Latinx Groups Research Articles

Implications of culture of honor theory and research for practitioners and prevention researchers.

Since the seminal publication of Nisbett and Cohen in 1996 linking the higher rates of violence in the Southern United States compared with the Northern United States to a "culture of honor," researchers have paid increasing attention to conceptualizing honor and identifying its underlying psychological mechanisms and its behavioral outcomes. The concern for reputation and other values embedded in culture of honor act as potential sociocultural risk factors for several major social problems in the United States. The aim of this article is to review the recent research on culture of honor and to discuss its societal implications by focusing on 3 pressing social problems: intimate partner aggression, school violence, and reluctance to seek mental health care. Relative to Whites in northern states, White populations in the southern and western states (considered to have cultures of honor) have higher levels of intimate partner violence, more school shootings, and are less likely to seek mental health care. We also briefly review the incidence of these issues among American Latinx groups, another culture of honor. We suggest ways that the scientific findings on culture of honor can enhance prevention and intervention efforts in education, health, and mental health care settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Racialization and Psychological Distress among U.S. Latinxs.

This study investigated the relationship between race and psychological distress among Latinxs in the United States. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2010-2018, we estimated the relative risk ratios (RRR) of experiencing psychological distress among White, Black and Other Latinxs from Mexico, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico. Results revealed that Black Latinxs experienced higher levels of psychological distress than their White counterparts. Additional analysis among and within groups showed that Puerto Ricans and Dominicans reported higher psychological distress than Mexicans, and that race was associated with the distress of Cubans and Mexicans, but not with the distress of Puerto Ricans and Dominicans. Future work on the effect of racial self-identification on Latinxs' mental health-related outcomes, such as psychological distress, should include multidimensional measures of racial identity, such as self-reported and ascribed race, racial ideology, as well as measures of skin color and discrimination. Integrating racialization experiences during clinical assessments would help practitioners to gain a more comprehensive picture of how these identities and experiences may shape the stress, distress, and mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety) of different racial and ethnic Latinx groups in the U.S.

Perceived Stress and Nonverbal Intellectual Abilities Are Differentially Related to Academic Success in Latinx and European American Rural Elementary Students

This study examines the relationship between perceived stress, nonverbal cognitive functioning, and statewide academic scores in both Latinx and European American elementary students in rural school districts. A total of 44 third graders participated in the study, including 13 Latinx students and 31 European American (EA) students. Perceived stress was self-reported by the Perceived Stress Scale for Children (PSS-C). A nonverbal measure of cognitive ability (The Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Intelligence) was administered individually to each student, and statewide academic testing results were obtained for all participants. Latinx and EA children self-reported comparable rates of perceived stress. Both groups obtained similar nonverbal cognitive composite scores, but with distinct subtest differences. Both groups scored similarly on statewide standardized testing for math, although the EA group scored higher than the Latinx group on English. Binomial tests of differences between correlations revealed that relationships among perceived stress, nonverbal intelligence, and academic achievement differed significantly for the Latinx and EA students. Academic achievement for Latinx students is correlated with lower perceived stress and higher nonverbal cognitive ability, including overall ability and the matrices, coding, and spatial span subtests. For European American children, academic success is correlated with higher nonverbal scores on the matrices and picture arrangement subtests but is not related to perceived stress. Thus, ethnicity may differentially impact the relationship between perceived stress, nonverbal IQ, and academic achievement in rural elementary students, based in part on culturally relevant contextual factors.

Inequities in Employment by Race, Ethnicity, and Sector During COVID-19.

ObjectiveTo determine whether people of Color experienced disparate levels of employment loss in frontline versus non-frontline occupations during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey data was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. Percent change in number employed was tabulated quarterly for groups by race and ethnicity (Black or African American, Asian American, or Hispanic or Latinx compared to White or non-Hispanic or Latinx) and frontline occupation status between January 1 and June 30, 2020. Two-tailed two-sample tests of proportions were used to compare groups statistically.ResultsMore dramatic declines in number employed occurred in the Black or African American, Asian American, and Hispanic or Latinx groups. When stratified by sector, greater declines were noted in the Hispanic or Latinx and Asian American frontline, and Black or African American non-frontline groups when compared to the referent groups.ConclusionsStructural racism has further affected people of Color through differential employment loss during the onset of the pandemic, both overall and by sector. However, the effect of sector varies dramatically across racial and ethnic groups.Policy ImplicationsBecause employment is an important social determinant of health and a potential risk factor for contracting COVID-19, these trends may provide important context for the prioritization of PPE and immunizations, as well as the provision of stable health insurance and income support for vulnerable workers.

