Latin American Perspective Research Articles

Transplantation and native peoples: latin american perspectives from the brazilian Amazon

This article aims to investigate the reasons behind the absence of literature on organ transplantation among native peoples in Latin America, in contrast to the extensive literature on the subject in English-speaking countries. Given the increasing incidence of chronic diseases observed among Latin American indigenous peoples, a demand for organ transplantation among indigenous peoples is anticipated compared to other national contexts. However, meeting this demand is hindered by the need for a culturally sensitive vision on the part of public managers and the need for high-complexity planning and infrastructure in these countries. Therefore, the creation of a research network in the region is proposed to monitor the problem and generate data that can pressure these countries to provide transplant services to native peoples, with protocols that respect indigenous forms of consent, maintenance of fluids and organs, traditional knowledge, eschatology, and cosmology.

Latin American Perspectives on Parenthood and Disability: Vulnerability, Risk, and Social Inclusion

Despite the growing recognition and acceptance of disabled people’s sexuality, there are barriers to parenthood anchored in metaphors of vulnerability and risk. The social inclusion of disabled parents seems both desirable and risky, making disabled parenthood one of the current frontiers of inclusion for the disabled body. The interest in disabled parenting in Anglo-Saxon academic literature has barely been considered related to Latin American production. This article aims to address this gap by exploring the Latin American scientific community’s understanding of parenthood and disability. To do so, we conduct a pragmatic discourse analysis of Latin American scientific articles in Web of Science (in English) and RedALyC and SciELO (in Spanish). Our findings show how the Latin American scientific community draws on different models of disability—in some cases introducing an intersectional perspective—that reproduce metaphors of vulnerability/risk regarding parenthood. We conclude by highlighting the importance of establishing dialogues between critical perspectives on disability from the Anglo-Saxon and Latin American contexts to address the complexities of the reproduction processes of disabled people. These dialogues can contribute to problematising the metaphor of vulnerability/risk currently associated with disabled parenthood.

Capitalism and Global Mining: Latin American Perspectives 1500-1914

Objective/Context: The paper provides a comprehensive overview of Latin American mining history, exploring cross-pollination opportunities between mining historians and scholars of the emerging field of the history of capitalism. The analysis spans from the region’s integration into global markets during the 1500s to the twilight of export-led growth in the early twentieth century. Methodology: The study builds on an overview of both classic and contemporary literature, offering new insights into understanding existing data on mining history within a global context. By incorporating perspectives from geology, ecology, and economics, the article investigates the connections between specific mineral deposits and different paths of capitalistic development across Latin America. Originality: The paper sketches some of the gaps in the analysis of global and local flows of minerals and comments on notable contributions to the broader field of Latin American history. It introduces innovative approaches for the study of output cycles, geological and ecological endowments, technological spillovers, and mining economics. Conclusions: First, the existing literature has predominantly focused on precious metals, with few scholars studying non-precious metals and non-metallic minerals. Second, the narratives surrounding mining history have been primarily centered on silver, overshadowing the significance of bimetallism in understanding the emergence of global capitalism. Thirdly, examining the microeconomic dynamics of mining in the region may present fresh opportunities to explore the impact of mining on sectoral and managerial transformations. Finally, studies of the two-way interaction of capitalism and mining need to include research on the energy and environmental systems that underpinned mineral extraction and production.

A Latin American Perspective on the Leuenberg Agreement

AbstractAmong the 104 churches signatory to the Leuenberg Agreement of 1973, which created ecclesial communion between Lutheran, Reformed, and United churches in Europe, are six churches from Latin America, five of them from the Southern Cone. This article reviews how the Protestant churches in the Southern Cone came to be signatories of the Leuenberg Agreement and its significance for their life and witness. Two elements in particular have proven significant over the years. The first is the theological and ecumenical platform the Leuenberg Agreement provided, which gave visibility to a phenomenon already taking place. The second is the fact that the Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe has a regional group in South America: this was the case almost from the beginning, which also poses an interesting theological and contextual challenge.

Management of radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: the Latin American perspective.

