Latest Research Articles

Summary of application of stretched wire technology in accelerator alignment and survey

To study the application and development of stretched wire technology in accelerator alignment and survey, the principle of stretched wire technology is summarized firstly, then the development history of stretched wire alignment method in accelerator is reviewed, and the latest development trend of stretched wire alignment method is introduced. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of various alignment methods and their suitable environments are discussed, and the development differences between domestic and foreign alignment methods are compared. The development direction of the stretched wire alignment method is pointed out, and the direction of the accelerator alignment and survey is given.

Transforming our London home: an update

Bulletin latest on the changing home of surgery.

Advances in the treament of talus fracture and its complications

Talus fracture is a relatively rare injury. The indication of surgical treatment of talus fracture is the obvious displacement of talus neck or talus body fracture, the purpose of which is to achieve anatomical reduction of the fracture site. The anatomical structure of talus is special, most of its surface is covered by the articular surface, so the injury often involves the articular surface, so the treatment is difficult and the incidence of complications after fracture operation is high, which is prone to ischemic necrosis and traumatic arthritis. Based on the anatomical structure of talus, we reviewed the latest treatment methods of talus fracture and its complications, the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment methods and the existing problems. Key words: Fracture; Talus; Ischemic necrosis; Treament

Singspiel – A Proto-European Phenomenon? A contemporary practice of theatre, ist genealogy and ist potentiality

By analysing Heiner Goebbels’ latest performance ‚Everything that happened and would happen’, the article shows the Singspiel to be a significantly transnational, even proto-European genre. Its structural characteristics reciprocally link today’s practice of performing arts with the practice from the second half of the 18th century. In both time periods, the Singspiel answers to the questions and problems of the aesthetic and political regime of the time, standing against rigid regulations more or less predefined by leading media and political paradigms. Through its vernacular, but also transnational practice, the genre opposes national and normalizing trends in theatre and the pernicious idea of instrumentalizing the performing arts as an identity-establishing tool. Today it fosters the advancement of art forms and aesthetic genres in a globalized and digitalized environment.

Ozonoterapia para reducir el dolor lumbar

El dolor lumbar es muy frecuente en la población y disminuye la calidad de vida de los pacientes que lo sufren. En los últimos años se ha sugerido la ozonoterapia como tratamiento alternativo debido a su efecto antiinflamatorio y analgésico. Los resultados mostraron que la ozonoterapia es confiable y efectiva para el tratamiento de la hernia de disco lumbar, dolor radicular y dolor de espalda mecánico debido al dolor lumbar.Tras examinar los resultados de los estudios descritos realizados en los últimos años en diversos países se puede comprobar la eficacia y seguridad de la ozonoterapia para reducir el dolor lumbar a corto y largo plazo cuando no funciona el tratamiento conservador, y su poder para retrasar la cirugía. A raíz de estos favorables resultados resulta imprescindible trasmitir esta novedosa terapia a los profesionales sanitarios para que puedan incorporarla en su trabajo diario y así poder ofrecer a los pacientes los mejores tratamientos basados en las últimas evidencias científicas demostradas.

The long-term results of growth friendly non-fusion technique in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis

Objective To evaluate long-term results of growth friendly non-fusion technique (GF) in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Methods From August 2008 to October 2019, a total of 26 EOS patients (mean age 7.2±2.4 years old) who had completed surgery with GF treatment, including 12 males and 14 females, were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 16 patients underwent growing rod treatment while 10 patients underwent vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) treatment. All patients had minimum 2 lengthening procedure during distraction period and over 2-year follow-up after graduation. Radiographic data were collected before and after index surgery as well as at graduation and the latest follow-up. Complications were also recorded during distraction period and after graduation. Results A total of 145 lengthening procedures were performed in 26 patients, averagely 5.6 procedures per patient. The mean age at graduation was 12.6±1.6 years old. The average follow-up was 4.7±1.4 years duringdistraction period, and 2.9±0.9 years after graduation.The main Cobb angle was significantly decreased from 81.2°±17.3° to 41.1°±13.1°(t=8.124, P<0.001)after the index surgery, but slightly increased to 48.8°±15.4° at the end of distraction. After definitive spinal fusion, the main Cobb angle was notably decreased from 52.8°±16.1° to 45.4°±14.8° in 16 patients(t=2.415, P=0.035), with an average correction rate of 14.1%±9.4%. At the latest follow-up, the main Cobb angle was 45.2°±15.6° and the average correction rate was 44.3%±15.5% when comparing with the value before the index surgery. The thoracic and spinal height were significantly increased after initial surgery. During distraction period, the average gain of thoracic and spinal height was 3.3±0.9 cm and 5.6±1.9 cm, with the growth rate of 0.6±0.3 cm and 1.0±0.4 cm per distraction, respectively. A total of 36complications were recorded in 14 patients. There were 27 complications occurred during distraction period and 9 after graduation. Conclusion Surgical management of EOS with growing rod and VEPTR could effectively correct the spinal deformity and maintain spinal growth. The complication rate after graduation was relative lower than distraction period. However, the correction of definitive spinal fusion during graduation was relative lower. Key words: Child; Scoliosis; Orthopedic fixation devices; Follow-up studies; Spinal fusion

