Law-abiding Citizens Research Articles

The Covid 19 And The Likes Of Possible Pandemic: An Islamic Way To Earnest Prophylaxis

This paper, examines the Covid 19 pandemic and its future predictable like the deadly influenza virus, showcasing the Islamic-social measures to deal with such viruses with references to its events in history. The research traced back centuries in the history of the world to identify similar case studies. In the history of humans, there is Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) pandemic, and when the Russian contagious disease strain (HINI) resurfaced in 1977, the contagious disease family originated from mammals and several other animals. Hence, the study established the fact that Islam prescribes different measures to contain it. Muslim folks and others should take good care of their health by eating a balanced diet and maintaining good health habits in their bodies and places of worship. Descriptive and doctrinal methods are adopted to explain the Islamic perspective and some social strategies for dealing with pandemics. Finally, it is recommended that the provision provided in the Islamic objective before the secular policy and development programs should be correctly implemented to save lives, even prior to disease challenges. While Muslims are also urged to understand their religion and every human should be a law-abiding citizen to tackle the menace of pandemics around the world.

Crime Talk and Male Criminality: Ethnographic and Historical Perspectives on Malaysia, 1978-2018

ABSTRACT In the past few decades many countries have experienced a surge in crime that is heavily gendered. Men are responsible for much of the rising tide of criminality (and for most criminal offenses prior to the recent surge). This dynamic threatens not only women and children but also societies and polities more generally. Additionally, it occasions serious doubts about state agents’ widely touted commitments to law and order and their oft-celebrated claims to prioritize the safety, flourishing, and overall well-being of law-abiding citizens. It is thus paradoxical that mainstream public debates on illegalities and delinquencies oftentimes do not substantively engage the strongly gendered nature of criminal transgression. This article explores such paradoxes by providing interdisciplinary perspectives on the Muslim-majority nation of Malaysia. It draws on nearly three years of ethnographic fieldwork and historical research, supplemented by analysis of court records, media accounts, and other sources, to argue that essentialized categories and conceptual dichotomies in the dominant public narratives on crime contribute to the relative elision of gender in discussions of criminality. The article also addresses the socio-political significance of these dynamics and some of their comparative and theoretical implications.

International experience of using special knowledge in the investigation of counterfeiting

The article highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of the investigation of counterfeiting as a socially dangerous phenomenon that has a transnational character. The need to implement international experience in the use of special knowledge in the investigation of counterfeiting, as well as the formation and role of Interpol in coordinating the work of law enforcement agencies of different countries in this direction, is considerer.The general processes of European and world interconnection, the globalization of economic, political and social relations, supported by new communication and technological opportunities, are increasingly covering the sphere of economic crime, in particular the most widespread and most dangerous phenomenon for society, such as counterfeiting. Increasingly, this is manifested in the fact that, together with law-abiding citizens, it has become easier for criminals to penetrate across state borders, which has caused the spread of criminal manifestations in the transnational space. The exit of criminal activity beyond the borders of specific states gives rise to international crime, which puts it at a much higher level of danger compared to domestic crime. The problems and tasks associated with this phenomenon have become widely spread, and, as a matter of fact, they have become the subject of practical solutions by law enforcement agencies around the world and scientific consideration by scientists.Along with other serious crimes of a transnational nature, such as terrorism, illegal drug trafficking, human trafficking, crimes against the state, smuggling, domestic and foreign scientists also single out counterfeiting, which poses the greatest threat to the integrity of financial and commercial institutions of individual states and the world community in general.

Synthesis of legal aspects as methodological foundations of land and natural use based on the current land norms of the constitution of Ukraine

It has been proven that the Basic Law of Ukraine, unlike other states, unequivocally recognizes the Ukrainian people (all citizens of Ukraine) as the sole and absolute owner of the land and its natural resources as natural objects of property rights — the main national wealth, which de jure is under a special state protection. The purpose of the article is to generalize the main empirical results of the analysis and synthesis of normative and legal aspects regarding the methodological principles of the use of land and its natural resources as natural objects of property rights of the Ukrainian people for the application of scientifically based methods and methods of nature use rights in practice, including in the agricultural sphere. It is predicted that the full implementation of the outlined constitutional land rights of citizens as nationwide, as well as the practical implementation of appropriate measures at all levels as the main mechanisms of their (rights) protection and implementation, will allow in the short term to ensure the comfortable life of all law-abiding citizens of Ukraine. In this regard, the priority introduction of the so-called land and agrarian reforms into the constitutional field of Ukraine is required, as well as the taking of all natural objects of the property rights of the Ukrainian people on a nationwide non-departmental balance in the newly created National Land Institution of Ukraine. It was found that the development of legislative acts and regulatory documents for the practical application of specific mechanisms, methods and methods of nature management, including in the agricultural sector, requires the preparation of relevant methodological materials by separate state order.