How Race Counts for Latinx Homeownership

In recent decades, the racial wealth gap has widened with extant literature reporting that Black and Latinx families hold fewer assets than white families. One such asset that receives substantial attention because of its wealth-generating principles is homeownership. Whereas intergroup homeownership inequalities are found throughout the literature, less is known about racialized inequality within groups. Latinxs provide a novel case for exploring how racialized homeownership inequality is structured within an ethnic group. Using data from the American Community Survey, we examine the odds of homeownership and predicted logged home values among Latinxs. We find that the association between race and housing outcomes varies substantially across Latinx groups. Drawing from theories of Latinx racial identity and the future of racial structures, we discuss the implications of our findings for understanding racial inequality among Latinx groups.

Latinx brain health disparities in cognitive aging: The role of acculturation on brain integrity and cognition among older HIV+ adults

AbstractBackgroundThe US Latinx population is the largest ethnoracial minority group and the fastest growing sector of the aging population (Escarce et al., 2006; US Census Bureau, 2008). Compared to non‐Latinx whites (NLW), the Latinx population bears a disproportionate dementia burden secondary to multiple etiologies (e.g., Alzheimer’s, HIV‐infection; Babulal et al., 2018; Rivera Mindt et al., 2014). Yet, little is understood regarding the sociocultural factors underlying these significant brain health disparities. This aim of cross‐sectional study was to investigate indices of brain integrity, cognition, and acculturation in older HIV+ Latinx and NLW adults.MethodParticipants included 75 older HIV+ adults (Age: M=60 yrs [SD=6.9]; Education: M=13.6 yrs [SD=3.1]; 47% Latinx [primarily Caribbean heritage] & 53% NLW; and 71% male) who completed multimodal neuroimaging (structural MRI and resting state fMRI [rs‐fMRI]), cognitive (seven domains; e.g., leaning, memory, executive function), neuromedical (HIV clinical indices [HIV viral load]), and sociocultural (e.g., acculturation [Abbreviated Multidimensional Acculturation Scale, AMAS]) evaluations. Global and domain‐specific Average T‐scores were computed on individual tests based on demographically‐adjusted norms.ResultCompared to the NLW group, the Latinx group had greater white matter lesion volumes ([mL], FLAIR; Cohen’s d=1.13, p<.01) and lower hippocampal and posterior cingulate intrinsic activity (rs‐fMRI fALFF values; d’s =.61 ‐ .67), and worse global cognition, learning, memory, and processing speed (ds=.53 ‐ .83, ps< .05), with the largest effects in learning and memory. Lower acculturation to US majority culture (i.e., AMAS US Total Score) was related to reduced intrinsic activity of the right hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex at the trend level (rs‐fMRI fALFF values; rs=.61 ‐ .63, ps<.10) and worse global cognition, learning, memory, and processing speed (rs = .39 ‐ .51, ps<.05).ConclusionThese findings highlight marked disparities in brain integrity and cognition in older HIV+ Latinx adults. Acculturation may be an important factor for understanding these disparities. Future longitudinal research is needed with HIV‐ controls, larger sample sizes, and the inclusion of other Latinx subpopulations (i.e., Mexican‐American, South American) to extend the current findings and inform culturally‐targeted interventions to promote Latinx brain health. Acknowledgements: The authors thank the Alzheimer’s Association for their support of this study (AARGD‐16‐446038).

Depressive Symptoms Differentially Predict Neurocognition in Latinx and Non-Hispanic White People Living with HIV.

