Laurus Nobilis Research Articles

The protective combined effect of chitosan and essential oil coatings on cheese and cured meat against the oviposition of Piophila casei

This study investigated the effect of chitosan (CHT) incorporated with essential oils (EOs) from three plants: Laurus nobilis L. (bay leaf), Piper nigrum L. (black pepper), and Cinnamomum verum J. Presl (cinnamon) on fresh foods. A panel of expert sensory analysts selected the best EO olfactory profile to be used with cheese and cured meat. The components of EOs were studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Bay leaf EO was mainly rich in 1,8-cineole (28.1%), while black pepper was mainly characterized by β-caryophyllene (45.7%) and cinnamon was dominated by (E)-cinnamaldehyde (85.5%). The food samples were divided into four groups and subjected to the following treatments: control, chitosan (CHT), EO, and CHT + EO at different concentrations to determine their influence on the oviposition behavior of Piophila casei over time. Under those conditions, the best concentration of EO to be used to control the P. casei oviposition was assessed. The samples coated with CHT + EOs showed the highest efficacy in controlling the oviposition behavior of P. casei as the treatment was able to decrease the oviposition percentage from 40 to 80% (control) to 5–10%. The EOs of bay leaf (1%) and black pepper (0.5%) were pinpointed as the best choices because they totally controlled the oviposition. Besides, the panelists accepted their sensory profile, overall pleasantness, and hedonic index with the highest scores. Therefore, the use of a CHT mixed with EOs was the most effective solution to repel P. casei without negatively affecting the organoleptic qualities of the treated foods.

Effects of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) oil and laurel (Laurus nobilis) seed oil on full-thickness excisional skin wound healing in rats

The aim was to investigate the effects of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) oil and laurel (Laurus nobilis) seed oil in a full-thickness excisional skin wound model in rats. In the study, 18 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=6) as control (CO) group, common centaury oil (CCO) group, and laurel seed oil (LSO) group. Under general anesthesia, a full-thickness excisional wound (2.25 cm²) was created on the caudal of the interscapular region on the back of the rats. Treatments were applied topically once a day in all groups. Wound area measurements revealed that the use of CCO accelerated wound healing, while the use of LSO has disturbed. In the histopathological results, blood vessel formation, fiber synthesis, granulation and mononuclear cells in the wounds were higher in the CCO group than the other groups, and higher in the LSO group than the CO group. Biochemical results revealed differences between groups in TP, GLU and UREA values (p < 0.05). As a result of this study, it was determined that the topical use of common centaury oil accelerated wound healing, while laurel seed oil adversely affected wound healing in the experimental excisional full-thickness skin wound model in rats.

Green Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles from Laurus nobilis L. Extract for Enhanced Gelatin-Based Films and CEF@SnO2 for Efficient Antibacterial Activity

Green Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles from Laurus nobilis L. Extract for Enhanced Gelatin-Based Films and CEF@SnO2 for Efficient Antibacterial Activity

Neuroprotective and anti-amnesic effects of Laurus Nobilis essential oil against scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice brain

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLaurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae family) has been widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine for the treatment of different health problems such as rheumatism and some neurological disorders. AimIn this study, the essential oil obtained from Laurus nobilis L. species from Tunisia (LEO) was studied for its chemical composition and anti-amnesic activities on memory impairment caused by scopolamine injection in mice. The major compounds of LEO oil, 1,8-cineole and, α-terpinyl acetate were docked with AChE (Acetylcholinesterase), using Autodock Vina and Discovery Studio visualizer software. Materials and methodsThe Morris water maze (MWM) tests and the Y maze were used to assess the anti-amnesic effects of LEO in mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairments. In brain tissues, the levels of biomarkers, enzyme activity, and protein expression related to the cholinergic system were measured. ResultsChronic administration of scopolamine led to a significant decline in cognitive performance in both the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y maze tests, accompanied by pronounced oxidative damage and a significant increase in acetylcholinesterase activity compared to the other groups. However, compared to the scopolamine group, treatment with LEO (100 mg/kg) significantly enhanced cognitive function and ameliorated the oxidative damage (p < 0.05 versus scopolamine) ConclusionThis study demonstrates the beneficial effect of LEO on scopolamine-induced dementia in mice, potentially achieved through the modulation of cholinergic activity and antioxidant properties. The docking analysis of the major compounds, 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate, further substantiates their potential as memory enhancers.

Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Laurus nobilis leaf extract and investigation of antiproliferative and antibacterial activity potential

Nanotechnology has recently emerged as an essential field of study in modern materials science. The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is of great interest because it is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and suitable for large-scale production. The study highlights the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Laurus nobilis (L. nobilis) leaf extract and their characterization and biological activities for potential applications in the biomedical field. ZnO NPs were synthesized using Laurus nobilis leaf extract. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, and FT-IR. According to TEM and XRD diffraction analysis, with a mean particle size of 16 ± 5 nm, it was found that the synthesized ZnO NPs contain a hexagonal wurtzite structure. ZnO NPs have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The antiproliferative activity of ZnO NPs was tested against the human colon cancer cell line and mouse normal fibroblast cell line using MTT assay in vitro. The results show that the prepared nanoparticles had antiproliferative in screened incubation time and concentrations.

Investigation of In vitro and In vivo Pursuits of Laurus nobilis Extract on Acetic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Wistar Rats

Investigation of In vitro and In vivo Pursuits of Laurus nobilis Extract on Acetic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Wistar Rats

Antioxidant and diuretic effects of flower extract of Laurus nobilis

Diuretic medications are widely used and can come with negative effects. Because they are effective and have fewer adverse effects than other treatments for renal illness, medicinal plants have become increasingly important. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant ability and the impact of Laurus nobilis extract (flower) on diuresis in rats. Two doses of 200 mg and 400 mg of Laurus nobilis extract were used to treat rats for thirty days. Then, we assessed all changes induced in urine and plasma parameters of rats, using furosemide as a standard drug. Further, we evaluated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant ability (DPPH and FRAP) of the tested extract. The results obtained show that the administration of a single dose of Laurus nobilis extract improved the urine flow significantly after 4 h of treatment. Similarly, both doses of the tested extract enhanced sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion without inducing hypokalemia. A similar tendency was recorded for both urine and creatinine, while the results of the furosemide group revealed a significant hypokalemia effect of the standard drug. Laurus nobilis demonstrated superior antioxidant and diuretic effects without inducing hypokalemia due to the higher content of phenolic and flavonoid content. However, more advanced studies are required to explore the constituents of Laurus nobilis extracts and essential oils, as well as to test their pertinent biological activities.

Efficiency of Recovery of the Bioactive Principles of Plants by Comparison between Solid-Liquid Extraction in Mixture and Single-Vegetable Matrices via Maceration and RSLDE.

The term "officinal" derives from the Latin and includes all medicinal, aromatic and perfume plant species, which have long been a subject of interest for multiple purposes: health, food, pharmacological, cosmetic and so on. In this work, a study on six different species of medicinal plants, particularly characterized by digestive, choleretic and diuretic properties, was carried out: rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), laurel (Laurus nobilis), gentian (Gentiana lutea), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and rhubarb (Rheum palmatum). The roots and aerial parts of plants were separately extracted with two different techniques-maceration and rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction (RSLDE)-and the quali/quantitative analysis of active ingredients have been determined by applying dry residue, Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH assays. Data obtained have provided useful answers regarding the efficiency of the extraction carried out on a mixture or on single plants, allowing us to evaluate the best choice according to the cases and the final uses.

GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of herbal extracts and acylated flavonol monoglycosides isolated from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L.

This study was to compare GABase [a mixture of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) aminotransferase and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase] and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 20 herbal extracts and investigate the isolation, structural elucidation and those inhibitory activities of three acylated flavonol monoglycosides from the selected extract of Laurus nobilis L. (laurel). On the basis of the NMR spectroscopic data and the ESI MS spectra together with the comparison with the literature values, three compounds were identified as kaempferol-3-O-(4″-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(3″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2) and kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), respectively. The IC50 values of GABase inhibitory activity of 1-3 and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HBA) as control were 0.24 mM, 0.14 mM, 0.12 mM and 0.43 mM, respectively. Additionally, the IC50 values of glutaminase inhibitory activity of 1-3 and 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) as control were 0.34 mM, 0.13 mM, 0.14 mM and 0.33 mM, respectively. The results suggest that the extract from laurel shows the strongest biological activities among 20 herbal extracts and three acylated flavonol monoglycosides may serve as potential lead compounds for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and lifestyle-related diseases by targeting GABase and glutaminase. This is the first report on GABase and glutaminase inhibitory activities of 1-3.

