Latest Measurements Research Articles

Relationship Between Chronic Stress Measured by Allostatic Load and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the All of Us Research Program.

To assess the longitudinal relationship between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and allostatic load (AL), an established framework for quantifying the physiologic effects of chronic stress through measurements of systemic biomarkers. Retrospective case-control study. Participants of the National Institutes of Health All of Us (AoU) Research Program with complete AL biomarker data between February 1985 to May 2022 and with (cases) or without (controls) AMD were identified. AL scores were calculated using the adapted Seeman AL scale consisting of 10 systemic biomarkers: body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glomerular filtration rate, albumin, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine. AL score was defined as the number of biomarkers with measurements in the highest risk quartiles. Age was calculated as the median age at time of earliest or latest biomarker measurements. The main outcome was AMD status (AMD or non-AMD). Logistic regression models assessed the association between AL score and AMD after standardization of age and sex and adjustment for race/ethnicity and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Mediation analysis estimated the relationship between race/ethnicity and AMD as mediated by AL score. Among 1,530 participants (221 cases, 1,309 controls) with complete biomarker data, there were 44.6% males, 76.1% non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), 18.6% other specified race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, or Hispanic race/ethnicity), and 5.3% unspecified race/ethnicity. AL scores measured a median of 9.0 (IQR=5.0-14.0) years prior to diagnosis were higher among cases compared to controls (Median [IQR] = 2 [2-4] versus 2 [1-3]; p=0.02). On multivariable analysis, higher baseline AL score (OR=1.11) and greater pack-years (OR=1.15 per 10 pack-years) conferred higher risk of AMD (p≤0.02). Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect that increased risk of AMD among other specified race/ethnicity participants compared to NHW participants through higher AL score (OR=1.07 per unit [1.01-1.15]). All of Us participants diagnosed with AMD had greater AL score 9.0 years prior to AMD diagnosis. Chronic stress appears to increase risk for AMD and may contribute to racial/ethnic differences in disease prevalence.

A numerical study of unusual flux decreases for cosmic ray protons and electrons observed by Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer in 2017

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), installed on the International Space Station, delivers precision measurements of cosmic proton fluxes and electron fluxes, providing unique inputs to further improve our understanding of the solar modulation of cosmic protons and electrons. The latest measurements published by AMS show significant decreases in daily cosmic proton fluxes and electron fluxes in the second half of 2017 (approximately from June 11, 2017 to December 23, 2017). A special structure, known as a loop, appears in the electron-proton hysteresis during this period. These declining fluxes, as well as their recovery toward solar minimum modulation, could be attributed to solar wind structures such as global merged interaction regions (GMIRs), which can affect cosmic ray flux for several months, as well as coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We aim to find the reason for the decrease and clarify the solar modulation mechanism underlying the loop structure. We developed a 3D numerical model based on Parker transport equation, which is solved as a set of stochastic differential equations, combined with diffusion barriers propagating away from the Sun. Correspondingly, the relevant parameters can be tuned up. The unusual changes in cosmic proton fluxes and electron fluxes in the second half of 2017 could be caused by CMEs and GMIRs. The decreases in these fluxes in 2017, with rigidities below 11 GV, have been successfully reproduced. Daily variations at Earth in terms of the diffusion coefficients (and their mean-free paths) were subsequently obtained. Furthermore, our simulation reveals that the electron-proton hysteresis loop structure in 2017 results from the different responses of protons and electrons to solar modulation, especially with respect to drift and diffusion processes in the heliosphere.

The Microlensing Event Rate and Optical Depth from MOA-II 9 Yr Survey Toward the Galactic Bulge

Abstract We present measurements of the microlensing optical depth and event rate toward the Galactic bulge using the data set from the 2006 to 2014 MOA-II survey, which covers 22 bulge fields spanning ∼42 deg2 between −5° < l < 10° and −7° < b < −1°. In the central region with ∣l∣ < 5°, we estimate an optical depth of τ = [ 1.75 ± 0.04 ] × 1 0 − 6 exp [ ( 0.34 ± 0.02 ) ( 3 ∘ − ∣ b ∣ ) ] and an event rate of Γ = [16.08 ± 0.28] × 10−6 exp [ ( 0.44 ± 0.02 ) ( 3 ∘ − ∣ b ∣ ) ] star − 1 yr − 1 using a sample consisting of 3525 microlensing events, with Einstein radius crossing times of t E < 760 days and a source star magnitude of I s < 21.4 mag. We confirm our results are consistent with the latest measurements from the OGLE-IV 8 yr data set. We find our result is inconsistent with a prediction based on Galactic models, especially in the central region with ∣b∣ < 3°. These results can be used to improve the Galactic bulge model, and more central regions can be further elucidated by upcoming microlensing experiments, such as the PRime-focus Infrared Microlensing Experiment and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.