Depression is common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and can contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction. Depressive symptoms in PLWH are often measured by assessing only cognitive/affective symptoms. Latinx adults, however, often express depressive symptoms in a somatic/functional manner, which is not typically captured in assessments of depression among PLWH. Given the disproportionate burden of HIV that Latinx adults face, examining whether variations in expressed depressive symptoms differentially predict neurocognitive outcomes between Latinx and non-Hispanic white PLWH is essential. This cross-sectional study included 140 PLWH (71% Latinx; 72% male; mean (M) age = 47.1 ± 8.5 years; M education = 12.6 ± 2.9 years) who completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Neurocognitive performance was measured using demographically adjusted T-scores. BDI-II domain scores were computed for the Fast-Screen (cognitive/affective items) score (BDI-FS) and non-FS score (BDI-NFS; somatic/functional items). Linear regressions revealed that the BDI-NFS significantly predicted global neurocognitive function and processing speed in the Latinx group (p < .05), such that higher physical/functional symptoms predicted worse performance. In the non-Hispanic white group, the cognitive/affective symptoms significantly predicted processing speed (p = .02), with more symptoms predicting better performance. Interaction terms of ethnicity and each BDI sub-score indicated that Latinx participants with higher cognitive/affective symptoms performed worse on executive functioning. Depressive symptoms differentially predict neurocognitive performance in Latinx and non-Hispanic white PLWH. These differences should be considered when conducting research and intervention among the increasingly culturally and ethnically diverse population of PLWH.

An examination of classes of school climate perceptions among Latinx middle school students

Several studies have replicated the finding that Latinx students tend to have less favorable perceptions of school climate than their White peers. However, because most research compares Latinx students to a White standard, little is known about variation within the Latinx group and thus the opportunity to produce strength-defining counter-narratives has been missed. Using latent class analysis, this study identified meaningful classes of school climate perceptions within 20,050 Grade 7 Latinx students in California. Five climate classes were identified, lending support to the hypothesis that substantial heterogeneity of school climate perceptions exists within the Latinx student population. The results support the utility of latent class modeling for examining school climate perceptions beyond traditional variable-centered approaches. Countering the prevailing deficit narrative, the results indicate that nearly half of all Latinx respondents reported generally positive perceptions of school climate. Conversely, supporting the need for environmental supports that encourage Latinx students to voice their concerns and make decisions regarding systems that affect them, over three-quarters of the responses suggested that Latinx students perceive meaningful participation at school negatively. The results suggest the possibility of a cascade effect in the development of the psychological experience of the school, such that some dimensions of school climate perceptions may be antecedents to others. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.

Greater mechanical temporal summation of pain in Latinx-Americans and the role of adverse life experiences.

Adverse life experiences disproportionately impact Latinx-Americans and are related to greater chronic pain rates. However, little is known about how adversities interact with central pain mechanisms for the development of later pain among Latinx-Americans. The current study examined the relationship between adverse life experiences (eg, trauma and ethnic discrimination) and correlates (eg, social status) with mechanical temporal summation of pain (a proxy measure of central sensitization) between pain-free U.S. native Latinx (n = 65) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) (n = 51) adults. Participants completed self-report adverse life experience and correlational measures regarding childhood and adulthood and a mechanical temporal summation protocol. Relative to NHWs, Latinx-Americans reported experiencing significantly greater trauma, discrimination, and lower social status during childhood and adulthood, along with greater temporal summation. Contrary to hypotheses, recent and lifetime experiences of ethnic discrimination significantly correlated with less temporal summation among Latinx-Americans. Decreases in objective and subjective social status across the lifespan (childhood to present day) correlated with greater temporal summation for Latinx-Americans. However, r-to-z transformation analyses confirmed that significant adversity and social status correlations observed among the Latinx group did not significantly differ from NHW participants. The present findings highlight the complex association between adverse experiences, adverse experience risk factors, and pain for Latinx-Americans. Given the disproportion of experienced pain and adversity among Latinx-Americans, the current findings suggest that a better understanding of the unique adversities for this sample may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between adversities, adversity correlates, and pain risk for Latinx-Americans.

