Latest Improvements Research Articles

Improvements of bat algorithm for optimal feature selection: A systematic literature review

Bat Algorithm (BA) has been extensively applied as an optimal Feature Selection (FS) technique for solving a wide variety of optimization problems due to its impressive characteristics compared to other swarm intelligence methods. Nevertheless, BA still suffers from several problems such as poor exploration search, falling into local optima, and has many parameters that need to be controlled appropriately. Consequently, many researchers have proposed different techniques to handle such problems. However, there is a lack of systematic review on BA which could shed light on its variants. In the literature, several review papers have been reported, however, such studies were neither systematic nor comprehensive enough. Most studies did not report specifically which components of BA was modified. The range of improvements made to the BA varies, which often difficult for any enhancement to be accomplished if not properly addressed. Given such limitations, this study aims to review and analyse the recent variants of latest improvements in BA for optimal feature selection. The study has employed a standard systematic literature review method on four scientific databases namely, IEEE Xplore, ACM, Springer, and Science Direct. As a result, 147 research publications over the last ten years have been collected, investigated, and summarized. Several critical and significant findings based on the literature reviewed were reported in this paper which can be used as a guideline for the scientists in the future to do further research.

Recent advances on perfect light absorbers and their promise for high-performance opto-electronic devices [Invited

Perfect absorbers (PAs) are devices that can efficiently absorb electromagnetic waves. Great attention has been attracted since metamaterial PAs (MPAs) were first proposed in 2008. In recent years, with the development of nanophotonics and the improvement of nanomanufacturing technology, considerable progresses have been achieved in designing MPAs using new materials and new structures. In this review, we summarized first the latest developments of PAs from five directions: dual-band, multi-band, wideband, narrow-band, and tunable light absorption. The shortcomings of the previous PAs and the latest improvements were introduced as well. Then, the application of perfect absorption in solar cells, sensors, switches, and structural colors was discussed. Finally, we presented the main challenges and prospects in these fields. Novel PAs for applications in a wide field of opto-electronic devices will continuously progress with breakthrough advances in absorbers related technology and science.

Single-photon emission computed tomography as a fundamental tool in evaluation of myocardial reparation and regeneration therapies.

Despite unquestionable progress in interventional and pharmacologic therapies of ischemic heart disease, the number of patients with chronic ischemic heart failure is increasing and the prognosis remains poor. Repair/restoration of functional myocardium through progenitor cell-mediated (PCs) healing and renovation of injured myocardium is one of the pivotal directions in biomedical research. PCs release numerous pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic factors. Moreover, they have self-renewal capability and may differentiate into specialized cells that include endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Uptake and homing of PCs in the zone(s) of ischaemic injury (i.e., their effective transplantation to the target zone) is an essential pre-requisite for any potential therapeutic effect; thus effective cell tracking is fundamental in pre-clinical and early clinical studies. Another crucial requirement in rigorous research is quantification of the infarct zone, including the amount of non-perfused and hypo-perfused myocardium. Quantitative and reproducible evaluation of global and regional myocardial contractility and left ventricular remodeling is particularly relevant in clinical studies. Using SPECT, our earlier work has addressed several critical questions in cardiac regenerative medicine including optimizing transcoronary cell delivery, determination of the zone(s) of myocardial cell uptake, and late functional improvement in relation to the magnitude of cell uptake. Here, we review the role of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), a technique that offers high-sensitivity, quantitative cell tracking on top of its ability to evaluate myocardial perfusion and function on both cross-sectional and longitudinal bases. SPECT, with its direct relevance to routine clinical practice, is a fundamental tool in evaluation of myocardial reparation and regeneration therapies.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Effect of Red Blood Cell Suspension Infusion in Children