Radioiodine (RAI) refractory differentiated thyroid cancer is an uncommon and challenging situation that requires a multidisciplinary approach to therapeutic strategies. The definition of RAI-refractoriness is usually a clear situation in specialized centers. However, the right moment for initiation of multikinase inhibitors (MKI), the time and availability for genomic testing, and the possibility of prescribing MKI and selective kinase inhibitors differ worldwide.Latin America (LA) refers to the territories of the world that stretch across two regions: North America (including Central America and the Caribbean) and South America, containing 8.5% of the world's population. In this manuscript, we critically review the current standard approach recommended for patients with RAI refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, emphasizing the challenges faced in LA. To achieve this objective, the Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS) convened a panel of experts from Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. Access to MKI compounds continues to be a challenge in all LA countries. This is true not only for MKI but also for the new selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which will also require genomic testing, that is not widely available. Thus, as precision medicine advances, significant disparities will be made more evident, and despite efforts to improve coverage and reimbursement, molecular-based precision medicine remains inaccessible to most of the LA population. Efforts should be undertaken to alleviate the discrepancies between the current state-of-the-art care for RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and the present situation in Latin America.

Considerations for Pain Assessments in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review of the Latin American Perspective.

Cancer incidence in Latin America is lower than in Europe or the United States but morbidity and mortality rates are disproportionately high. A barrier to adequate pain control is inadequate pain assessment, which is a relatively easy and inexpensive metric. The objective of this narrative review is to describe pain assessment for cancer patients in Latin America. Cultural factors may influence pain perception, including contextualizing pain as noble or natural suffering and aspects of what is now called "spiritual pain." Unlike other painful conditions, cancer pain may be strongly associated with existential fear, psychosocial distress, anxiety, and spiritual concerns. Pain assessment allows not just quantification of pain intensity but may elucidate pain mechanisms involved or psychosocial aspects that may color the pain. Many current pain assessment instruments capture only pain intensity, which is but one aspect of the pain experience; some have expanded to include functional assessments, mental health status evaluations, and quality of life metrics. A quality-of-life assessment may be appropriate for cancer patients since chronic pain can severely impact function, which can in turn create a vicious cycle by exacerbating pain. The incidence of cancer in Latin America is expected to increase in the ensuing years. Better pain assessment and clinician education are needed to help manage pain in this large and growing patient population.

Christian Ethics and Liberation from Below: A Way of Doing Theological Ethics in Brazil

This essay offers a Latin American perspective of theological ethics developed from the preferential option for the poor, marked by dialogue and encounter with the poor in their reality. Considering the theological diversity of the region, the author focuses on a theological ethics developed in Brazil, especially the dialogical methods of Brazilian Catholic ethicists gathered by the Brazilian Society of Moral Theology. This essay presents an account on dialogue in theological ethics as a means of creation and liberation from the encounter with the poor in their reality and with other partners in a praxis of faith and struggle for justice. Then, the author stresses their reality as a theological locus and their voices as interlocutors for developing theological ethics, showing an experience of this method from below in theological bioethics and global health challenges.

The Slovenian School, Contributions and Current Debates: An Exploration from a Latin American Perspective

After a brief reflection on the characteristics of the historiography of psychoanalysis in recent decades, this article aims to show certain dilemmas and/or debates that cross the psychoanalytic field both in the region and in the contemporary world. To this end, the focus will be placed on the campaign organized by Nina Krajnik in favor of the psychoanalytic clinic and against the theoretical psychoanalysis of Slavoj Žižek, Alenka Zupan?i? and Mladen Dolar. It is of particular interest to examine how Krajnik’s arguments are embedded in a broader project aiming both at an expansion of the World Association of Psychoanalysis (WAP) headed by Jacques- Alain Miller, and at obtaining a monopoly over psychoanalytic theory and its political effects. It will be shown that it is possible to find the first manifestations of this process in Latin America even before the WAP project. In this sense, based on the productions of Dolar, Zupancic and Žižek, some current contributions of the Slovenian school will be shown, which are taken up here in the light of the Latin American context, seeking to illuminate the theoretical, institutional, political, ideological and cultural implications of the domination and hegemony of the Millerian current in the psychoanalytic field. This logic of power, as will be seen, has not prevented the emergence and development of some radical and irreverent approaches which, nevertheless, seem to have failed: in some Latin American countries, such as Argentina, Millerian psychoanalysis managed to impose itself even more intensely than in France itself. This poses a challenge and a dilemma worthy of consideration and which must be taken up.

