Latin American Space Research Articles

Memory, Real and Subjectivity in the Contemporary Latin American Scene

In this text we present stage productions/staged performances with which the authors relate as spectators or as researchers and artist-creators. This analysis of works is based on the discussion of devices of theatricality and performance in contemporary theatre, and their relationships with reality and individual and collective memory. This paper aims to follow, through theatre productions, the ways in which the collective memory is activated in the Latin American space, to detect the common points between socio-political events and the possibilities of reproduction on the contemporary stage, and to discuss the relationship that is established between social reality and stage reality. For that, we analyzed the two works Sin título. Técnica mixta/Perú and Memorial de Silêncios e Margaridas/Brazil. Both are seen as acts of memory in dialogue with reality.

Transcultural transformation in cinema

The article presents a study of transcultural transformation in cinema, considering the filmmaker as a transnational figure. This is the gradual creation of a cinematic map based on affinitive transnationalism, which integrates forms of expression that are now considered archetypal. Members of the “imagined” cultural community construct a mosaic of shared references that transcend national boundaries. Based on this concept, a study of the organisational practices of filmmaker Carlos Saura has been conducted. This concept was the basis for a study of the organisational practices of director Carlos Saura, who in his last phase of his career focused on making films that offer samples of music, dance and unusual storytelling (based on the principle of “photography”) associated to the Iberian and Latin American space. This creates a special definition of the musical and artistic genres, combining traces of a documentary style influencing the authenticity of the representations depicted, with a strong aesthetic impulse emphasising the organisational and artistic nature of these representations. This model of transnationalism takes the form of reflection of trans-Iberian dimensions.

¿Ser o parecer?: otras masculinidades en Púrpura de Ana García Bergua

El espacio latinoamericano contiene las más diversas versiones en sus literaturas en cuanto a la construcción de la masculinidad, donde cada escritor y cada región conciben la sexualidad de manera particular frente a un imaginario marcado por el ideal del «macho». Con Púrpura, Ana García Bergua marca una pauta importante y nos ofrece su propia versión transgresora de la sexualidad masculina en México. En este trabajo me concentro en la poética de la escritora para demostrar una relación entre discursos como género, modernidad, raza, clase y poder que van concatenados a la construcción de la identidad del personaje principal, identidad que se representa a través del cuerpo y el deseo. De igual forma, propongo a la novela como una lectura que desafía los estudios de género y posibilita nuevas discusiones sobre el deseo homosexual representado en el cuerpo masculino.

The importance of Latin American space in the internationalization of Portuguese SMEs

In the light of the transformation undergone in the last decade by the Portuguese economy, the internationalization of Portuguese companies through exports had a considerable growth, reducing the importance of domestic demand as the main variable in the contribution to GDP, this work addresses the role of SMEs in this process, analyzing the case of their internationalization to the Latin American space. The study is based on an empirical analysis of data resulting from a survey conducted in 2014, period where the transformation became clear, through the responses of 50 internationalized Portuguese SMEs to Latin America, which have been validated. Also, and with a focus on this research, the process was correlated with the relevant theories of internationalization, paving the way for more in-depth and methodologically based studies on this relationship with significant potential, but still little analyzed in the context of the Portuguese economy.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА РОССИИ СО СТРАНАМИ ЛАТИНСКОЙ АМЕРИКИ

Today there is a situation where the Russian Federation can become one of the significant players in the Latin American space, which in the future will help reduce foreign policy risks and strengthen Moscow’s negotiating positions. The decisive role in shaping the future of the Latin American region will be played by the strategic rivalry between the US and China in the face of the declining role of the EU and Russia's attempts to strengthen its positions here. Finding a balance of interests between the US, China and Russia in Latin America will mean the formation of a geopolitical triangle in the region, which will lead to a further expansion of alternative trade, economic and political opportunities for the countries of the Caribbean Basin.