Investigation of potential contribution of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) production to rural economy and profile, problems and expectations of laurel producer (Case of Bursa province)

Ülkemizin önemli tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerinden olan defne (Laurus nobilis L.), yerel ve ulusal ekonomik değeri yüksek odun dışı orman ürünüdür. Defnenin ihracatta önemli paya sahip olması, kırsal fakirliğin azaltılması ve ekonomik gelişmenin arttırılmasında değerlendirilebilecek bir araç haline gelmesi sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bu çalışmada defne üretiminin yoğun olarak gerçekleştiği Bursa ilinde defne bitkisinin kırsal ekonomiye katkısının ve üretici profilinin araştırılması, defne üretim sürecindeki sorunların belirlenmesi ve orman köylülerinin beklentilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Defneden hanelerin sağladığı gelirleri etkileyen değişkenleri belirlemek amacıyla korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Hanelerin defne bitkisinden sağladıkları gelirleri, bu gelirleri etkileyen faktörler aracılığı ile kestirmek amacıyla regresyon analizlerinden stepwise yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Defneden sağlanan gelirlerin satıldığı aracıya göre ve köylünün üretiminde rol aldığı aşamaya göre anlamlı fark olup olmadığının ve satış fiyatının aracılara göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığının test edilmesi amacıyla tek yönlü varyans analizi uygulanmıştır. Rastgele seçilen 82 orman hanesine uygulanan yüz yüze anket çalışması sonucunda defne üretimiyle ilgilenen orman köylülerinin eğitim seviyesinin düşük, ortalama asgari ücret civarında hane geliri bulunduğu ve hane gelirlerinin yaklaşık %31’ini defneden sağladığı kazancın oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Defnenin 2021 yılında Bursa ilinde, defne ile ilgilenen hanelere yıllık ortalama 10680 Türk Lirası (TL) (1205 $) katkısının olduğu ve orman köylüsüne toplam 6,1 milyon TL (688488 $) ekonomik katkı sağladığı anlaşılmıştır.

Laurus nobilis essential oil nanoemulsion-infused chitosan: A safe and effective antifungal agent for masticatory preservation

The present study reports the first time investigation on encapsulation of Laurus nobilis essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (CS-Ne-LNEO) and assessment of its efficacy to inhibit fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in stored masticatories food system. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed m-Eugenol (46.23%) and D-Limonene (8.89%) as the most abundant components of LNEO. The CS-Ne-LNEO was physico-chemically characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) analyses. The CS-Ne-LNEO exhibited broad range of antifungal activity against food contaminating fungi including inhibition of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-PE-4) and AFB1 production at lower concentrations as compared to unencapsulated LNEO. The CS-Ne-LNEO caused impairment in ergosterol biosynthesis and enhancement in leakage of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ ions and 260, 280 nm absorbing materials along with inhibition of methylglyoxal production suggesting the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action. The DPPH antioxidant activity of CS-Ne-LNEO was noted with IC50 value of 0.004 µL/mL. In addition, the CS-Ne-LNEO caused complete protection of stored Phyllanthus emblica (model masticatories) fruit samples against fungal and AFB1 contamination without altering their sensory characteristics and exhibited high LD50 value (13,504 µL/Kg body weight) mammalian system. Overall, these results indicated that LNEO loaded chitosan nanoemulsion could be promoted as an eco-friendly preservative for complete protection of stored plant masticatories against fungal and AFB1 contamination.

Dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets with bay laurel (Laurus nobilis): alleviation of oxidative stress and amelioration of immune response, serum biochemistry, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila.