A fractional-order model to study the dynamics of the spread of crime

Numerous crucial factors and parameters influence the dynamic process of the spread of crime. Various integer-order differential models have been proposed to capture crime spread. Most of these introduced dynamic systems have not considered the history of the criminal and the impact of crime on society. To address these shortcomings, a fractional-order crime transmission model is proposed in this manuscript considering five different classes viz law-abiding citizens, non-incarcerated criminals, incarcerated criminals, prison-released and recidivists. The primary focus of the proposed model is to study the effect of recidivism in society and decide the adequate imprisonment for repeat offenders. The existence, uniqueness, non-negativity and boundedness of the solution of the proposed model are examined. The local stability of the equilibrium points is also analysed using Routh–Hurwitz Criteria with Matignon conditions. Further, the threshold condition for the uniform asymptotic stability of the system is evaluated by the Lyapunov stability method. Moreover, the long-term impact of the imprisonment of criminals on society is also examined in the current study. The numerical simulations of the model for a range of fractional orders are obtained using power series expansion method to strengthen the theoretical results.

REPRESENTATION OF LEGAL INFORMATION IN A LEGAL JOURNAL FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN

After Ukraine gained independence in 1991, the number of children's periodicals increased rapidly. There was a need not only to determine their quantitative characteristics, but also to analyze their qualitative content in accordance with the functions and purpose of children's periodicals in general - the education of a new generation of Ukrainians, and the legal direction in particular - the formation of a law-abiding citizen. The market of journal legal periodicals of Ukraine is quite saturated, among them there is a predominance of journals of a scientific and practical nature, which are usually published by higher educational institutions of the country, and editions for practitioners of jurisprudence, which are publications of specialized publishing houses, such as "Jurinkom Inter" or "Yurydychna Praktyka". The only legal magazine for children was "Abetka Prava", which was published in 2012-2013 by the editors of the all-Ukrainian legal magazine "Pravo Ukrayiny". There were six publications, but four issues (№1 and №2-4 in 2012 and №1 and №2 in 2013), with a print run of 300 copies of each issue in 2012 and 100 copies in 2013. Larisa Denysenko was the editor-in-chief. She was a lawyer, TV journalist and writer, who led the sections - the editor-in-chief's introduction, an interview, a story with a continuation, and practical exercises (co-authored). The authors of the materials were journalists, lawyers, philologists, psychologists and teachers. The rubric of the edition includes both permanent rubrics and those that were repeated in several issues or sounded only once. The topic of the publication's materials corresponds to the stated idea - a legal magazine for schoolchildren. Each issue of the magazine had a thematic nature and all texts were subordinated to certain aspects of the topic, were presented in different genre forms, where the authors tried to explain the essence of a certain human right, its nature, how it can be used, what are the legal mechanisms of protection and defense, and practical exercises contribute to consolidation of acquired knowledge and elementary skills of using one's constitutional right and protection against its violations.

Impacts of Vocational Training and Recreational Activities on Prison Inmates: A Case Study of Youthful Offender’s Correctional Facility, Hyderabad Pakistan

The current qualitative study was conducted at a young offender's correctional facility in Hyderabad, Sindh. In-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 07 young, convicted convicts and 03 prison officials who were chosen using a purposeful sampling technique. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using a thematic analytical approach. The study had two goals: one was to examine what kind of vocational training and recreational activities are available within the jail, and the other was to examine the impact of training on offenders. According to the study, offenders are provided with various vocational training and recreational activities, and as a result, they have positively impacted themselves. According to this study's findings, rehabilitative education plays an essential role in offender rehabilitation by changing behavior and attitude, boosting self-esteem and self-confidence, improving employment skills, reviving humanity, improving cognitive skills, promoting growth, increasing literacy levels, and transforming offenders into law-abiding citizens. The following study recommended that every prison in Sindh should provide educational, psychological, recreational, and motivational programs based on reformation and rehabilitation. The government and prison administration should employ full-time criminologist specialists who specialize in specific areas of prisoner rehabilitation to ensure the proper rehabilitation of offenders.