Characteristics associated with marijuana use in Latinx college students

While marijuana use rates are significantly high within college students, less is known about use patterns and correlates in Latinx groups. This study assessed the relationships between ever use and frequency of use of marijuana, polysubstance use, expectancies, motives, and mental illness symptoms among Latinx college students (n = 345). Results indicated more frequent marijuana use was positively associated with: enjoyment, celebration, social anxiety, low risk, sleep and availability and was negatively associated with: experimentation, boredom, altered perception, and anxiety. Other dual use with tobacco expectancies were also observed. These constructs should be explored prospectively and inform prevention and intervention efforts.

Cumulative Lifetime Adversity and Depression among a National Sample of U.S. Latinx Immigrants: Within-group Differences in Risk and Protective Factors Using Data from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study.

Latinx immigrants are exposed to multiple stressors before, during, and after migration. However, most past research has assumed the effects of these stressors are uniform across Latinx groups despite considerable within-group variation. The purpose of this study was to (a) assess the moderating effects of several risk and protective factors on the association between cumulative lifetime adversity and depression among U.S. Latinx immigrants and (b) examine the extent to which risk and protective processes differed between Latinx subgroups. Data came from a cross-sectional secondary dataset, called the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. The sample (N = 2893) was identified using stratified random probability sampling in four of the largest Latinx metropolitan areas: the Bronx, NY, San Diego, CA, Chicago, IL, and Miami, FL. We included four Latinx subgroups in our study: Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Mexicans, and Dominicans. Results from multi-group regression analyses suggested that social support moderated the association between cumulative lifetime adversity and depression. However, further subgroup analyses showed the moderation effect was only present for Cuban and Dominican immigrants. We also found that perceived discrimination moderated the association between lifetime adversity and depression for Cuban immigrants and ethnic identity moderated the relationship between lifetime adversity and depression for Dominican immigrants. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the presence of within-group differences in responses to adverse events among Latinx immigrant groups. Results can be used to inform the development of mental health interventions tailored to the specific needs of various Latinx immigrant populations.

Disparities in Electronically Monitored Antiretroviral Adherence and Differential Adherence Predictors in Latinx and Non-Latinx White Persons Living with HIV.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence is vital for optimal HIV treatment. However, there is limited ART adherence research on the US Latinx population, who are at increased risk for HIV infection and worse HIV health outcomes. This study examined electronically measured ART adherence (Medication Event Monitoring System) and its association with demographic, clinical, neurocognitive, and sociocultural variables in Latinx and non-Latinx white (NLW) persons living with HIV [PLWH (N = 128)]. Latinx participants demonstrated worse adherence than NLW participants (p = 0.04). Linear regressions revealed different predictors of adherence. Among Latinx participants, recent cocaine use, stress, and, unexpectedly, higher US acculturation predicted worse adherence (ps < 0.05). Among NLW participants, recent cocaine use predicted worse adherence (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons within the Latinx group were not conducted due to subsample size. Thus, ethnicity, sociocultural variables, and cocaine use are important considerations for ART adherence, and poor ART adherence may be one pathway explaining worse outcomes in Latinx PLWH. Culturally tailored adherence interventions incorporating substance use treatment, acculturation, and stress management are warranted to improve health outcomes.

Examining the Impact of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Pandemic-Related Hardship on Adverse Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes: Design and Launch of the HOPE COVID-19 Study

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread and worsen in many parts of the world. As the pandemic grows, it is especially important to understand how the virus and the pandemic are affecting pregnant women and infants. While early data suggested that being infected with the virus did not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes, as more information has emerged, it has become clear that risks for some adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes are increased (e.g., preterm birth, cesarean section, respiratory distress, and hospitalization). The Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy for Everyone in the time of novel coronavirus disease-19 (HOPE COVID-19) study is a multi-year, prospective investigation designed to better understand how the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 impact adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. The study also examines how the pandemic exacerbates existing hardships such as social isolation, economic destabilization, job loss, housing instability, and/or family member sickness or death among minoritized and marginalized communities. Specifically, the study examines how pandemic-related hardships impact clinical outcomes and characterizes the experiences of Black, Latinx and low-income groups compared to those in other race/ethnicity and socioeconomic stratum. The study includes two nested cohorts. The survey only cohort will enroll 7500 women over a two-year period. The survey+testing cohort will enroll 2500 women over this same time period. Participants in both cohorts complete short surveys daily using a mobile phone application about COVID-19-related symptoms (e.g., fever and cough) and complete longer surveys once during each trimester and at 6–8 weeks and 6, 12 and 18 months after delivery that focus on the health and well-being of mothers and, after birth, of infants. Participants in the survey+testing cohort also have testing for SARS-CoV-2 and related antibodies during pregnancy and after birth as well as testing that looks at inflammation and for the presence of other infections like Influenza and Rhinovirus. Study results are expected to be reported on a rolling basis and will include quarterly reporting for participants and public health partners as well as more traditional scientific reporting.