Cameriere's open apices methodology for dental age estimation in children: a scoping review from a Latin American perspective.

Dental age estimation (DAE) is key to establishing an individual's identity, and this is relevant in minors. A widely used method for DAE in children is Cameriere's open apices (CAM). Despite its wide dissemination, there are no clear reports of its use in Latin American populations. A scoping review was conducted using a search strategy in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, Web of Science, and a complementary manual search. Only papers using CAM or its regression equation models for evaluating Latin American populations were included. Ten studies published between 2007 and 2020 responded to the search objective. Brazil was the country with the most studies using CAM (7/10), and the University of Macerata (Italy) was the most declared affiliation (6/10). Seven studies used the original CAM formula in populations from Brazil and Peru, while the European formula (EuCAM) was applied in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Although the method underestimated the age values with acceptable error margins, the correction factor substantially improved the predictive power of the method. Some limitations of the method are highlighted. CAM and its variants can be useful for validation in Latin American settings, but attention to population structures and terminologies is suggested for future research.

THE COMPETITIVE APPROACH VS THE HUMANIST-SOCIAL APPROACH IN QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES

Postgraduate quality management can be carried out from two approaches: the first, (competitive) is based on compliance with academic, scientific and administrative standards, and the positioning of universities in world lists of best institutions; the second (humanist-social) in the commitment of the universities with the solution of the problems of sustainable development. The objective of this article is to review the recent information backing the competitive and social-humanist approaches to quality in postgraduate studies, and on this basis support what should be the meeting point between both approaches in Latin American universities. For this purpose, articles published predominantly in Latin America, and also from Asia and Africa, were analyzed. From the points of view expressed in the reviewed documents, reflections on quality management in postgraduate studies were formulated from the Latin American perspective. It was found that the competitive approach predominates in postgraduate quality management worldwide, and that the social responsibility of universities, and of postgraduate studies in particular, implies a commitment to solving local, regional and national problems, only achievable with a solid social-humanist approach. Latin American universities must combine compliance with competitive standards with postgraduate social responsibility objectives, and assign greater weight to the latter in accreditation systems.

Inequality in Access to Healthcare: A Latin American Perspective

Introduction: inequality in access to healthcare is a significant issue globally, with disparities in access to health services, health outcomes, and health-related behaviors. Latin America is known for its income and wealth inequality, and perceptions of inequality in health services during the COVID-19 pandemic are crucial to consider in formulating public policies in this sector. Objective: to determine the factors associated with the perception of inequality and access to health services in Latin America in 2020. Methods: the study uses data from the 2020 Latinobarómetro and focuses on socio-demographic, perception, and access to health services factors. Three supervised learning algorithms were used: logit regression with Lasso regularization algorithm, decision tree, and random forests. Results: the study found that the factors associated with the perception of inequality and access to health services in Latin America in 2020 include age, education, income, health insurance, and type of healthcare facility used. Conclusions: the study provides valuable insights into the perception of inequality associated with access to health systems in Latin America, one of the world's most unequal regions. Public policies addressing this issue would positively influence Latin Americans' objective and subjective quality of life. However, there is a need for more consensus on appropriate indicators for measuring access to health, and more studies analyzing access to health services during the pandemic and users' perception are necessary

SA 10.4 Breast cancer treatment and research from a Latin American perspective

SA 10.4 Breast cancer treatment and research from a Latin American perspective

A regenerative decolonization perspective on ESD from Latin America

ABSTRACT This paper provides a Latin American perspective on ESD, with a focus on transformative and participatory learning in community contexts. With a long history of critical pedagogies, Latin America provides a fertile ground for exploring alternative forms of education as a means to address deep-rooted challenges in western traditional strands of education. We start by providing an overview of pertinent educational currents present in Latin America, then ground these perspectives in two case studies carried out by the authors – one from Colombia, the other from Brazil – which explore grassroots initiatives in community settings that utilise different forms of education and learning. We then propose an integrative model to foster alternative educational approaches that might lead to decolonial and regenerative praxis, finishing with a discussion on how Latin American-rooted regenerative decolonisation perspective and praxis can inform global ESD discourses.