Challenges And Expectation For Implementation Of Technical And Vocational Education Training (TVET) In Malaysian Prison Institutions: A Preliminary Study

The Malaysian Prison Department offers rehabilitation programmes for inmates that include guidance and counselling, disciplinary, religious and moral education, vocational and skills training and pre-release programs before they return to society as law-abiding citizens, and the success of this program is based on the recidivism rate. Implementation of Technical dan Vocational Education Training (TVET) in the Human Development Program (PPI) depends on the professional development of the instructor and must be in line with the national level requirement. Prison vocational instructors need to possess different teaching competencies due to their unique environment. This study aimed to identify and provide a new approach for training vocational teachers according to the needs of different stakeholders such as instructors, trainers (inmates) and related parties involved in TVET training. This study used a qualitative approach to collect the data. It used a semi-structured interview strategy with the educational experts in TVET, including training module developers, teaching experts, national industrial experts, prison senior officers, NDTS coaches, NDTS trainers and NDTS coordinators. The interview was to develop in-depth knowledge to enhance the data on the important domains of teaching competencies by thematic analysis. Analysis using NVivo, this study identified five core teaching competencies challenges faced by vocational instructors in prison: planning and preparation competencies, classroom preparation competencies, carrying out professional responsibilities’ competencies; instruction competencies; and assessment competencies. This study can be useful to Prison Vocational Instructors, Prison Management and also Prison Institutions that pursue accreditation on TVET teaching and learning.
 Keywords: Teaching Competency; Education; Prison; TVET

Political and legal guarantees of human and civil security

In this article, the authors consider the essence of human and civil security, determine the factors that threaten it, and the consequences that violations of human rights, including the right to personal security, lead to. By personal security, the authors understand the state of absence of danger when interacting with objects of the external environment and the process of ensuring legal guarantees for the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms. Security cannot exist without danger; it finds its existence with the emergence of threats. Personal security is threatened by wars, socio-economic instability, poverty, corruption, crime, domestic interethnic and religious conflicts, injustice, etc. The consequence is a violation of human rights, primarily the right to life and restrictions on its freedoms. The, the subject of this study is relevant. The purpose of this study was to find threats to personal security and analyse the possibilities of their elimination by political and legal means. The methodological basis of this paper was the dialectical approach, as well as several other methods: formal logical, systematic, formal legal, structural-functional. Results: personal security, as a special type of human and civil security, despite its close relationship with the security of society and the state, is an independent socio-legal phenomenon that requires special attention. Personal security is ensured, foremost, by the norms of constitutional, criminal, and administrative law. Restriction of the rights and freedoms of offenders, however, may be accompanied by restriction of the rights and freedoms of law-abiding citizens. The originality of this study lies in the investigation of political and legal guarantees of personal security and the identification of opportunities for its provision in the modern world, considering the principles of the rule of law, civil society, and justice. Security as a complex social phenomenon is an element of other complex social systems, which include a human, society, the state, as well as the economic, political, and spiritual spheres of public life. Security is an essential factor in the functioning and very existence of all social systems. The main subject that organizes the life of society is the state. The international community also plays an essential role in this process

INFLUENCE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY AND TAXPAYERS’ BEHAVIOURS ON TAX FRAUD MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

Tax fraud remains the greatest challenge to the government across the world, but the alarming rate at which it is being perpetrated in Nigeria is of concern to the government. The government has lost billions of naira as a result of this. The involvement of taxpayers in tax fraud depends on the level at which they perceive the institution of governance. Hence, this study examined the influence of interaction between institutional quality and taxpayers’ behaviors on tax fraud management in south-west Nigeria. The study employed a quantitative method to generate data from the total population of 504,263 respondents. The sample size consisted of 400 taxpayers (companies and businesses) registered with the Federal Inland Revenue Service in southwest Nigeria. The data were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The interaction of institutional quality and taxpayer behaviors on tax fraud management was found to have a significant negative relationship (= -0.066, t = -1.763, p = 0.039, 0.05). According to this study, the sets of exogenous latent variables (i.e., institutional quality and taxpayer behaviors) explain 78% of the variance in tax fraud management. The study concluded that the working together of taxpayers’ perceptions of both low institutional quality and taxpayers’ behaviors has a significant influence on the tendency for taxpayers to engage in tax fraud management in south-west Nigeria. It was recommended that the better the morale of a taxpayer, the lower the tax fraud. Therefore, the government is advised to adopt policies and measures that can boost the taxpayers’ morality, which will in turn enable them to see tax fraud as a negative to their principled value system as law-abiding citizens. It is also recommended that tax authorities should be seen as taxpayers' friends by making their interactions with taxpayers less bureaucratic.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0261/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Law abidance leadership education for university students in Hong Kong: Post-lecture evaluation.