Herbal plants can enhance immunity and alleviate oxidative stress in fish. Therefore, the present work was performed to evaluate the effects of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) on growth, immunity, antioxidant activities, disease resistance, and hematology in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 225 Nile tilapia fingerlings (average weight 15.36 ± 0.04g) were divided into five treatment groups and fed with bay laurel at 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25g/kg diet for 90days. A completely randomized design with three replications was applied. The significantly (p < 0.05) improved weight growth (WG), food conversion ratio (FCR), average daily growth (ADG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and survival rate were observed in fish fed with bay laurel-supplemented diet at the rate of 15g/kg. Significantly improved red blood cells (RBCs) count, white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and significantly declined alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were found in the same diet-fed group. The immune response parameters such as nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, and albumin-globulin ratio were found significantly improved at 15g/kg bay laurel supplemented diet. The improved antioxidant response (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant activity) was also observed in the same diet-fed group. Relative percent survival after the fish challenged against Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly (p < 0.05) different. Overall, bay laurel supplementation at a 15g/kg diet improved the nutritional physiology and immunity and, therefore, could be a potential growth-promoting feed additive for aquaculture development.

The effects of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaf powder supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, meat lipid oxidation and some blood parameters of broiler chicks

The purpose of this study was conducted to evaluated the effects of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves powder (LLP) on performance, thigh and breast meat lipid oxidation and chemical composition, body components, digestive tract parts and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 144 d-old mix-sexed chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to four experimental groups with three replicates of 12 chicks (6 ♀and 6 ♂) each. Treatments were as follows: (i) basal diet-no additive (control), (ii) basal diet+1000 mg/kg LLP, (iii) basal diet+5000 mg/kg LLP and (iv) basal diet+10000 mg/kg LLP. The results revealed that over entire the experimental period body weight and body weight gain increased by LLP supplementation (P&lt;0.01). Feed intake of birds enhanced (P&lt;0.05) whilst feed conversion ratio and chemical composition thigh meat were not significant affected by LLP concentration (P&gt;0.05). Liver improved with 10000 mg/kg LLP (P&lt;0.001) and the weight of ileum + jejunum improved with 5000 and 10000 mg/kg LLP (P&lt;0.01). Breast dry matter (P&lt;0.05), glucose (P&lt;0.05) and with LLP treatment, the TBARS values of breast and thigh meat decreased (P&lt;0.001). As a result, LLP supplementation in broiler diets can be advised because it lowers lipid oxidation in the meat.

Anti-Helicobacter pylori, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Anti-Alzheimer's Activities of Laurel Leaf Extract Treated by Moist Heat and Molecular Docking of Its Flavonoid Constituent, Naringenin, against Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase.

It is worth noting that laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) contains several pharmacologically and nutritionally active compounds that may differ according to the pretreatment process. The current study is designed to clarify the effect of moist heat on the phenolic and flavonoid constituents and anti-Helicobacter pylori, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-Alzheimer's activities of laurel leaf extract (LLE). Unmoist-heated (UMH) and moist-heated (MH) LLEs showed the presence of numerous flavonoid and phenolic constituents, although at different levels of concentration. MH significantly induced (p < 0.05) the occurrence of most compounds at high concentrations of 5655.89 µg/mL, 3967.65 µg/mL, 224.80 µg/mL, 887.83 µg/mL, 2979.14 µg/mL, 203.02 µg/mL, 284.65 µg/mL, 1893.66 µg/mL, and 187.88 µg/mL, unlike the detection at low concentrations of 3461.19 µg/mL, 196.96 µg/mL, 664.12 µg/mL, 2835.09 µg/mL, 153.26 µg/mL, 254.43 µg/mL, 1605.00 µg/mL, 4486.02 µg/mL, and 195.60 µg/mL using UMH, for naringenin, methyl gallate, caffeic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, coumaric acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, and hesperetin, respectively. Chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, and daidzein were detected in the UMH LLE but not in the MH LLE, unlike pyrocatechol. The anti-H. pylori activity of the UMH LLE was lower (23.67 ± 0.58 mm of inhibition zone) than that of the MH LLE (26.00 ± 0.0 mm of inhibition zone). Moreover, the values of MIC and MBC associated with the MH LLE were very low compared to those of the UMH LLE. Via MBC/MIC index calculation, the UMH and MH LLEs showed cidal activity. The MH LLE exhibited higher anti-biofilm activity (93.73%) compared to the anti-biofilm activity (87.75%) of the MH LLE against H. pylori. The urease inhibition percentage was more affected in the UMH LLE compared to the MH LLE, with significant (p < 0.05) IC50 values of 34.17 µg/mL and 91.11 µg/mL, respectively. Promising antioxidant activity was documented with a very low value of IC50 (3.45 µg/mL) for the MH LLE compared to the IC50 value of 4.69 µg/mL for the UMH LLE and the IC50 value of 4.43 µg/mL for ascorbic acid. The MH LLE showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) inhibition of α-glucosidase and butyrylcholinesterase activities, with IC50 values of 9.9 µg/mL and 17.3 µg/mL, respectively, compared to those of the UMH LLE at 18.36 µg/mL and 28.92 µg/mL. The molecular docking of naringenin showed good docking scores against acetylcholinesterase 1E66 and butyrylcholinesterase 6EMI, indicating that naringenin is an intriguing candidate for additional research as a possible medication for Alzheimer's disease.