From an Ethic of Hospitality: Reflections on Democracy, Citizenship and Migrations

The article focuses on a reflection about hospitality, thought from inhospitable experiences and aimed at critically rethinking the reactions to the underprivileged, the pilgrim, the migrant, from the assessment of host actions, the ethics of care and the irruption of otherness. It proposes going beyond the observation of data: migratory flows, xenophobic reactions or associated criminal forms and interpreting them from a constructive approach to conflicts, the demands of an inclusive citizenship and the rethinking of the axes of democratic life. Based on the thinking of D. Innerarity, the article associates the ethics of hospitality with the ethics of care, solidarity and life and poses it as a useful tool for dealing with the migratory flows of the Mediterranean and Latin American Space. From an approach of vulnerability situations associated with migrations, the possibilities of empathy, prudential reason and the demands of effectiveness from a bioethical and biopolitical perspective that emphasizes the priorities of action before life at risk are addressed.Keywords: Ethic of Ospitality, Democracy, Citizenships, Migrations.

Ce que je sais de Vera Cándida: Tema y motivos del creador de Macondo

Este artículo de reflexión parte de observaciones generales acerca de lo que la literatura comparada permite, en tanto disciplina enmarcada dentro de los estudios literarios. Enfatiza la necesidad de fomentar la comparación entre obras pertenecientes anuestro continente con otras provenientes de regiones del mundo distintas a la nuestra. En este sentido, propone el análisis de los vínculos existentes entre Ce que je sais de Vera Candida de Véronique Ovaldé, La increíble y triste historia de la cándida Eréndira y de su abuela desalmada y Cien años de soledad. La novela francesa hace suyo el tema de la Cándida Eréndira, recreando paraello un espacio latinoamericano imaginario y valiéndose de algunos de los motivos presentes en la narrativa de García Márquez, por ejemplo, la melancolía, la soledad, las marcas de cruces en la frente y el incesto. Lo anterior permite vislumbrar no solo en qué obras del creador de Macondo ha focalizado su atención la autora al escribir su novela, sino también de qué forma las ha actualizado en el contexto literario francés mediante su ficción. El análisis que se propone se sustenta principalmente en la teoría de Luz Aurora Pimentel sobre la tematología y la transtextualidad.. También, integra planteamientos de pensadores y analistas culturales que han reflexionado sobre los puntos en común encontrados entre García Márquez y Ovaldé.

Latin American Space Research - Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract The interest of Latin American countries in space research has been successfully developing for many decades. It has its roots in the first development programmes for the Brazilian and Argentinian defence industry within the import substitution strategy, and then the export-oriented strategy during the period of the military rule. The endogenous development of space technology was treated in those countries as a priority and served as a way to diffuse technology to other industries, and as a model for the other countries in the region (Peru and Venezuela), which wished to develop outer space programme by developing their own technologies within the chosen range or by partaking in broader cooperation programmes on the Latin American continent [1]. The Latin American space agencies, which already existed in many countries in the 1960s and the 1970s, were carrying out relatively costly research, treating development in this area not only as the achievement of the economic development objectives, but also as an attempt to oppose the dominance of Washington [2]. Despite of the vast funding on endogenous research in the field of space engineering being provided, until the end of the last century only the projects conducted together with the Soviet Union (Cuba) or The United States were accomplished successfully. Currently and in the nearest future, the Latin American countries are still forced to rely on external assistance with satellite launching, expertise, more advanced technologies, etc. It should be noticed that countries conducting advanced and costly space programmes: the United States, Russia, China and the European Union (especially France and – but to a substantially lesser degree – Italy) show a growing interest in cooperation with Latin America and appreciation towards their specialists, high quality research and space technologies.

