoxication as measured from laboratory-elicited speech, but significantly higher for intoxicated individuals when measured from police–suspect interactions. These results suggest that voice biomarkers for alcohol-intoxication are easily confounded by other emotional and physical states (e.g., stress during police interaction), and thus, present a particular challenge for speaker-independent detection systems where baseline voice quality measurements across different emotional states are unknown. [Research funded by Tenvos Incorporated for the development of commercial speaker state-detection algorithms.]

Using interactive learning methods during practical exercises on fire training

This article examines the use of interactive learning methods during practical exercises on fire training. The author considered the effectiveness and practical advantages of using modern technologies and interactive approaches to improve the educational process in the law enforcement context. The article analyzes the results of research and provides examples of successful implementation of interactive training methods during fire training, which contributes to improving the skills and knowledge of future law enforcement officers.
 The article also discusses various tools and technologies that can be used for interactive fire training, such as virtual reality, range simulators, and skill monitoring systems. The importance of involving the military in active participation in the training process, as well as the interaction between instructors and law enforcement officers during training, is highlighted. Practical recommendations for the implementation of interactive training methods in the context of fire training to achieve a higher level of training and effectiveness of military operations are described.
 Interactive learning approaches such as simulations, games, virtual reality, practical exercises and competitions are analyzed, particularly their advantages in promoting firearms proficiency and knowledge. The study describes the interaction of participants during interactive classes, emphasizing the role of cooperation and interaction in the learning process. The impact of these methods on improving the understanding of the material and ensuring effective learning is also considered. The results of the study provide an important contribution to the understanding and use of interactive training methods in the field of fire training, emphasizing their importance for increasing the effectiveness and interest in training, as well as improving proficiency in this area.
 These interactive methods help increase the effectiveness of training and the practical application of fire training skills, ensuring better learning of the material and preparation for real situations.

Trust in the police and affective evaluation of police faces: a preliminary study.

A study was conducted to investigate if an individual's trust in law enforcement affects their perception of the emotional facial expressions displayed by police officers. The study invited 77 participants to rate the valence of 360 face images. Images featured individuals without headgear (condition 1), or with a baseball cap (condition 2) or police hat (condition 3) digitally added to the original photograph. The images were balanced across sex, race/ethnicity (Asian, African American, Latine, and Caucasian), and facial expression (Happy, Neutral, and Angry). After rating the facial expressions, respondents completed a survey about their attitudes toward the police. The results showed that, on average, valence ratings for "Angry" faces were similar across all experimental conditions. However, a closer examination revealed that faces with police hats were perceived as angrier compared to the control conditions (those with no hat and those with a baseball cap) by individuals who held negative views of the police. Conversely, participants with positive attitudes toward the police perceived faces with police hats as less angry compared to the control condition. This correlation was highly significant for angry faces (p < 0.01), and stronger in response to male faces compared to female faces but was not significant for neutral or happy faces. The study emphasizes the substantial role of attitudes in shaping social perception, particularly within the context of law enforcement.

PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM HUKUM KEPOLISIAN DI INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK

Basically, the enactment of Law No. 11/ 2012 on the system of Juvenile Justice at providing protection to children who are involved in the mechanism of the system of Juvenile Justice, particularly in the processes of investigation conducted by the police.In the context of law enforcement, the Indonesian National Police must be able to provide proportionally and profesionally to the children who are involved in or suspects of criminal offences. Nevertheless, there are still many irregularities done Polri personnel in general and investigators in-charged with juvenile justice in particular. They treat the children who are involved in or suspects of criminal offences like adults who commits criminal offences.In order to analyze and get the answers for the research problems, the authors employs the Qualitative Research Method, where the legal materials and information are obtained through the documentation study, and interviews with relevant parties.The results of the research conclude that the development System of Police Law in Indonesian (the three sub-systems in the System of Police Law) are closely interrelated with the development System of Juvenile Justice. It has improved the professionalism of Polri’s investigators and to assist Polri in developing the substance of Police Law, Polri’s organizational structure, and change the culture of Polri’s investigators in handling or investigating children who are involved in or suspects of criminal offences.