Objective: The related factors of no improvement of hypoxia and ineffective infusion were analyzed to provide new ideas, clinical observation and evaluation pathway for RBC transfusion in clinical children. Methods: Retrospective analysis from January 2020 to December 2020, Guangzhou women and children’s medical center hospital in the emergency observation room of 249 children under 1 month to 18 years of blood cell suspension infusion, analyze the clinical effect of red blood cell infusion and children gender, age, fever after transfusion, disease type, delay transfusion. The possible influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Invalid transfusion was associated with the type of transfusion product (P = 0.032), logistic regression analysis showed that patients infused with washed RBC suspension were 3.231 times more likely to not achieve the expected effect than those infused with RBC suspension (P = 0.025). Failure transfusion was associated with the type of transfusion products. In ineffective transfusion was closely related to post-transfusion fever (P P P = 0.031). Logistic regression analysis showed that fever after transfusion was a risk factor for no improvement of hypoxia (OR = 5.809, P = 0.001), and the improvement of hypoxia in adolescent children was 10.744 times higher than that of infants (0 - 3 years old). Late transfusion hypoxia improvement was 4.212 times more likely to achieve no effect than timely transfusion. If ineffective infusion of red blood cells is considered and hypoxia after transfusion is not improved, univariate suggests a close correlation with fever after transfusion (P = 0.002), logistic regression analysis showed that fever after transfusion was an independent risk factor (OR = 7.258, P = 0.002). Conclusion: There was no correlation between the ineffective transfusion of red blood cells and the type of disease affected in the child. Infusion of red cell suspension has an advantage over the wash red cell infusion. Ineffective RBC transfusion and no improvement in hypoxia after transfusion were closely related to post-transfusion fever, with no difference between children in all age groups. Red blood cell infusion in pediatric clinical treatment activities should pay attention to adolescent children, especially female children to give more attention, and give timely red blood cell infusion as much as possible.

A Consensus-Based Global Optimization Method with Adaptive Momentum Estimation

Objective functions in large-scale machine-learning and artificial intelligence applications often live in high dimensions with strong non-convexity and massive local minima. First-order methods, such as the stochastic gradient method and Adam, are often used to find global minima. Recently, the consensus-based optimization (CBO) method has been introduced as one of the gradient-free optimization methods and its convergence is proven with dimension-dependent parameters, which may suffer from the curse of dimensionality. By replacing the isotropic geometric Brownian motion with the component-wise one, the latest improvement of the CBO method is guaranteed to converge to the global minimizer with dimension-independent parameters, although the initial data need to be well-chosen. In this paper, based on the CBO method and Adam, we propose a consensus-based global optimization method with adaptive momentum estimation (Adam-CBO). Advantages of the Adam-CBO method include: (1) capable of finding global minima of non-convex objective functions with high success rates and low costs; (2) can handle non-differentiable activation functions and thus approximate low-regularity functions with better accuracy. The former is verified by approximating the $1000$ dimensional Rastrigin function with $100\%$ success rate at a cost only growing linearly with respect to the dimensionality. The latter is confirmed by solving a machine learning task for partial differential equations with low-regularity solutions where the Adam-CBO method provides better results than the state-of-the-art method Adam. A linear stability analysis is provided to understand the asymptotic behavior of the Adam-CBO method.

Heterogeneity and function of macrophages in the breast during homeostasis and cancer.

Macrophages are diverse immune cells populating all tissues and adopting a unique tissue-specific identity. Breast macrophages play an essential role in the development and function of the mammary gland over one's lifetime. In the recent years, with the development of fate-mapping, imaging and scRNA-seq technologies we grew a better understanding of the origin, heterogeneity and function of mammary macrophages in homeostasis but also during breast cancer development. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the latest improvements in studying the macrophage heterogeneity in healthy mammary tissues and breast cancer.

THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS IN I-BEAMS PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD

<p>Some specific aspects in the state of art regarding the improvements related to I-beams and parallel flanged I-beams production are presented in this paper. One practical solution in the variety of the conversions of the classical to the universal rolling stands is described in some more detail, as well as an overview of the latest improvements in I-beams and parallel flanged I-beams production in the world. So-called INP I-beams have tapered flanges v.s. parallel flanges concerned with parallel flanged I-beams, which are very difficult to be produced on classical rolling mills stands, but much easier and better to be produced on so-called universal rolling stands. Since the universal stands are expensive and are very difficult to fix at the existing rolling mills with classical rolling stands, then a conversion of classical to the universal rolling mills stands is the cheapest satisfactory solution. In a short overview are as well presented state of art technological improvements in parallel flanged I-beams production. </p>