Protective and risk factors associated with comorbid mental health disorders and psychological distress among Latinx subgroups

ABSTRACT Psychological distress, often coupled with comorbid mental illnesses, affects Latinxs at higher rates and severity than other ethnic groups. This study examined differences in the association between comorbid mental illnesses and psychological distress between Latinx subgroups. Using a sample of 28,630 adults from the National Health Interview Survey, this study used hierarchical multiple regression models to test for differences in psychological distress among various Latinx subgroups and interactions effects between Latinx subgroups and psychological distress. The presence of multiple mental health disorders and comorbid mental health disorders were associated with greater rates of psychological distress. The relationship between mental health disorders and psychological distress varied by Latinx subgroup. An interaction test yielded a significant interaction between being Puerto Rican and having no mental health disorders. Puerto Ricans with no mental health disorders report higher rates of psychological distress when compared to other Latinx subgroups. The implications of the study findings for mental health services for Latinx groups and for future research are discussed.

Latent profiles of American and ethnic–racial identity in Latinx mothers and adolescents: Links to behavioral practices and cultural values.

Few studies have examined national identity processes in Latinx immigrant mothers and their children. This study uses a person-centered approach to examine how profiles of American and ethnic–racial identity are related to American and Latinx cultural values, group orientation, and socialization practices in a sample of 172 Latinx mother–youth dyads in an emerging immigrant community. Latent profile analyses produced a 4-profile solution for mothers (high-bicultural-, moderate-bicultural-, enculturated-, and assimilated-identity mothers) and a two-profile solution for youth (high- and low-bicultural identity) with respect to ethnic–racial and American identity. Mothers low in White cultural orientation and mainstream American values were more likely to be in the enculturated-identity profile, whereas mothers low in Latinx group orientation were more likely to be in the assimilated-identity profile. Likelihood of youth profile membership did not differ based on our covariates. Testing mean-level profile differences, high-bicultural mothers delivered the most frequent familism socialization messages and delivered more cultural socialization messages than assimilated and enculturated mothers. High-bicultural-identity youth reported receiving more familism socialization messages, but fewer promotion-of-mistrust messages than low-bicultural youth. Our results support past work finding relations between identifications, values, and behavioral practices for both host (Latinx) and receiving (American) cultures. Our study also highlights the fact that 3 of our 4 profiles of Latinx immigrant mothers (high-bicultural, moderate-bicultural, and assimilated mothers), an understudied population when it comes to national identity, are heavily incorporating a sense of being American into their identities.

A Pilot Study of Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mental Health Outcomes During the First 6 Weeks of Trauma-Focused Treatment.

The objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between race/ethnicity, intervention type, and mental health outcomes at 6 weeks into treatment in a low-income, diverse community-based sample of adults seeking treatment for traumatic stress. Adult patients (N = 163) received either prolonged exposure (PE) or present centered therapy (PCT). Results suggest significant within group differences with moderate to large effect sizes after six sessions of PE or PCT by race/ethnicity. Logistic regression analyses indicated that after adjusting for significant sociodemographic covariates, at the 6-week time-point the White group had increased likelihood of: probable PTSD compared to the Latinx group; probable anxiety compared to the Black group, Latinx group, and Other group; and probable depression compared to the Other group. Covariate adjusted models also found that at 6 weeks individuals in the PCT group had significantly greater odds of probable PTSD compared to those in the PE group. Implications for behavioral healthcare in a community-based setting are discussed.