VENCON 2.0: a Fast and Reliable Design Tool for Concrete Road Pavements (jointed and continuously reinforced applications)

In the Netherlands, concrete pavements varying from low volume country roads to dual carriage motorways, are designed with the ‘VENCON 1.0’ program. This program has been developed in the eighties and was originally meant for the design of jointed concrete pavements. An enquiry amongst the users revealed the need for an update towards the Windows operating system but also a technical update became necessary. The update also gave an opportunity to reconsider the design models, to incorporate CRCP design and ‘standardise’ input data such as the latest practical measurement data from axle loads and tyre spectra of vehicles as well as temperature gradients in the concrete pavement. The classical Westergaard formulae for thickness calculation of concrete layers were extended with Van Cauwelaert's closed form solutions to cater for bound base layers. The ‘Delft University tensile member model’ is used to design the reinforcement and to predict the cracking pattern of the continuously reinforced concrete pavement. This model is validated with in-situ measurements of two CRCP roads. The program distinguishes three user levels (junior, senior, expert). VENCON 2.0 was developed under CROW’s responsibility and came onto the market in early 2005. It is used to design both jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP) and continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP). This paper provides an outline of the calculation process and the main improvements to the program.

Non-Markovian Feedback for Optimized Quantum Error Correction.

Bosonic codes allow the encoding of a logical qubit in a single component device, utilizing the infinitely large Hilbert space of a harmonic oscillator. In particular, the Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill code has recently been demonstrated to be correctable well beyond the break-even point of the best passive encoding in the same system. Current approaches to quantum error correction (QEC) for this system are based on protocols that use feedback, but the response is based only on the latest measurement outcome. In our work, we use the recently proposed feedback-GRAPE (gradient-ascent pulse engineering with feedback) method to train a recurrent neural network that provides a QEC scheme based on memory, responding in a non-Markovian way to the full history of previous measurement outcomes, optimizing all subsequent unitary operations. This approach significantly outperforms current strategies and paves the way for more powerful measurement-based QEC protocols.

Gas thermodynamics meets galaxy kinematics: Joint mass measurements for eROSITA galaxy clusters

The mass of galaxy clusters is a critical quantity for probing cluster cosmology and testing theories of gravity, but its measurement could be biased, given that assumptions are inevitable in order to make use of any approach. In this paper, we employ and compare two mass proxies for galaxy clusters: thermodynamics of the intracluster medium and kinematics of member galaxies. We selected 22 galaxy clusters from the cluster catalog in the first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) that have sufficient optical and near-infrared observations. We generated multiband images in the energy range of (0.3, 7) keV for each cluster, and derived their temperature profiles, gas mass profiles, and hydrostatic mass profiles using a parametric approach that does not assume dark matter halo models. With spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies collected from multiple surveys, we numerically solved the spherical Jeans equation for their dynamical mass profiles. Our results quantify the correlation between dynamical mass and the line-of-sight velocity dispersion, $ dyn los ^2r_ proj /G) - (3.87 with a root mean square (rms) scatter of 0.14 dex. We find that the two mass proxies lead to roughly the same total mass, with no observed systematic bias. As such, the $ tension is not specific to hydrostatic mass or weak lensing shears, but also appears with galaxy kinematics. Interestingly, the hydrostatic-to-dynamical mass ratios decrease slightly toward large radii, which could possibly be evidence for accreting galaxies in the outskirts. We also compared our hydrostatic masses with the latest weak lensing masses inferred with scaling relations. The comparison shows that the weak lensing mass is significantly higher than our hydrostatic mass by sim 110<!PCT!>. This might explain the significantly larger value of $ from the latest measurement using eRASS1 clusters than almost all previous estimates in the literature. Finally, we tested the radial acceleration relation established in disk galaxies. We confirm the missing baryon problem in the inner region of galaxy clusters using three independent mass proxies for the first time. As ongoing and planned surveys are providing deeper X-ray observations and more galaxy spectra for cluster members, we expect to extend the study to cluster outskirts in the near future.