303 Longitudinal arrhythmic risk assessment based on ejection fraction in patients with recent-onset non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract Aims Practice guidelines suggest implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35% despite 3–6 months of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). It remains unclear whether this strategy is appropriate for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), who can experience reverse ventricular remodelling for up to 24 months after initiation of GDMT. We sought to assess the longitudinal dynamic relationship between LVEF ≤35% and arrhythmic risk in patients with recent onset non-ischaemic DCM under GDMT. Methods and results We performed a competitive risk analysis on patients with recent onset DCM (≤6 months) and recent initiation of GDMT (≤3 months), consecutively enrolled in a longitudinal registry. We assessed risk of major ventricular arrhythmic events or sudden cardiac death (MVAs/SCD) in relationship to LVEF ≤35% at enrollment, 6-months and 24-months post initiation of GDMT. 544 patients met inclusion criteria. LVEF ≤35% identified patients with increased risk of MVAs/SCD starting from 24-months after initiation of GDMT (hazards ratio: 2.126, 95% confidence interval: 1.065–4.245, P = 0.03). However, LVEF ≤35% at presentation or at 6 months post enrollment did not have prognostic significance. 67% of patients with LVEF ≤35% at 6 months after initiation of GDMT improved their LVEF to > 35% by 24 months. This late LVEF improvement correlated with a lower arrhythmic risk (P = 0.012) and was preceded by a reduction of LV dimensions in the first 6 months of GDMT. Conclusions In patients with DCM, risk stratification based on LVEF ≤35% is effective after 2 years of GDMT, but not after 6 months.

Recovery patterns in patients undergoing revision surgery of the primary knee prosthesis

PurposeDespite good survival rates of revised knee prostheses, little is known about recovery trajectories within the first 12 months after surgery. This retrospective observational study explored recovery trajectories in terms of pain, function and quality of life in patients after revision knee arthroplasty over 12 months.MethodsEighty-eight revision knee arthroplasty patients rated changes in daily physical functioning using the anchor question (0: very much worsened; 7: very much improved). Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) of pain (range 0–10), function (Oxford Knee Score) and quality of life (EQ-5D-3L) were assessed preoperatively, at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Four recovery trajectories were identified using the anchor question at 3 and 12 months postoperatively: no improvement, late improvement, early improvement, and prolonged improvement. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted with recovery trajectories as dependent variable and PROM assessments as independent variables.ResultsSixty percent reported improvement in daily physical functioning at 12 months postoperatively. Age and reason for revision differed between groups. Pain, function and EQ-5D-3L differed between groups over time. Late and prolonged improvement groups improved on all PROMs at 12 months. The early improvement group did not report improvement in daily physical functioning at 12 months, while improvements in function and pain during activity were observed.ConclusionsDifferent recovery trajectories seem to exist and mostly match PROMs scores over time. Not all patients may experience beneficial outcome of revision knee arthroplasty. These findings are of importance to provide appropriate information on possible recovery trajectories after revision knee arthroplasty to patients.Level of evidenceIII

Future Prospects in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Management

Despite numerous advances in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), survival with good neurological outcome did not improve significantly in the last years. The latest improvements and innovations from diagnosis to return of spontaneous circulation are discussed in this review. Education of the general population to life-saving techniques is mandatory in order to reduce the no-flow period. Sharpened education to cardiac arrest identification by dispatch centers and the use of mobile-phone applications dispatching nearby citizen to perform chest compressions also seem to be interesting leads. The systematic indexing of automated external defibrillators and drone-mediated on-scene delivery might reduce time-to-defibrillation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) aims to improve perfusion of major organs while reducing ischemia reperfusion injuries. Pre-hospital implementation of innovating medical responses such as resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta and extracorporeal circulation are currently being explored. The head and thorax elevation during CPR has also shown some promising results on experimental animal studies, but need to be confirmed by clinical studies. The question of optimal ventilation techniques is still under debate and invasive ventilation struggles to prove its superiority in the pre-hospital setting. Many current research studies are reconsidering the use of historical treatments of OHCA, such as epinephrine or amiodarone. Finally, the growing concern for good neurological outcome displayed by recent major clinical studies reflects the newly emphasized critical issue of neuroprotection during cardiac arrest.

On the numerical study of fatigue process in rail heads by means of an isotropic damage based high-cycle fatigue constitutive law

The fatigue phenomenon has been historically related to the railway industry. Nowadays, thanks to the high quality of the materials used, most of the recorded problems have been overcome although there are still degradation processes which are associated to fatigue and need to be considered for the definition of the maintenance campaigns and the general progress of the sector. In this paper, the latest improvements in the isotropic damage based high-cycle fatigue constitutive law proposed by Oller et al. (2005) are presented and the approach is used for the study of two regions of the railway path where fatigue mechanisms are experimentally detected: a straight section and a crossing element. The analysis of the affected areas is performed through a finite element simulation identifying the critical regions liable to the fatigue degradation when the structure interacts with high speed vehicles and predicting the initiation of the degradation at the rail head while capturing the physics of the problem. The potential of the methodology is shown through the case studies and the current shortcomings and the future lines of research are clearly stated.