Progress in use of metformin in pregnancy with diabetes

The efficacy as well as short- and long-term safety of metformin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus have been constantly confirmed in recent years. Metformin could decrease the weight gain during pregnancy and the incidence of hypoglycemia compared with insulin, without increasing the incidence of adverse pregnant outcomes. Moreover, no significant adverse outcome has been found in the offspring of women treated with metformin in pregnancy. This article reviews the evidence for efficacy and safety of using metformin during pregnancy, summarizes the latest guidelines and recommendations, and describes the specific medication regimen. Key words: Metformin; Diabetes, gestational; Validation studies; Clinical protocols

Advances in human milk stem cells

Recent studies have revealed that human milk harbors stem cells at various stages of differentiation, including pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The stem cellular components of human milk with high interindividual variability are affected by gestational age and lactation stages. The maternal stem cells which pass to the infant through human milk could help boost offspring growth and development. Human milk stem cell with multi-directional differentiation potential may be a new source of stem cell replacement therapy in the future. We hereby review the latest progress in human milk stem cells from these aspects. Key words: Milk, human; Stem cells; Child development

Advances in surgery-related adjuvant therapy of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has a poor prognosis. Surgical treatment combined with adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted drug therapy, local liver damage therapy, interventional therapy, antiviral therapy can have complementary effects to prevent its recurrence after surgery. We will review the latest advances in surgery and adjuvant therapy for ICC, and provide new ideas for the comprehensive treatment and clinical research of ICC. Key words: Biliary duct neoplasms; Surgical procedures, operative; Neoadjuvant therapy; Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia based on the theory of 'three syndromes and three methods'/ 中华危重病急救医学

The latest diagnosis and treatment plan (4th edition) of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia has been issued. The diagnosis and treatment plan highlights the concept of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and Xuebijing injection was referred for three times. Xuebijing injection was successfully developed based on the theory of 'three syndromes and three methods'. The theory of 'three syndromes and three methods' is a theoretical system of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine on critical diseases proposed by Professor Wang Jinda and his team in the 1970s, and it is one of the main contents of Wang Jinda's academic thought. The theory of 'three syndromes and three methods' has a deep foundation of traditional Chinese medicine theory, and it is still being continuously enriched and improved. It is also supported by multiple evidence-based data. Therefore, 'three syndromes and three methods' has rich theoretical connotation and tenacious vitality.

Understanding the Influence Factors in Viral Nucleic Acid Test of 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)

At present, the prevention and control of new coronavirus has entered a critical period. However, the use of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays for the detection of viral nucleic acid, as a crucial diagnostic approach, has been doubted in clinical practice. Herein, we have reviewed the current status of epidemic prevention and control, latest development of detection technologies, disease characteristics, clinical sampling and transport. We have also discussed the factors that may affect the performance of viral nucleic acid detection, and suggested some effective methods to improve the detection performance of the assays. Key words: Novel coronavirus pneumonia; RNA viruses; Molecular diagnostic techniques; Root cause analysis; Nucleic acid detection

The novel coronavirus epidemic: How worried should we be?

Mark Greener looks at the latest potential pandemic and what is known so far

Research Advances on the Biological Characteristics of Hematological Malignant Cells Immunologically Regulated by Exosome--Review

Abstract The minimal residual disease (MRD) is the origin element that caused the relapse and drug resistance of hematological malignancies, the immune cells play a great role to clear MRD. A variety of immune cells have anti-tumor effects. However, tumor cells antagonize anti-tumor effects by reprogramming of constituents associated with tumor environment. Many different cell types, including immune cells, mesenchymal cells and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment release exosomes. The latest researches indicate that "cargo" and surface ligands carried by exosomes secreted by hematological malignant cells not only can affect the function of natural killer cell (migration, activation, proliferation, secretion and NKG2D expression), macrophage (migration and secretion) and dendritic cell (maturation and presentation), but also regulate the expression of PD-L1 and CCR2, CCL2 secretion and transformation of monocytes. The altered function of immune cells will eventually have effect on the progression of hematological malignancies.

Arthroscopic fixation with figure of 8 suture versus ladder mesh suture for anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture

Objective To compare the primary clinical results of arthroscopic figure of 8 suture and ladder mesh suture fixations in treating anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures. Methods From August 2013 to November 2016, a total of 37 patients with ACL tibial avulsion fracture who had closed epiphyses underwent arthroscopy. By the Meyers-McKeever-Zaricznyj classification, 10 cases were type II, 22 type III and 5 type IV. There were 25 cases in the figure of 8 suture fixation group with two No.2 high-strength sutures crossed to form a 8 figure to pull out and fix the fracture through the tibial tunnels, including 17 males and 8 females with an average age of 18.91±9.34 years (range 14-36 years). The ladder mesh suture fixation group with three No.2 high-strength sutures woven into a mesh to pull out and fix the fracture through the tibial tunnels had 12 cases, including 8 males and 4 females with an average age of 19.63±7.85 years (range 15-33 years). At the latest follow-up, the Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used to estimate knee joint function, while the Lachman test and Pivot-shift test were used to estimate knee joint instability. The operation duration, knee range of motion (ROM) and the number of case with flexion contracture were evaluated. Results All 37 cases were followed up. The average follow-up duration was 16.35±5.27 months (range 10-22 months) in figure of 8 suture fixation group and 14.06±7.18 months (range 10-21 months) in ladder mesh suture fixation group. In figure of 8 suture fixation group, the Lysholm and IKDC average scores were 95.86±5.74 and 90.53±4.61, respectively. However, they were 96.53±3.17 and 92.15±5.54 in ladder mesh suture fixation group with no significant difference between the two groups after operation (t=0.723, P=0.462; t=1.018, P=0.279). The percentage of negative Lachman test and Pivot-shift test in the figure of 8 suture group was 92% (23/25) . There was no significant difference in the negative rate in the ladder mesh suture fixation group 100% (12/12, χ2=0.904, P=0.265). The average operation duration of ladder mesh suture fixation group was 61.8±6.3 minutes, which was longer than that of figure of 8 suture fixation group 43.5±5.9 minutes (t=2.714, P=0.025). Flexion contracture of ≥5° occurred in 4 cases in the figure of 8 suture group and 0 case in the ladder mesh suture fixation group with significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.450, P=0.032). Conclusion In treating ACL tibial avulsion fractures, arthroscopic figure of 8 suture fixation and ladder mesh suture fixation can achieve satisfied functional recovery and stability. The ladder mesh suture fixation can effectively achieve reduction of fracture fragments and knee flexion contracture. It may have more advantages in treating rotational type III and type IV comminuted fractures. However, some disadvantages in this technique, such as high technical requirements and long operation time, have to be considered. Key words: Arthroscopy; Sutures; Fracture fixation, internal; Anterior cruciate ligament

Ethique launches its latest conditioner bar

Ethique launches its latest conditioner bar

Progress of long non-coding RNA in pituitary adenoma

Pituitary adenoma is a common neuroendocrine tumor, and its complex pathogenesis makes its treatment a clinical problem. Recently, studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA), as a class of endogenous RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides and basically no protein-coding function, plays an important regulatory role in various forms in multiple tumors including pituitary adenoma, and is closely related to the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of pituitary adenoma. Based on the latest research status at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the research progress of LncRNA in pituitary adenoma, hoping to provide new ideas for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pituitary adenoma. Key words: Neuroendocrine tumors; Brain neoplasms; Long non-coding RNA

Progress in diagnosis and therapy of polycystic ovary syndrome

The etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is unknown, which is closely related to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. There are several controversies on PCOS diagnosis because of its diversity and heterogeneity in clinical manifestations. PCOS biomarkers have become a research hotspot. The methods of treatment include lifestyle interventions and improving metabolic dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and reproduction abnormality. This article reviews the latest research progress in the morbidity characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and the therapy of PCOS. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome; Diagnosis; Therapy

The 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium

Presenters at the recent San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS; December 10–14, 2019) reported the latest findings in breast cancer research. NEJM

Progress in the clinical research on the effects of early anesthetic exposure on the development of neurological system function in children

The number of pediatric surgery grows every year. Some studies found that long or repeated exposure to general anesthetics may affect the development of neurological system function in children. This finding is supported by a large number of animal researches currently, without sufficient clinical evidence. This review was to explore the effects of early anesthetic exposure on long-term neurodevelopment in children, so as to provide guidance to determine treatment method and surgery time. This review summarized the latest research progresses, and analyzed the association between early anesthetic exposure in childhood and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits and the sensitive period of the age exposed to anesthesia. At present, clinical researches involve different age populations and types of outcomes. Therefore, the interpretation of outcomes needs the combination of the age exposed to anesthesia, duration of exposure, sample size, outcome indicators, and other factors. It is found that anesthesia exposure in early childhood is associated with long-term neurological deficits, and affected by the frequency of anesthetic exposure to some extent. Key words: Children; Anesthesia; Neurotoxicity; Neurodevelopment

Psychosocial factors and chronic pain after breast cancer surgery

Chronic pain is one of the important factors that reduces the quality of life in breast cancer patients. With the development of biopsychosocial models of pain, the role of psychosocial factors has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. This article summarizes the latest studies concerning the psychosocial factors of breast cancer patients, reviews the psychosocial risk factors and protective factors related to chronic pain after breast cancer surgery, and introduces physiological mechanisms by which pain is closely associated with social psychology. At last, the psychotherapy currently used in clinical practice were mentioned as well. It is expected that clinicians pay more attention to the abnormal psychological condition of breast cancer patients, so as to reduce the occurrence of chronic pain and improve the overall prognosis of patients by adopting active and effective psychological interventions. Key words: Breast cancer; Chronic pain; Psychosocial; Psychotherapy