Corporate liability and white-collar crime: Comparative review

The aim of the research was to analyze academic approaches to understanding the legal nature of white-collar crime and what crimes it includes; based on this understanding, the model of corporate criminal liability was investigated to place it in various law enforcement contexts. Throughout the article, appropriate research methods have been used, such as: comparative law method, systemic-structural method, formal-legal method. Based on the results of the detailed comparative analysis, it has been established that there are no unified standards or models for both white-collar crime and corporate criminal liability. Furthermore, it has been argued that the concept of fraud (deception) constitutes the key element of white-collar crime and is also the foundation of most corporate crimes. In the conclusions, it is argued that corporate criminal liability in the United States, and to a lesser extent in some European countries (including Ukraine), is a powerful law enforcement tool capable of protecting society from massive crimes as well as deterring corporations from unlawful deviations.

“The Golden Age of the Russian Old Believers and Sectarianism”: reform of the legal status of Old Believers and sectarians 1905-1906 through the prism of law enforcement

The article contains an analysis of the legal situation of sectarians and Old Believers of various consents after the publication of decrees on April 17, 1905 "On strengthening the principles of religious tolerance" and on October 17, 1906 "On the procedure for the formation and action of Old Believer and sectarian communities." The study is based on the materials of the Russian socio-political and Old Believer press, documents of private origin (diary entries of public and state figures), etc.The focus of the authors' attention is government decrees and circulars, as well as materials of lawsuits against Old Believers and sectarians. The authors recreate the law enforcement context of the implementation of the confessional reform of 1905–1906 and its impact on the legal life of representatives of Old Believer consents and sectarians, in particular, representatives of the so-called "Izuver" sects. Using the possibilities of formal-legal, comparative-legal and especially historical-biographical methods of historical-legal research, involving the analysis of current legislation by contemporaries, the authors come to the conclusion that the practice of applying new legislation contained numerous problem places. There were bureaucratic methods of reform, and dubious in some cases expert opinions of missionaries at trials, and a lack of understanding of the differences between Old Believers and sectarians, and other factors that make up the so-called "executor effect," which hindered the implementation of religious reform. The main drawback of law enforcement practice was seen by religious scholars in maintaining the principle of administrative guardianship of religious societies, which reflected the inconsistency of state policy in this matter.

Real-time threat assessment based on hidden Markov models.

An essential factor toward ensuring the security of individuals and critical infrastructures is the timely detection of potentially threatening situations. To this end, especially in the law enforcement context, the availability of effective and efficient threat assessment mechanisms for identifying and eventually preventing crime- and terrorism-related threatening situations is of utmost importance. Toward this direction, this work proposes a hidden Markov model-based threat assessment framework for effectively and efficiently assessing threats in specific situations, such as public events. Specifically, a probabilistic approach is adopted to estimate the threat level of a situation at each point in time. The proposed approach also permits the reflection of the dynamic evolution of a threat over time by considering that the estimation of the threat level at a given time is affected by past observations. This estimation of the dynamic evolution of the threat is very useful, since it can support the decisions by security personnel regarding the taking of precautionary measures in case the threat level seems to adopt an upward trajectory, even before it reaches the highest level. In addition, its probabilistic basis allows for taking into account noisy data. The applicability of the proposed framework is showcased in a use case that focuses on the identification of potential threats in public events on the basis of evidence obtained from the automatic visual analysis of the footage of surveillancecameras.

“I am doing my part, you are doing your part”: the sworn-civilian divide in police dispatching

PurposeWhile police culture typically refers to the culture among sworn police personnel, there are internal cultural differences between subgroups. This has been documented among sworn personnel, such as the difference between street cops and management cops (Reuss-Ianni, 1983). The divide between professional and sworn staff in a law enforcement context has also been discussed at length (Maguire, 1997; Reiss, 1992), specifically the “us versus them” mentality that stems from feelings of isolation among professional and sworn staff. The relationship between dispatchers and officers is vital to public and officer safety; it is imperative that cultural barriers preventing effective collaboration between two of the most critical components of policing are identified, and recommendations to bridge the gap are provided.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use semi-structured interview data from a sample of peer-nominated top dispatch de-escalators (TDDs) considered highly skilled at de-escalation with callers and officers. Reflexive coding techniques were used to identify key themes in an area largely unexamined by research.FindingsThe authors find that the police culture creates friction between sworn officers and dispatchers in a number of contexts. This diminishes organizational commitment and increases burnout and frustration.Practical implicationsThere are several policy recommendations for both communications centers and sworn staff to foster understanding and increase collaboration, all of which may result in improved outcomes for community members, dispatchers and officers.Originality/valueThe authors use qualitative methods to explore the implications of the sworn-civilian divide for police practice, such as more effective de-escalation and incident resolution, as well as the conceptualization of police culture writ large.

