WOUND up a season of following the harvest as a hand with a several months' stay in Eastern Idaho last fall. The social customs of the Mormons there are worth the study of folklorists, especially the dances, which may be said to concern the individual from the cradle to the grave. The training in dancing, which is under the supervision of the church, begins in babyhood, and a benefit dance at the Church House is sometimes an accompaniment of the funeral ceremonies if the deceased and his family are poor. Some of the terms of this region which seemed to me peculiar I am listing here, as copied from the little notebook in which I kept my time, or record of work. Mormons sometimes call their numerous dances hoe-downs, a term doubtless brought from the South. The Green and Gold ball is an annual dance held in every ward, which it is customary for Mormons to attend. July 24, the anniversary of the Mormon settlement at Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1847, is a universal Mormon holiday. The ward house or church house is the building used by the Mormons for religious services and as a social center. The ward is the community, a unit of social organization. The bishop is the leader of the ward, who collects the tithes. Church is a rating which a member may have in the Mormon or Latter-day Saint Church. If it is said of a member that he has lost his church it means that he has done something contrary to the rules of the Church. In order to be reinstated he must repent his apostasy and possibly go on a mission. Sealed is the Mormon term for married, sometimes to a mate in the spirit world. Non-Mormon is the only term applied to those who are not members of the Mormon Church which is not derogatory. Gentile, the term used since the Mormons came to the country in the late 'forties, is now resented by those to whom it is applied. Geographically this region shows much evidence of volcanic eruption. The black lavas (Columbia River lava or basalt) are barren in some parts, in others there is a growth of stunted and twisted red cedars, highly valued in this desert land, for posts and fuel. It is snaked or skinned into camp or settlement, piled high on the wagons, 119