Effect of xylanase addition and ultrasonic pretreatment on the yield and volatile profile of bay laurel and sage essential oil

In order to increase the yield of essential oils in hydrodistillation of bay laurel and sage, the effect of pretreatment with ultrasound and enzymes (under different conditions of xylanase pretreatment) was studied. The effects of the optimized conditions (concentration of xylanase 0.20 mg/mL in buffer pH=6.5 at 40°C for 4 h) during the enzymatic pretreatment showed that despite the optimization the activity of xylanase did not significantly affect the quantity and quality of essential oils of bay laurel and sage. Ultrasonic pretreatment prior to enzymatic pretreatment with the addition of optimized xylanase resulted in increased yields of dominant compounds (α-thujone 27.42%, β-thujone 12.15%, and camphor 20.94%) in sage essential oil, while in bay laurel the amount of dominant compounds (1,8-cineole 24.65% and α-terpenyl acetate 11.05%) was not significantly increased. Despite minor changes, ultrasonic and enzymatic pretreatment of the plant materials did not significantly affect the chemical composition of the essential oils of bay laurel and sage compared with the control without pretreatment, as confirmed by the Spearman rank test (p < 0.05). The main advantage of ultrasonic extraction is the reduction in pretreatment time. Ultrasonic pretreatment for only 10 min before enzymatic pretreatment resulted in a 50% increase in sage essential oil yield and a 40% increase in bay laurel essential oil yield.

Control of Listeria monocytogenes in a fresh cheese using aromatic and medicinal plants and enterocin: a comparative study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of essential oils (EOs) or crude extracts (CEs) of eight aromatic and medicinal plants (AMPs) and its association with enterocin OS1 on Listeria monocytogenes and food spoilage bacteria in Moroccan fresh cheese. The cheese batches were treated with EO of Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Syzygium aromaticum, Laurus nobilis, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globulus, or CE of Crocus sativus and Carthamus tinctorius, and/or enterocin OS1, and stored for 15 days at 8°C. The data were subjected to correlations analysis, variance analysis, and principal components analysis. Results clearly showed a positive correlation between L. monocytogenes reduction and storage time. Moreover, reduction on Listeria counts induced by Allium-EO and Eucalyptus-EO reached 2.68 and 1.93 Log CFU/g with respect to untreated samples after 15 days, respectively. Similarly, enterocin OS1 alone has significantly reduced the L. monocytogenes population with 1.46 Log CFU/g. The most promising result was the synergy observed between many AMPs and enterocin. Indeed, treatments with Eucalyptus-EO+OS1 and Crocus-CE+OS1 decreased the Listeria population to undetectable after only 2 days and throughout the storage period. These findings suggest a promising application/use of this natural combination, which preserves the safety and long-lasting conservation of fresh cheese.