The adaptable law enforcement officer: Exploring adaptability in a covert police context

AbstractAdaptability refers to cognitive, behavioural and emotional adjustments that assist in effectively responding to novel and uncertain situations. It is acknowledged as a key attribute of the successful management of dynamic interpersonal interactions. Yet, adaptability remains largely unstudied in the field of psychology and law. Here, we take the first steps to fill this research gap. In Study 1, university students (n = 30) acted as ‘agents’ that had to complete three ‘undercover missions’ that required an adaptive response. Adaptability was measured through a self‐report scale. In Study 2, practitioners (n = 22), experienced with covert policing, watched recordings of the undercover missions from Experiment 1. The practitioners rated the adaptive responses of the agents, as well as their ability to attain the mission objectives. The findings showed that our experimental set‐up successfully elicited adaptive behaviour. Practitioners’ ratings of adaptability were strongly related to their ratings of trustworthiness, rapport and belief in whether the agent would accomplish their missions, but not with actual mission success. The results highlight the potential importance of adaptability for law enforcement contexts.

Therapy dogs, stress-reduction, and well-being within the detachment: Interviews with law-enforcement personnel

Abstract Despite the increasing popularity of canine-assisted interventions (CAIs) across a variety of contexts, and the demonstrated efficacy they have on stress reduction, there is a paucity of research exploring the implementation of such programs within the context of law enforcement. Policing is known to be an environment in which personnel experience elevated occupational stress. As stress can compromise the overall well-being of law-enforcement personnel and their ability to serve the public, it is important to understand how CAIs involving therapy dog visitation are experienced by the very individuals for whom they are intended to help. This qualitative study explored Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) members’ experiences of stress within a detachment and their perceptions of a CAI integrated within their workplace to support their well-being. Eight RCMP members (75% female, Mage = 49.21, SD = 6.12) from an urban RCMP detachment situated in the downtown core of a small city were interviewed. The interview focused on topics including members’ experiences of stress within the workplace, their perceptions of the effects of stress, resources and sources of support, and their experiences participating in a weekly CAI within their detachment. Results indicated that organizational stressors were identified more often than operational stressors; that members most commonly reported that stress rendered them more irritable and impacted their sleep, and that the most commonly reported coping mechanism and resource are exercise and medical services, respectively. In discussing the CAI, participants were overwhelmingly positive in their experiences of the program, and demonstrated support for having CAIs within the detachment setting. Discussion of the impact of the sessions demonstrated that participants found that the program served as a break from work, relieved their stress, improved their mood, and helped them to change perspectives. Participants also identified the role of the dogs within the program, which included their role as a social being. The findings from the current study contribute to better understanding of the lived experiences of stress within RCMP members and of CAIs within an applied setting.

“The business is about knowing who to sell to”: Nigerian retail-level drug dealers’ strategies for avoiding police arrest

Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 31 male commercially-oriented retail dealers selling multiple substances in a street-level drug market recruited through snowball sampling in Uyo, Nigeria, this study explores situated strategies for minimizing the risk of police arrest. Findings highlight four broad strategies: selling to genuine buyers, using mobile phones, discreet transactions, and temporary desistance. These strategies are situated within local drug markets and law enforcement context. Strategies were oriented towards avoiding arrest for criminal complicity, negotiating changing relationship to law enforcement, and reducing visibility through a combination of phone calls and delivery services. It is argued that while restrictive deterrence may displace retail drug dealing, it does not lead to overall reduction in frequency of sales. Further, police complicity in drug trade through bribery limits restrictive deterrence. Measures that prioritize the demand-side of drug markets, including treatment for dependent users, should be considered, while refocusing law enforcement on large-scale traffickers.

“We can talk to you, you’re less radical”: reflexivity and developing answerability

This autoethnographic paper discusses the complex methodological issues of a Latina scholar activist conducting research about the undocumented in a law enforcement context in the presence of power elites. She navigates her purpose and perceived identities in withholding some identities for the purpose of accessing data. She chronicles her fieldwork, noting her cultural intuition approach, reflecting on her navigation of answerability to her immigrant community members as well as to traditional norms of academic colonizing fieldwork that serve the elite higher education institutions. She examines the possibility of maintaining integrity to her call of solidarity, advocacy, and activism en familia, to her community members and values.