Postnatal Outcomes in Cases of Prenatally Detected Dilated Fetal Bladder

Objectives: To explore the long-term outcomes in foetuses presenting with an enlarged bladder antenatally. Methods - Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted over a 15-year period between 2003 and 2018. Setting and participants: Foetuses suspected to have enlarged bladders antenatally were included. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Analyses were done based on the trimester the enlarged bladder was detected, live births, terminations, surgical interventions, creatinine levels and bladder measurements post-delivery, and subsequent health outcomes. Results: From the 50 foetuses identified prenatally, detections were as follows: first trimester (9 cases), second trimester (30 cases), and third trimester (11 cases). There were 14 terminations (28%), 5 stillbirths (10%), and 31 live births (62%). Among the terminated and stillbirth/neonatal death cases, the most frequent diagnosis in males was PUV (57%). Two female foetuses were terminated due to lumbosacral spina bifida and sacrococcygeal teratoma obstructing the ureters, respectively. In surviving males, PUV was predominant (48.3% of 29 males). In five cases megacystis had resolved by birth, including one following in-utero surgery. Among the two female cases, one issue was resolved by birth, and the second had bilateral ureteroceles. Post-birth, surgical intervention was needed in 61% of males and 50% of females. The commonest surgery was ablation of posterior urethral valves. The median age for surgery was 1.5 months with a median follow-up of 4 years and the longest follow-up of fourteen years. Six children had no postnatal renal or urological follow-up. The mean peak creatinine level was 132, dropping to 47 in the latest measurement. Half of the patients with pathology evident at birth exhibited abnormal bladder function. There was one neonatal death. Three patients necessitated a kidney transplant due to chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Foetuses diagnosed with an enlarged bladder in the second trimester most frequently had the posterior urethral valve as the underlying cause. For patients continuing the pregnancy, most had live births. About 1 in 10 posterior urethral valve survivors developed chronic kidney conditions, leading to a renal transplant.

An Examination of Drug Consumption among the Royal Malaysia Police

Since the 1970s, there have been statistics and reports of illegal drug use by the Royal Malaysia Police. The Royal Malaysia Police has developed various methods for combatting the issue of dangerous drug consumption among its ranks. Exercising the powers conferred to the Royal Malaysian Police by the Police Act 1967 while being under the influence of dangerous drugs is detrimental to society and the safety of the nation. This paper will investigate the illegal consumption of drugs in the Royal Malaysian Police Force, the potential consequences, and the preventive measures available. It will also review methods implemented by other police forces that have been effective. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current statistics of drug consumption among the Royal Malaysia Police and ascertain the effectiveness of the available preventive measures and legislation. The analysis is based on the review of existing literature and the latest measures taken in relation to illegal drug consumption in the Malaysian police force.

Upper Limit of Sound Speed in Nuclear Matter: A Harmonious Interplay of Transport Calculation and Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamic Constraint

Very recently, it has been shown that there is an upper bound on the squared sound speed of nuclear matter from the transport, which reads cs2≤0.781 . In this work, we demonstrate that this upper bound is corroborated by the reconstructed equation of state (EOS; modeled with a nonparametric method) for ultradense matter. The reconstruction integrates multimessenger observation for neutron stars, in particular, the latest radius measurements for PSR J0437–4715 ( 11.36−0.63+0.95 km), PSR J0030+0451 ( 11.71−0.83+0.88 km, in the ST+PDT model), and PSR J0740+6620 ( 12.49−0.88+1.28 km) by NICER have been adopted. The result shows in all cases, the cs2≤0.781 upper limit for EOS will naturally yield the properties of matter near the center of the massive neutron star consistent with the causality-driven constraint from pQCD, where, in practice, the density in implementing the pQCD likelihood (n L) is applied at 10ns (where ns is the nuclear saturation density). We also note that there is a strong correlation for the maximum c s 2 with n L, and cs2≤0.781 is somehow violated when n L = n c,TOV. The result indicates that a higher n L, even considering the uncertainties from statistics, is more natural. Moreover, the remarkable agreement between the outcomes derived from these two distinct and independent constraints (i.e., the transport calculation and pQCD boundary) lends strong support to their validity. In addition, the latest joint constraint for R 1.4, R 2.0, R 1.4 − R 2.0, and M TOV are 11.94−0.68+0.77 km, 11.99−0.67+0.88 km, −0.1−0.27+0.42 km, and 2.24−0.10+0.13M⊙ (at 90% credible level), respectively.