Status report for the field of social work: a content analysis of its racial/ethnic/cultural-focused research

ABSTRACT This study analyzes scholarly articles in four broad-audience social work journals, examining racial/ethnic/cultural-focused studies published in the discipline. Growth in quality and quantity of research is demonstrated, although there is room for improvement in terms of several topics (e.g., multicultural competence). African American and Latinx groups were most-often studied, with much more limited attention to Asian Americans and Native Americans. The focused articles were funded at a higher rate (48.4%) than the non-focused articles (25%); however, the topics funded were not necessarily representative of minority population needs. Unfortunately, no single minority group saw a significant increase across time and, as such, additional efforts are certainly warranted.

Language proficiency, alcohol, and drug use among Latinx groups: A brief report of the role of religious engagement.

Language proficiency, alcohol, and drug use among Latinx groups: A brief report of the role of religious engagement.

Does salivary telomere length explain race/ethnic differences in aging?

ABSTRACT Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker that can be used to characterize variability in aging and may explain race/ethnic differences in aging. Yet, it remains unclear if TL is related to aging-associated health risks in multi-ethnic populations or if it explains race/ethnic differences in health. We examine whether salivary TL (STL) explains any of the race/ethnic variability in 15 indicators of high-risk biological, physical, and cognitive health among 4,074 White, Black, and Latinx older adults ages 54+ in the 2008 Health and Retirement Study. TL was assayed from saliva using quantitative PCR (T/S ratio). Decomposition analyses from logistic regression models show variation in STL does not account for any of the observed race/ethnic differences health. In age-adjusted, race-stratified models, STL was associated with HDL, total cholesterol, and lung function among Whites, but was not associated with any markers of health among Black or Latinx groups. In this diverse national sample of older adults, STL does not account for race/ethnic differences in late life health, is associated with relatively few indicators of health among Whites, and is not associated with indicators of health among Black or Latinx groups. STL may not be a useful biomarker for understanding racial/ethnic differences in population aging among older adults.

Health Locus of Control and Neuropsychological Performance in Latinx and Non-Latinx White Persons Living with HIV (PLWH)

Abstract Objective Health locus of control (HLOC) refers to health attributions related to one’s actions, chance, doctors, or powerful others and impacts health service utilization. Locus of control (LOC) relates to better neurocognitive (NC) function in healthy adults, medication adherence, and quality of life in persons living with HIV (PLWH). No studies have examined HLOC and NC function in PLWH. This study examined how HLOC contributes to NC function in PLWH. Participants and Method This cross-sectional study included 130 PLWH (Latinx: n = 95; non-Latinx White [NLW]: n = 35) who completed an NC battery and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale Form C (MHLS-C). MHLS-C has 4 subscales (internal, chance, doctors, and powerful others; 1 = Strongly Disagree – 6 = Strongly Agree). Demographically corrected NC T-scores were used for average global NC and domain T-scores. Results The Latinx group did worse than the NLW group in global NC, learning, memory, and verbal function (ps &amp;lt; .05). In the Latinx group, MHLS-C Chance negatively related to global NC, learning, memory, and fluency (ps &amp;lt; .05); Powerful Others was negatively related to global NC, learning, and memory (ps &amp;lt; .05). In the NLW group, MHLS-C Chance negatively related to learning and memory (ps &amp;lt; .05). In hierarchical regressions, our model (Step 1: ethnicity and Step 2: MHLC Chance and Powerful Others subscales) predicted global NC (R^2 = .10), learning (R^2 = .30), and memory (R^2=.27; all ps &amp;lt; .05), such that ethnicity was not significant (all ps &amp;gt; .05). Additionally, greater MHLS-C Chance predicted worse NC function (β’s = -.22 to -.40, ps &amp;lt; .05). Conclusions Chance HLOC is related to worse NC function in Latinx and NLW groups, but more strongly in the Latinx group. Ethnicity no longer predicted NC function once chance HLOC was considered. These findings align with prior research in the Latinx population about “fatalismo,” a belief that life events are predestined, and highlight the importance of health professionals addressing perceptions of control over one’s health to improve outcomes, including NC functioning.