Uncovering the Mitigating Psychological Response to Monitoring Technologies: Police Body Cameras Not Only Constrain but Also Depolarize

Despite organizational psychologists’ long-standing caution against monitoring (citing its reduction in employee autonomy and thus effectiveness), many organizations continue to use it, often with no detriment to performance and with strong support, not protest, from employees. We argue that a critical step to resolving this anomaly is revisiting researchers’ fundamental assumptions about access to gathered data. Whereas previous research assumes that access resides nearly exclusively with supervisors and other evaluators, technological advances have enabled employee access. We hypothesize that with employee access, the psychological effects of monitoring may be far more complex than previously acknowledged. Whereas multiparty access may still decrease employee autonomy, it may also trigger an important psychological benefit: alleviating employees’ perceptions of polarization—the increasing social and ideological divergence between themselves and their evaluators. Access gives employees unprecedented opportunities to use the “objective” footage to show others their perspective, address evaluators’ erroneous assumptions and stereotypes, and otherwise defuse ideological tensions. Lower perceived polarization, in turn, attenuates the negative effects that low autonomy would otherwise have on employee effectiveness. We find support for these hypotheses across three field studies conducted in the law enforcement context, which has been a trailblazer in using technological advances to grant broad access to multiple parties, including employees. Overall, our studies shed light on the conflicting (and ultimately more innocuous) impact of monitoring and encourage scholars to break from prior approaches to account for its increasing egalitarianism.

ANALISIS YURIDIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM ATAS PEREDARAN NARKOTIKA JENIS SABU MELALUI UPAYA DISKRESI (STUDI PENELITIAN DI POLRESTA BARELANG)

In the current case of drug abuse circulation is increasingly widespread and the mode of operation is increasingly diverse, the police are required to develop their own law enforcement strategies. However, behind that there is also a need for some form of supervision and control of actions policing is to reduce the possibility of abuse discretion, so that the negative impact of the implementation of the discretion does not result injustice. The law only contains the basic rules that are in practice enforcement always depends on the context of the community. Therefore The police are given the authority to exercise police discretion, a concept giving authority to take actions based on careful consideration the conscience of the police on duty or the consideration of police institutions. This study aims to find out how law enforcement is above Circulation of methamphetamine type narcotics through discretionary efforts factors which become obstacles / obstacles to Law Enforcement on Circulation Narcotic Type of Methamphetamine Through Discretionary Efforts. This research uses empirical normative legal research is legal research that uses Secondary data sources are combined with legal research that uses primary data source The results of the study show that the factors that influence implementation of police discretion in solving criminal cases narcotics namely legal substance factors, namely the existence of a legal basis give authority to members of the police to take action discretion so that the implementation of the task does not harm the context of law enforcement and must be done professionally and in accordance with the police code of ethics as must for police officers, given the power of discretion without being accompanied restrictions can potentially abuse authority. For this reason the discretion taken by the investigator must be aimed at get a sense of fairness even though it is not contained in the Criminal Code will but in essence to maintain legal certainty and internal order Public

ANALISIS YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA KHUSUS PENCUCIAN UANG YANG BERASAL DARI TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA (STUDI PENELITIAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN)

In the current case of drug abuse circulation is increasingly widespread and the mode of operation is increasingly diverse, the police are required to develop their own law enforcement strategies. However, behind that there is also a need for some form of supervision and control of actions policing is to reduce the possibility of abuse discretion, so that the negative impact of the implementation of the discretion does not result injustice. The law only contains the basic rules that are in practice enforcement always depends on the context of the community. Therefore The police are given the authority to exercise police discretion, a concept giving authority to take actions based on careful consideration the conscience of the police on duty or the consideration of police institutions. This study aims to find out how law enforcement is above Circulation of methamphetamine type narcotics through discretionary efforts factors which become obstacles / obstacles to Law Enforcement on Circulation Narcotic Type of Methamphetamine Through Discretionary Efforts. This research uses empirical normative legal research is legal research that uses Secondary data sources are combined with legal research that uses primary data source The results of the study show that the factors that influence implementation of police discretion in solving criminal cases narcotics namely legal substance factors, namely the existence of a legal basis give authority to members of the police to take action discretion so that the implementation of the task does not harm the context of law enforcement and must be done professionally and in accordance with the police code of ethics as must for police officers, given the power of discretion without being accompanied restrictions can potentially abuse authority. For this reason the discretion taken by the investigator must be aimed at get a sense of fairness even though it is not contained in the Criminal Code will but in essence to maintain legal certainty and internal order Public