Early and late observational tension: dark energy parametrizations in horava-lifshitz gravity via baryon acoustic oscillations

We investigate late-time cosmic expansion within the Horava Lifshitz gravity framework using Barboza Alcaniz (BA) and Jassal Bagla Padmanabhan Parametrizations (JBP) as alternatives to general relativity. Anisotropic scaling is introduced at ultraviolet scales. Our aim is to constrain each cosmological parameter using the crucial Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scale, specifically the sound horizon (r d ), by treating (r d ) as a free parameter. We employ 30 Hubble parameter measurements (H(z)) from cosmic chronometers, along with Type Ia Supernovae, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Quasars, and 24 uncorrelated BAO measurements spanning z = 0.106 to z = 2.33. The analysis includes the 2022 Hubble constant measurement by Riess (R22) as an additional prior and aims to minimize errors by simulating random correlations in the covariance matrix. In both the BA and JBP frameworks, utilizing the full dataset yields sound horizon results of r d = 146.5399 ± 2.4519 Mpc and r d = 146.4533 ± 2.4519 Mpc, respectively. When incorporating R22 results, the sound horizon values become r d = 143.4721 ± 1.8324 Mpc and r d = 142.9826 ± 1.9084 Mpc. These findings reveal a discrepancy between early and late observations, echoing the H 0 tension. Notably, excluding R22 aligns r d with Planck and SDSS results. Model predictions are evaluated against Hubble Measurements and the ΛCDM Paradigm. A comparative study between BA and JBP Models using the Cosmography test shows both models fitting seamlessly within the phantom region. Statistical analysis suggests neither model can be ruled out based on the latest observational measurements.

Nonuniversality of heavy quark hadronization in elementary high-energy collisions

It has been traditionally hypothesized that the heavy quark (charm c and bottom b) fragmentation is universal across different collision systems, based on the notion that hadronization as a soft process should occur at the characteristic nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) scale, ΛQCD. However, this universality hypothesis has recently been challenged by the observation that the c- and b-baryon production relative to their meson counterparts in minimum bias proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies is significantly enhanced as compared to the electron-positron (e+e−) collisions. The conception of nonuniversality is unambiguously reinforced by the latest measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the b-baryon–to–meson yield ratio, Λb/B, by the LHCb experiment in s=13TeVpp collisions at the LHC, evolving continuously from the saturation value in minimum bias pp collisions toward the small value in e+e− collisions as the system size gradually reduces. We address the multiplicity dependence of b-baryon production in the canonical statistical hadronization model with input b-hadron spectrum augmented with many hitherto unobserved states from quark model predictions. We demonstrate that the decreasing trend of the Λb/B toward low multiplicities can be quantitatively understood from the canonical suppression on the yield of Λb, as caused by the requirement of strict conservation of baryon number in sufficiently small systems. We have therefore proposed a plausible scenario for understanding the origin of the nonuniversality of heavy quark fragmentation in elementary collisions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Evaluation of imaging dose for the cone beam computed tomography system of the ring-shaped radiotherapy unit using the different International Electrotechnical Commission approaches

PurposeDaily imaging is mandatory for the Halcyon and Ethos, which are the new ring-shaped radiotherapy units. This study quantified the imaging dose of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system of the new ring-shaped radiotherapy units using the latest International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) measurement approach. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of collimation width on the imaging dose and compared the imaging dose values obtained using three IEC measurement approaches. MethodsThe IEC has proposed three approaches for measuring CTDI100: traditional, transition, and the latest measurement approach. In addition to the dose measured on the CTDI phantom, the latest IEC approach uses correction factors measured in free air for CTDI100 measurement. The imaging dose was measured for all scanning protocols using the latest IEC approach. To investigate the influence of the collimation width on the imaging dose, the associated dose metric values were evaluated and compared using different IEC approaches to increase the collimation width (2–28 cm). Furthermore, the imaging system output stability was evaluated by repeated measurements. ResultsIn the repeated measurements, the standard deviation of CTDIw value for the pelvis and head protocol was 0.05 mGy and 0.01 mGy, respectively. And the coefficient of variation was 0.21% and 0.23%, respectively. The measured CTDIw values of the clinical protocols were higher than the vendor-provided value, except for the pelvis protocol. The value of CTDIw changes little with increasing collimation width using the latest IEC approach. The traditional and transition approaches either underestimated or overestimated the value of CTDIw, as measured by the latest IEC approach, with increasing collimation width. ConclusionsThe new ring-shaped radiotherapy units imaging system has good output stability. The CTDIw values measured for clinical scanning protocols generally exceeded the vendor-provided values. Compared with the latest IEC CTDI100 measurement approach, the traditional and transition measurement approaches were more influenced by beam width. For wide CBCT scans, rationalizing the choice of imaging dose measurement approach is important.