Law abidance is very important for effective leaders. Without law abidance, abuse of power and corruption would easily happen, which would eventually erode organizational health. To promote law abidance leadership in university students in Hong Kong, we developed a law abidance leadership program with 3 h of face-to-face lecture and 7 h of self-study of materials disturbed to students. To understand students' perception of the 3-h lecture, we conducted a post-lecture evaluation study using a 26-item measure (N = 914). Results showed that the scale possessed good reliability and validity. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the assessment tool has three internally consistent and factorial invariant dimensions: program attributes, appreciation of law abidance, and teacher attributes. Regarding students' perception of the program, students were generally satisfied with the lecture attributes, including design, content, lecture atmosphere, teaching quality, and benefits to students. In particular, students agreed that the lecture helped them understand the importance and value of law abidance and national security; over 95% of the students indicated that they would try their best to serve as law-abiding citizens and socially responsible leaders. Multiple regression analyses showed that program attributes, appreciation of law abidance, and teacher attributes predicted overall satisfaction with the lecture. Qualitative comments of the student echoed the quantitative findings, with most of the comments being positive in nature. The present study replicated the findings reported previously. Local and international contextual factors relevant to the interpretations of the findings are highlighted.

The Outsider, Art, and Humour

The Outsider, Art, and Humour

Feature engineering to detect fraud using healthcare claims data

Insurance fraud is ranked second in the list of expensive crimes in the United States, with healthcare fraud being the second highest amongst all insurance fraud. Contrary to the popular belief, insurance fraud is not a victimless crime. The cost of crime is passed onto law-abiding citizens in the form of increased premiums or serious harm or danger to beneficiaries. To combat this kind of societal threat, there is an intense need for healthcare fraud detection systems to evolve. Some common roadblocks in implementing digital advancements (as seen in other domains) to healthcare are the complexity, heterogeneity of the data systems, and varied health program models across the United States. In other words, data are not stored in a centralized manner due to the sensitive domain nature, thus making it difficult to implement a robust real-world fraud-detection system. At the same time, in addition to the complexity of the varied systems involved, there is also the need to meet certain standards before a fraud actor can be prosecuted in a litigation setting. Thus, there is a human aspect to the fraud detection process flow in the real-world.In this article, a novel framework was outlined that converts diverse prescription claims (both fee-for-service and managed care) into a set of input variables/features suitable for implementation of an advanced statistical modeling fraud framework. This article thus aims to contribute to the existing literature by describing a process to transform prescription claims data to secondary features specific to provider fraud detection. The core idea was to focus on three main aspects of fraud (business heuristics on claims, provider-to-prescriber relations, and provider’s client populations) to design the input features. A systematic method was proposed to extract features that have the potential to detect billing or behavioral outliers among pharmacy providers using information extracted from a secondary database (outpatient prescriptions). The application of a commonly used dimensionality reduction method, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), was evaluated. PCA evaluates and reduces the extensive feature subspace to only those that captures the most variance in the data. To evaluate the features extracted from this framework, the application of the engineered features and the principal components to out-of-the-box logistic regression and Random Forest algorithms were considered to identify potential fraud. The engineered features when tested in different experimental settings with a logistic regression model had the highest area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.76 and a weighted F score of 0.85 while a random forest model had the highest area under curve of 0.74 and a weighted F score of 0.88.

Duterte's “War on Drugs” Rhetoric

Duterte's “War on Drugs” Rhetoric

Crime and social environments: differences between misdemeanors and felonies

Owing to the growing population density of urban areas, many people are being increasingly exposed to criminal activity. Increasing crime rates raise the risk of both physical and psychological injury to law-abiding citizens, creating anxiety. From the viewpoint of complex systems, crime prevention through data science can be a solution to such issues. However, previous studies have focused only on a single aspect of crime, ignoring the complex interplay between the various characteristics, which must be considered in an analysis to understand the dynamics underlying criminal activities. In this study, we examined 12 features that have been identified as correlates of crime rates using state-level statistics from the USA. We found that the correlates of misdemeanors and felonies differ. The number of misdemeanors is strongly associated with the police precinct, whereas felony rates are strongly correlated with gun possession and happiness. Our findings suggest that the countermeasures for misdemeanors should be treated differently from those for felonies.