Antibacterial Efficacy and Molecular Docking of Leaf Extract of Laurus nobilis L Against some Isolated Pathogenic UTI Bacteria

The objective of the current study was to analyze the chemical compositions and antibacterial properties of Laurus nobilis. The bacterial strain was isolated from urine sample of female patients have urinary tract infection in Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital. Two solvents (hot and cold aqueous and ethanol) were used to extract the dried leaves of L. nobilis. While there were differences in the inhibition zones that solvent extracts demonstrated against bacterial pathogens, all of them significantly inhibited pathogens. The diameters of the inhibition zones on Staphylococcus aureus where the alcoholic extract was in the range of 17-29 mm, 22-28 mm for hot water and 12-14 mm for cold aqueous extract. The diameters of the inhibition zones on Klebsiella pneumoniae for alcoholic extract were 18-20 mm, 19-21.5 mm for hot aqueous extract and 12-17 mm for cold water extract. The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of different phytochemical compounds in the extract of Laurus nobilis. A total of 60 compounds were identified, for ethanolic extract, tris (2-methylenecyclopropyl)methanol, (3aS,6aR,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethylenedecahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one and (3aS,6aR,9aR,9bS)-6-methyl-3,9-dimethylene-3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one were the major compounds with percentage values 9.64%, 8.86% and 7.43%, respectively. For hot water extract, the major three compounds were 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde 11.64%, 2-methyl-5-nitro-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-amine 8.39% and tris(2-methylenecyclopropyl)methanol 6.81%. Whereas, for cold water extract, the major compounds were n-Hexadecanoic acid 26.05%, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 22.94% and Octadecanoic acid 8.25%. Molecular docking showed that these nine major compounds had an excellent binding affinity -4.25 to -8.56 kcal/mol against S. aureus using protein 1JIJ. The binding affinity of these compounds against K. pneumoniae (protein 6PIB) were in the range - 4.03 to -8.22 kcal/mol.

Evaluation of the Antibiofilm Activity of Laurus nobilis Leaves Extract and Assessment of Its Effect on fimA and papC genes in Escherichia coli isolates

Evaluation of the Antibiofilm Activity of Laurus nobilis Leaves Extract and Assessment of Its Effect on fimA and papC genes in Escherichia coli isolates

Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Low-Cost Adsorbents in Dye Wastewater Treatment: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study

In recent years, the treatment of dye wastewater has attracted more attention because of its harmful impact on the environment. Therefore, dye wastewater should be treated using effective treatment methods, such as adsorption, which is widely employed to remediate many dyes from wastewater. This work studied the use of Laurus Nobilis Leaves (LNL) and sawdust (SD) as low-cost natural adsorbents to remediate reactive blue (RB) dye from synthetic wastewater under the influence of their dosages (0.5-5.5 g) for each, pH (3-9), and contact time (10-190 min). The experimental design, analysis of results, and optimization were conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken method (BBM) and the Minitab-Statistical program. The BET and FT-IR tests have been used to characterize these adsorbents, which show that SD-adsorbent includes more pore volume and surface area than LNL-adsorbent. The adsorption isotherms study revealed that Langmuir isotherm was a more fitted model than Freundlich model. Adsorption kinetic shows that the current adsorption process obeys the pseudo-second order model (R2=0.998) compared to the pseudo-first order model (R2=0.973) and the intraparticle diffusion model (R2=0.915). Thermodynamics study revealed that the present adsorption is endothermic, random irregularity at the solid-liquid, and a spontaneous nature. More than 60% of RB-dye removal efficiency was achieved at the optimal conditions, which were 5.5 g of SD-adsorbent, 0.8 g of LNL-adsorbent, pH 3, and 141 min of the contact time. The core results proved that the interaction effect of using multi-natural adsorbents was significant and cost-effective, providing considerable removal of dye from wastewater.

Effect of salinity on germination capacity of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.)

In Tunisia, more precisely in semi-arid and arid areas, drought accentuated by the superficial evaporation of water leads to a gradual increase in salinity, which is a limiting factor in crop production. In these highly salty ecosystems, some plants grow naturally; however, various species show different levels of tolerance to salinity during their development. The germination of the seeds is the most sensitive stage to this abiotic stress. The effect of this severe stress is little known among Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), which is a native species of natural vegetation of the Mediterranean region, well known for its medicinal, aromatic, forestry, ornamental and culinary properties, and rare in its natural habitat, often subject to overexploitation or threatened with risk of extinction in Tunisia. The objective of this work is to study the effects of different concentrations of NaCl of irrigation water on germination behavior of laurus nobilis L. The experiment was carried out in Tunis, the experimental design was entirely randomized with four treatments: 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl and five replications of 80 seeds, for each treatments. Salt stress caused a negative effect on the germination of laurel seeds especially for the highest concentrations of salt (150 mM NaCl).