A synthetical view of Western, Asian, and Latin American perspectives onorganizational citizenship behaviors: Matching etic, emic, and unique approaches with cultural dimensions

This study proposes a three-practice approach for organizing, analyzing, and studying organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) taking into account the different views reflected across global, regional, and/or national studies. First, OCBs were reviewed and categorized into Western, Asian, and Latin American contexts. Second, the OCBs were grouped based on three practices: etic (global), emic (regional), and unique (national) perspectives. Finally, the cultural dimensions of individualism versus collectivism (IC) and power distance (PD) were examined from the etic, emic, and unique approaches to develop several practices to aid international managers by providing scholars with a more consistent framework for identifying relevant OCBs. This theoretical study proposes a decentralized approach to the predominant Western view of OCBs to guide more accurate research across cultures. A three-practice approach research perspective would ground OCB research cross-culturally with several modifications: (practice 1) the OCBs of altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness and sportsmanship are generally recognized as etic; (practice 2) the categorization of the emic OCBs of interpersonal harmony, professional development, organizational sincerity, and protecting company resources as exclusive to Asian and Latin American countries; and (practice 3) the two unique OCBs of courtesy and organizational camaraderie were acknowledged only in Western countries and identified primarily in Latin American countries, respectively.

Divinas tetas: Doing Theology from Mutilated Bodies

The article is an exercise in constructing theology from a Latin American perspective in dialogue with queer studies and theologies. The starting point is the tragic death of Lorena Muniz, a transwoman, in the process of getting breast implants making evident aspects of gender oppression, cis-sexist aesthetic pressure, and state neglect of health care specific to the trans population as denounced by ANTRA (National Association of Travestis and Transexuals). From this context, the article discusses a hermeneutics of mutilation in relation to Latin America and to the experience of trans people and introduces countersexuality (Preciado) as a way to resist the mutilations of cis-heteropatriarchy. With those tools in hand, the last part of the article realizes an exercise of theological and religious imagination engaging with the song Vaca profana (Caetano Veloso/Gal Costa) as a possible way of reconciling the reality of Lorena Muniz’ death with the hope for a different future through the symbolism of the divinas tetas [divine tits].

Guest editorial: Latin American perspectives on sustainability in higher education

Guest editorial: Latin American perspectives on sustainability in higher education

A Latin American perspective on neurodiplomacy.

A Latin American perspective on neurodiplomacy.

Debates in psychoanalysis: A Latin American perspective

ABSTRACT While pluralism allows for the recognition of different psychoanalytic models, it still remains a challenge to build processes and arguments strong enough to resolve basic disagreements. The Three-Level Model constitutes a valuable tool to an open critical discussion among analysts of different theoretical orientations regarding a clinical material, by providing sources of evidence about patient transformations in an analytic process.

Presentation: Why Latin American perspectives on feminism, gender and sexuality in digital technologies

Resumen Fruto de una colaboración entre el Centro Latinoamericano en Sexualidad y Derechos Humanos (CLAM/IMS/UERJ) y la Red Feminista de Investigación de Internet de la Asociación para el Progreso de las Comunicaciones (FIRN/APC), este dossier reúne estudios en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas realizados por investigadores e investigadoras tanto académicas como de la sociedad civil de Brasil, Chile y México. Sus contribuciones originales abordan el encuentro de las tecnologías digitales con cuestiones de salud de la mujer; violencia contra las mujeres; racismo e inteligencia artificial; activismo de mujeres negras y migrantes; religión y autoexpresión femenina; y el rol de las masculinidades con relación al fenómeno contemporáneo del empredorismo de sí y a las redes militantes de ultraderecha. Nuestro objetivo no es tanto abordar un objeto singular o cubrir una ausencia sino, más bien, conectar intereses temáticos desde diversos enfoques teóricos, metodológicos y disciplinarios en un diálogo abierto sobre las formas en que hemos investigado en, de, para y sobre lo digital en relación con el género, la sexualidad y los feminismos en América Latina.

Buen Vivir and the Art of Living: Comparing Western and Latin American Perspectives on Living a “Good Life”

Buen Vivir and the Art of Living: Comparing Western and Latin American Perspectives on Living a “Good Life”