Perceived Role of Institutional Support in Developing Civic Sense Among University Students

The purpose of this qualitative research work was to investigate the impact of institutional support in cultivating civic awareness among university students. Twenty students from the University of Okara were selected and interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were analyzed through thematic analysis to reach the findings of the research. Results showed that university students are somehow lacking civic education or training by the institution. It is all due to the minimal provision of awareness to students about the civic sense and makes them understand their role as productive members of a society, which is provided by the family, instructors, and institutes. In light of the findings of this study, this study suggested that there is a dire need for awareness about civic sense and social morals among university students, along with setting up incentives to make students law-abiding citizens.

The civic crime of corruption: Citizen networks and public sector bribery in the non-democracies

In the Global North, corruption is considered incompatible with civic health: scholars argue that it decreases social trust, atomizes communities, and discourages active citizenship. Using the first-ever national dataset from Russia with behavioral measures of corruption, ego-centric networks, and political participation, this article develops an alternative theory of corruption’s impact on civic life in societies where freedoms of association are limited. Analyses of these new data suggest that: (1) Russian bribe-givers are embedded in outward-oriented and mobilizable personal networks, supportive of civic connectivity; and (2) Russian bribe-givers are significantly more likely than law-abiding citizens to mobilize others when pushing back against the state. Counterintuitively, then, in non-democracies, corruption in the public sector sustains the kind of social networks that underlie civic culture.

Keterampilan Berkewarganegaraan (Civic Skills) Santri pada Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Nurul Jannah Banjarmasin

The purpose of this study is to describe the understanding of Nurul Jannah Banjarmasin Islamic Boarding School students about Civic Skills in the social field and describe the understanding of Nurul Jannah Islamic Boarding School students in Civic Skills in the laws. This study used qualitative. To obtain the samples, this study used purposive sampling technique. The use of purposive sampling technique in this study aimed to be able to find out how civic skills in the social and legal fields at the Salafiyah Nurul Jannah Islamic Boarding School in Banjarmasin. The results of this study indicated that the most prominent attitude of them is their politeness and manners and their morals are the main key to being educated by the ustadz/ustadzah there. In addition, the application of the law has been carried out and obeyed by the students. They knew the sanctions that are applied there. So, from there they learn to become law-abiding citizens both within the boarding school and outside the boarding school.Keywords: Civic skills, islamic boarding school, student

Coronavirus vocabulary as a means of reflecting knowledge about a person

The article examines the knowledge about a person that is represented by language units created during the coronavirus pandemic. These language units are formed using such methods as word-composition, affixation, substantiation, and blending and make up three lexical categories “coronavirus patients”, “law-abiding citizens who comply with antiepidemiological rules” and “violators of antiepidemiological rules”. The characteristics of the concepts represented by the language units of these three categories are described, it is shown that the concepts transmitted by the language units of the categories "law-abiding citizens who observe anti-epidemiological rules" and "violators of anti-epidemiological rules" can be considered as oppositional. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the components used in word-composition and affixes, with the help of which derived units are created.

Rethinking the Role of Family in Combating Juvenile Delinquency in Nigeria

Abstract: Many families have failed in performing their major role of protection, provision for their members, socializing their members and ensuring they conform to the socially acceptable patterns of behaviour in society, thereby increasing the rate of adolescent delinquencies in society. The literature emphasizes that the home front is the root cause of juvenile delinquency. In this context, this paper examines the role of the family in adolescent anti-social behaviour and maintains that the family sustains the corrective ability to combat juvenile delinquency. The paper found that divorce, improper use of the internet by juveniles, dysfunctionality in the home, single parenthood, substance abuse, weak parenting, poverty, and constructed realities by the media, amongst others, were examined as the cause of these behaviours. The paper explains the challenges many homes face in raising lawabiding citizens and the aftermath effect of these challenges. However, this could be tackled by developing a child’s security, values and skills. Consequentially, the paper recommends families placing more emphasis on meeting the psychological need of the adolescent, family bonding, and cohesion as well as adequate provision for every child by parents and guardians to curb this menace. Keywords: Keywords: Juvenile Delinquency: Family Roles: Divorce: Broken Homes: Peer Influence.