Realities of Graphic Novels: An Interview with Frederick Aldama

The trend about producing and reading graphic novels has grown since the late twentieth century. These books with comic backgrounds seem to have a miraculous energy. They have been even appealing to unenthusiastic readers. They tempt people of different age groups, races and genders. They are also used for teaching ESL courses, e-learning activities, designing reality games, and teaching creative writing. If you talk to its followers, you may get the feedback that graphic novels can fulfil your demands and dreams from writing your assignments to taking you to the moon. Although many researchers have investigated the benefits of graphic novels, many faculties and librarians are still reluctant to include graphic novels in their curricula. Perhaps it is simply the attitude of many teachers and librarians that graphic novels look like a comic book, and simply are not “real” books. They have too few words, too many pictures, and lack quality to be seriously considered as literature. In the following, I, Ruzbeh Babaee, did an interview with Distinguished Professor Frederick Luis Aldama on realities of graphic novels.Aldama is a distinguished scholar and Professor of English at The Ohio State University, United States. In the departments of English and Spanish & Portuguese he is involved in teaching courses on US Latino and Latin American cultural phenomena, literature, film, music, video games, and comic books. He has founded and directed the White House Hispanic Bright Spot awarded LASER/Latino and Latin American Space for Enrichment Research. Professor Aldama won the Ohio Education Summit Award for Founding & Directing LASER in 2016. In April 2017, Aldama was awarded OSU’s Alumni Award for Distinguished Teaching and inducted into the Academy of Teaching. He is the author, co-author, and editor of 30 books, including his first book of fiction/graphic fiction, Long Stories Cut Short: Fictions from the Borderlands.

Entren los que quieran: Calle 13 y la construcción de lo latino(americano)

This article aims to identify discursive strategies of Calle 13’s songs in its construction of the figure of Residente (the group’s Puerto Rican singer) as an intellectual who attempts to speak on behalf of subaltern subjects. At the same time, the songs show an idealized image of a culturally harmonious Latin America. Furthermore, the Latino population in the United States is also represented adopting the same strategy of homogenization. By analyzing the lyrics of Calle 13’s songs, I suggest that the unification of Latin Americans is imagined in contrast to the figure of a common enemy, the United States. Because the songs encourage a Latin American silent invasion of the United States, I consider the configuration of Residente not only as an intellectual but also as a guerrilla leader. In this way, the representation of Residente relocates the position of Puerto Rico as a Latin American space that is becoming the vanguard of the supposed massive invasion.

Internacionalização da educação superior nos marcos da integração regional da América Latina: o caso da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana

Especialmente a partir da emergncia dos processos de integrao de mercados (globalizao) e de culturas (mundializao), que marca a ordem econmica e poltica mundial do ps-guerra, os esforos de comunidades acadmicas, formuladores de polticas pblicas e governos nacionais dos pases latino-americanos se conjugam na direo de reconfigurar seus sistemas e polticas de educao superior com base em uma palavra-fora: internacionalizao. Nesse cenrio, apresenta-se uma dialtica que tende a confrontar (no, necessariamente, a contrapor) demandas locais/nacionais histricas de incluso e profissionalizao da cidadania, por definio referida ao Estado-Nao, aos imperativos de uma geopoltica do conhecimento comandada pelos centros dinmicos do capitalismo contemporneo que, por sua vez, se pauta num modelo definido (e prestigiado) de educao superior, as world class universities, conforme critrios apontados e mensurados por rankings internacionais, caracterizando, assim, um processo de transnacionalizao, mais que de internacionalizao. Neste trabalho, identificamos as modalidades mais clssica de internacionalizao historicamente adotadas pelos sistemas e polticas de educao superior da Amrica Latina, para em seguida analisar a resposta institucional oferecida aos requisitos de internacionalizao com a recente implantao de uma universidade federal brasileira: a Universidade da Integrao Latino-Americana (Unila), destacando sua forte relao com a poltica externa brasileira de integrao regional para o territrio abrangido pelo Mercosul. Defendemos o entendimento de que a Unila se orienta por concepes institucionais, curriculares e epistemolgicas alternativas aos modelos hegemnicos e que representa, potencialmente, uma viso de poltica de educao superior que busca uma outra configurao para a geopoltica do conhecimento no espao latino-americano. O trabalho apresenta anlises preliminares das pesquisas (bibliogrfica, documental e de campo) realizadas no mbito do projeto Observatrio da Universidade Popular do Brasil, desenvolvido pelo Programa de Ps-Graduao em Educao da Uninove (PPGE-Uninove) sob fomento da Capes.