Semantic feature salience matters: new values of significance and relative weight for the Spanish feature norms for young and older adults

AbstractTo determine the semantic importance of certain features has been a topic of interest for many semantic memory models. Diverse measures have been proposed in the last years. Semantic significance, the latest measure proposed by Montefinese and colleagues, is both sophisticated and comprehensive. Given the cultural and linguistic variability of semantic measures, this study presents values of significance and relative weight for the Spanish-speaking population corresponding to 400 concrete concepts. First, we presented data for both young and older adults. Second, we assessed the effect of significance on response times in two speeded feature verification tasks. Third, we compared significance values with the existing Italian significance norms. To evaluate the effect of significance to predict response times, two speeded verification tasks (Experiment 1 and 2) were carried out, selecting a total of a 130 concepts for analysis. In Experiment 1, subjects were presented with a feature followed by a concept, while in Experiment 2, the order of stimulus presentation was reversed (i.e., the concept was presented before the feature). An independent linear mixed model showed that significance was a good predictor of response latencies in Experiments 1 and 2. Moreover, results revealed a strong positive correlation between the Spanish and Italian significance values. Findings are discussed in terms of recent theories of semantic cognition.

Magnetometry for the Muon g-2 Experiment

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment with a precision of 140 parts per billion (ppb). The collaboration has published the latest measurement based on the first three Runs (collected from 2018 to 2020) in August 2023 with a precision of 200 ppb. The experiment accumulated three more years of data, from 2020 to 2023, which are currently being analyzed. This additional statistic is sufficient to achieve and possibly exceed the goal of 100 ppb of final statistical uncertainty. As the statistical error reduces, increasing attention is dedicated to studying systematic uncertainties. Among them, one source is a magnetic transient generated by the fast kickers. To center the muon orbit into its final position in the storage ring, three kickers emit a 120 ns magnetic pulse of ∼240 G, right after injection. This, however, induces eddy currents in the kicker aluminum structure that last for several microseconds. To measure the 10 mG magnetic perturbations generated by the eddy currents, the INFN team developed a laser magnetometer based on the Faraday effect. This article describes the technical principles, operations, and data analysis of this very sensitive device.

Electron impact excitation of bismuth

Abstract The present study investigates the electron impact excitation of bismuth from the ground state 6p3 4S3/2 to the excited state 6p27s 4P1/2. Motivated by the latest measurements by Marinković et al [J. Phys. B, 49 23 520 (2016)], relativistic distorted wave calculations are performed to obtain the differential and integrated cross sections for incident electron energies at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 eVs. These results are compared with the available experimental data and a good agreement is observed. Our results represent the first theoretical work to provide such a comparison. Additionally, we report the generalized oscillator strengths derived from our calculated differential cross sections.

The 21-cm signal during the end stages of reionization

ABSTRACT During the epoch of reionization (EoR), the 21-cm signal allows direct observation of the neutral hydrogen (H i) in the intergalactic medium (IGM). In the post-reionization era, this signal instead probes H i in galaxies, which traces the dark matter density distribution. With new numerical simulations, we investigated the end stages of reionization to elucidate the transition of our Universe into the post-reionization era. Our models are consistent with the latest high-redshift measurements, including ultraviolet (UV) luminosity functions up to redshift $\simeq$8. Notably, these models consistently reproduced the evolution of the UV photon background, which is constrained from Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption spectra. We studied the dependence of this background on the nature of photon sinks in the IGM, requiring mean free path of UV photons to be $\sim$10 comoving-megaparsecs (cMpc) during the EoR that increases gradually with time during late stages ($z\lesssim 6$). Our models revealed that the reionization of the IGM transitioned from an inside-out to an outside-in process when the Universe is less than 0.01 per cent neutral. During this epoch, the 21-cm signal also shifted from probing predominantly the H i in the IGM to that in galaxies. Furthermore, we identified a statistically significant number of large neutral islands (with sizes up to 40 cMpc) persisting until very late stages ($5 \lesssim z \lesssim 6$) that can imprint features in Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption spectra and also produce a knee-like feature in the 21-cm power spectrum.