The 59th Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space at the 67th International Astronautical Congress

The 59th International Institute of Space Law (IISL) Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space was held from 27–30 September 2016 in Guadalajara, Mexico, in conjunction with the 67th International Astronautical Congress (IAC). Comprised of seven technical sessions and one session for interactive presentations, the Colloquium focused on a range of thematic issues in space law, and featured papers from almost seventy presenters. Topics discussed included the legal aspects related to the remote sensing principles, regional cooperation and Latin American space activities, large satellite constellations, space resource utilization, planetary defence, and spectrum management. The 8th Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Lecture was delivered by incoming IISL president Kai-Uwe Schrogl, entitled ‘Space Law and Diplomacy’. The Manfred Lachs Space Law Moot Court semi-finals and world finals were also held in Guadalajara, as well the General Assembly of the IISL.

AS POLÍTICAS DE LÍNGUAS SOBRE O GUARANI NO PARAGUAI E O BILINGUISMO IMAGINÁRIO

O artigo que aqui se apresenta e um recorte de nossa tese de doutorado, em que analisamos discursivamente a construcao do lugar que ocupa o guarani no Paraguai, como lingua oficial na atualidade. Para tanto, filiamo-nos as pesquisas desenvolvidas no âmbito da Historia das Ideias Linguisticas (AUROUX, 1998, 2009 [1992], 2010 [1994]; ORLANDI, 1983, 1988, 2008 [1990]), em seu entrelacamento com a Analise do Discurso de linha francesa (PECHEUX, 1988 [1975], 1990 [1969]; 2010 [1994]), para construir nossa reflexao e avancar nos estudos referentes ao tema. Objetivando compreender os sentidos produzidos acerca do imaginario de bilinguismo, analisamos as acoes da Secretaria de Politicas Linguisticas, a partir da descricao de tres projetos, dentre os quais selecionamos o intitulado Rohayhu Che Ne’ẽ: una semana en lengua guarani . Observamos o funcionamento dos discursos sobre o guarani no espaco de enunciacao (GUIMARAES, 2005) paraguaio e, tambem, no latino-americano, por sua incorporacao como lingua oficial de trabalho do Mercosul. Pela analise empreendida, foi possivel verificar como a memoria (PECHEUX, 2007) sobre as linguas se inscreve na producao de politicas de linguas sobre o bilinguismo, pela promocao de um bilinguismo imaginario. No jogo das relacoes de forcas travadas no embate entre as linguas, nas textualidades analisadas, materializam-se os efeitos de sentidos produzidos ideologica e historicamente, em um processo que segue promovendo a lingua. --- http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/matraga.2016.21231

Almodóvar, El Deseo and the Co-Production of Latin-American Space

Pedro Almodóvar’s films of the last decade and a half, in combination with the series of six co-productions sponsored by his production company, El Deseo S. A., during the same period, exemplify what Néstor García Canclini describes as the co-production of a transnational Hispanic identity (1995: 130). The objective of this essay is to explore the cultural politics that informs this particular version of transnational filmmaking, first by probing the implications of the strategy through which Almodóvar’s recent films stabilize a mode of address directed to both Spanish and Latin American audiences; second, by examining the relation between his increasing emphasis on Latin American cultural tropes and El Deseo’s collaboration with Latin American auteurs beginning in 2000.

Redes de movilidad académica para la cooperación e integración regional en Iberoamérica

La movilidad académica de estudiantes, profesores e investigadores constituye una oportunidad para las personas en lo que se refiere a la formación, al desarrollo de capacidades en la actual sociedad del conocimiento y a la innovación tecnológica. Este trabajo tiene por objetivos analizar, en primer lugar, el papel de la movilidad académica como componente del proceso de internacionalización de la educación superior, y en segundo lugar el potencial del dispositivo de trabajo en red para la cooperación y la integración en la región iberoamericana. El documento consta de dos partes, en la primera se abordan cuestiones que están en la base de las decisiones de implementación de programas de movilidad: los valores, objetivos, metodología, así como cuestiones más genéricas del contexto actual en las que situar los fenómenos de movilidad de personas y organización en redes. En la segunda parte se toman dos ejemplos de programas de movilidad para analizar la incidencia de la organización en red sobre los objetivos, desarrollo, resultados y potencial de evolución que este modelo, vinculado a la creación de un entramado de cooperación que favorezca el beneficio mutuo, el reconocimiento de la diversidad, el fortalecimiento institucional, los objetivos de la integración regional, ofrece para la construcción de un espacio iberoamericano compartido de educación superior.