Medium-assisted enhancement of χc1(3872) production from small to large colliding systems

Studies of exotic hadrons such as the χc1(3872) state provide crucial insights into the fundamental force governing the strong interaction dynamics, with an emerging frontier to investigate their production in high energy collisions where a partonic medium is present. The latest experimental measurements from the Large Hadron Collider show an intriguing evolution pattern of the χc1(3872)-to-ψ(2S) yield ratio from proton-proton collisions with increasing multiplicities toward proton-lead and lead-lead collisions. Here we propose a mechanism of medium-assisted enhancement for the χc1(3872) production, which competes with the more conventional absorption-induced suppression and results in a nonmonotonic trend from small to large colliding systems. Realistic simulations from this model offer a quantitative description of all available data. Predictions are made for the centrality dependence of this observable in PbPb collisions as well as for its system-size dependence from OO and ArAr to XeXe and PbPb collisions. In both cases, a nonmonotonic behavior emerges as the imprint of the competition between enhancement and suppression and can be readily tested by future data. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Photoelastic measurements and evaluation methods for edge stress in architectural tempered glass

The mechanical and safety-relevant properties of tempered architectural glass are tested using destructive bending strength and fracture pattern tests. The edge stress provides essential information on the quality of the tempering process and can, therefore, be used to ensure quality characteristics. The paper shows that the current valid evaluation method for edge stress, according to ASTM C 1279-09, is unsuitable for architectural glass. The chamfer which is required for tempered glass by the European standards for tempered glass prevents the direct measurement of retardation and edge stress. Therefore, an extrapolation of the retardation curve towards the edge is necessary. The paper compares fitting functions of different polynomial degrees to determine and assess the edge stress. The objective is to develop a proper evaluation method of edge stress for quality control in the latest inline measurement systems which can be applied to replace operator-dependent measuring devices. The study presents appropriate methods and evaluates them through experimental investigations using the phase shift technique and multiple wavelength photoelasticity.

Distributed state estimation with compressed and synchronized auxiliary particle filters using graph theory

In this paper, we propose a novel compressed distributed auxiliary particle filter that uses graph theory (CDAPF-GT) to reduce the communication cost and improve the estimation accuracy of a nonlinear state space model. Our method compresses the global loglikelihood function into a set of parameters that are updated by an average consensus algorithm over a network of nodes. Unlike the existing methods, our method synchronizes the particle sets among all the nodes and uses the latest measurements to construct a better proposal distribution. Our method is suitable for applications that require fast and reliable distributed state estimation. We show through various simulation scenarios that our method outperforms the common counterpart method in terms of estimation accuracy with the same level of communication.

Addressing the rd tension using late-time observational measurements in a novel deceleration parametrization

This paper introduces a novel cosmological model aimed at probing the accelerated expansion of the late Universe through a unique parametrization of the deceleration parameter. We aim to constrain key cosmic parameters by integrating recent measurements of the Hubble parameter obtained from various observational methods, including cosmic chronometers, Type Ia Supernovae, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRB), Quasars, and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) from recent galaxy surveys. With a redshift range spanning 0.106<z<2.33 and incorporating the latest Hubble constant measurement from Riess in 2022, our analysis yields optimal fit values for the Hubble parameter (H0) and sound horizon (rd). Notably, we uncover an inconsistency in H0 values derived from late-time observational measurements, reflecting the well-known H0 tension. In terms of rd, while there is close agreement between Joint analysis and Joint analysis with R22, discrepancies arise upon gradual inclusion of BAO and BAO with R22 datasets. Our model demonstrates excellent fit to observed data and aligns well with the standard ΛCDM paradigm at higher redshifts. However, its most intriguing aspect lies in predicting a super-accelerated expansion in the distant future, in contrast to the de Sitter phase predicted by ΛCDM. Additionally, unique behaviors in the jerk parameter hint at novel dynamics beyond traditional cosmological models. Statefinder and Om Diagnostics tests were conducted, and comparison using the Akaike information criterion indicates neither model can be ruled out based on the latest observational measurements. These findings propose our cosmological model as a compelling alternative to ΛCDM, offering fresh insights into dark energy's nature and the cosmos' future.