Claves racialistas y reformistas en la invención de un nacionalismo continental. El porvenir de la América latina (1911), de Manuel Ugarte

In this work, we analize the rethorics of contemporary diagnostic on Latin-american societies in Manuel Ugarte’s essay, El porvenir de la America latina. Thus, we focus on its belonging to the evolutionary scientific paradigm, and the adoption of a racialist perspective on regards to the contemporany social aspects that the author intends to study. It is also possible to observe, in this rethorics, other aspects that are in tension with this paradigm, such as equality ideas, related to the author’s socialism. Those contradictions reveal the debates. from the end of XIXth century and XXth century, in wich the Latin-american space had to be conceived in reference to its modernization’s processes, as well as to the recent American hegemony, after the 1898 Spanish defeat against the USA.

La convergencia de la educación superior en América Latina y su articulación con los espacios europeo e iberoamericano: posibilidades y límites

En el artículo se plantea que la convergencia y articulación de los sistemas de educación superior en América Latina y la consolidación de un Espacio Común que abarque al conjunto del continente, se constituye en un desafío significativo y un proceso ineludible frente a la situación de fragmentación que se registra y la etapa necesaria para la conformación de un Espacio Iberoamericano que no conduzca a una posible situación de carácter neo-colonial. Se caracteriza brevemente la situación actual y la evolución reciente de la educación superior en América Latina y se reseñan los principales programas de convergencia registrados en el marco de los procesos de integración regional. Se analizan los programas, proyectos, trabajos y estudios del MERCOSUR, de la Comisión Europea, del IESALC de la UNESCO, de la OEI, de la OUI, de la RIACES y de algunas de las redes de universidades existentes. Finalmente, se plantean algunas propuestas para atender al desafío de consolidar el Espacio Latinoamericano de Educación Superior y su posible articulación con el Iberoamericano y el Europeo.

Art, Science, and the New World in Daniel Kehlmann’s Die Vermessung der Welt and César Aira’s Un episodio en la vida del pintor viajero

This article interprets recent historical novels by Daniel Kehlmann and Cesar Aira that represent Latin American space as intimately connected with art and fiction. Kehlmann’s Die Vermessung der Welt explores New World topographies to argue that scientific and artistic approaches to the understanding of the environment are similar, while Aira’s Un episodio en la vida del pintor viajero represents Latin America as a creative territory that violently resists scientific European incursions. Both novels remove Latin American landscapes from their sociopolitical contexts and conflate them with the artificiality of fiction. This perception represents a perspective on Latin America from outside its borders: the fantasized landscape serves to exoticize the region.

Análisis de la indización practicada en la revista Pedagogía Social (1998-2003)

Social Sciences reviews have lately made an effort to increase their standards. Two of the main criteria of LATINDEX refer to indexing (key words). This work is based on present scientific Documentation and on Pedagogical Documentation and it describes the indexing made by the Pedagogia Social review from 1998 to 2003 is described. Proposals are made in order to optimize processes of indexing. The idea that each science should care about its own terminology is defended. From the present international context of higher education which affects Pedagogy (European Space of Higher Education and Latin American Space of Higher Education), the idea of promoting further the use of the European Thesaurus of Education in processes of indexing is advocated.

Hispanoamérica y Brasil: Encuentros, desencuentros, vacíos

In this contribution, the shared articulation of a Latin-American space from the multiplicity of its cultural areas is approached through Fernando Pessoa’s ...