Factors affecting long-term changes of liver stiffness in direct-acting anti-hepatitis C virus therapy: A multicentre prospective study.

The long-term changes of liver stiffness (LS) in patients who achieve viral clearance after direct-acting anti-HCV therapy remain undefined. We conducted a multicentre prospective study to investigate this aspect. Patients with HCV infection treated with DAAs were enrolled from six Italian centres; they underwent clinical, biochemical, ultrasound and transient elastography evaluations before treatment (T0), 12weeks (SVR12) and 24months (T24) after the end of therapy. Among the 516 consecutive patients enrolled, 301 had cirrhosis. LS significantly decreased from T0 to SVR (14.3 vs 11.1kPa, p=.002), with a progressive reduction until T24 (8.7kPa, p<.001). However, only patients with steatosis and those who developed HCC did not experience a late improvement in LS. Multivariate analysis of baseline and follow-up variables identified steatosis as the only independent predictor of failure of LS improvement (OR 1.802, p=.013). ROC curve analysis of the association of LS with the risk of developing HCC showed that SVR12 ≥14.0kPa had the highest accuracy (sensitivity 82%, specificity 99%; AUC: 0.774). Multivariate analysis revealed that LS was the only variable independently associated with an increased risk of developing HCC (OR 6.470, p=.035). Achieving an SVR was associated with a progressive, long-term decline of LS, suggesting a late improvement in liver fibrosis, besides the resolution of inflammation. Fatty liver and the development of HCC interfered with late reduction of LS. Patients with an LS ≥14kPa at 12weeks after the end of treatment were at higher risk for developing HCC.

Development of the Universal Modelling Method mathematical model and the practice of its application

We present the latest improvements to the Universal Modelling Method for optimal gas-dynamic design of centrifugal compressors. The calculation of the gas velocity at the inlet to the impeller blade cascade was corrected. The flow restructuring scheme at the inlet to the impeller blade cascade has been refined. In accordance with this, the mathematical model of the non-incidence gas inlet to an impeller has been improved. A new approach to modelling the velocity diagram on the blade surfaces is proposed, based on the flow parameters corresponding to the non-incidence flow inlet. A mathematical model with quasi-three-dimensional approach to calculating losses in 3D impellers has been developed. The method of gas-dynamic functions is applied to the calculation of flow parameters in control sections. The new mathematical model was identified based on the test results of model stages and compressors. The mathematical model showed a 0.525% error in modelling efficiency of stages with 2D impellers for the design flow rate. For stages with 3D impellers, the modelling error is 0.889%. To verify the new model, the characteristics of 11 low-flow-rate model stages were calculated. The efficiency modelling error for the design flow rate is 1.08%. A series of model stages with a range of design flow rates coefficient 0.15–0.015 and design loading factor of 0.5 was designed. Four of these model stages were tested on the Gas dynamics of turbomachines laboratory ECC-55 test rig. The measured gas-dynamic characteristics confirmed those declared in the design.

КАК ВЫГЛЯДЕЛИ НАШИ ПРЕДКИ, ИЛИ ЧТО МОЖЕТ АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ?

Anthropological Reconstruction Laboratory of the Center for Physical Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS. The article relates the current state of the M.M. Gerasimov Laboratory of Anthropological Reconstruction of the Center for Physical Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences. Emphasizing the role of the founder of the method of face reconstruction from the skull, the author discusses the latest improvements to this method. The data bank on the thickness of the facial integument in representatives of various ethnic groups, and the accumulated experience with regard to the relationships between facial features and the underlying structures of the skull, made it possible to create a program of craniofacial correspondence ‘The Algorithm of Appearance’, which significantly improves the process of reconstructing in vivo appearance based on the skull. The visual reconstruction of the appearance is supplemented by an anthropological description of the lifetime appearance, in terms of the ‘verbal portrait’ used in forensic science. A description of a unique collection of more than 300 sculptural and graphic portraits made on the basis of the skulls of ancient people and historical figures is given. Based on the examples of specific projects, the possibilities of anthropological reconstruction for solving applied and theoretical problems of science are shown. The reconstruction of the appearance of soldiers killed in the Second World War is the key patriotic direction of the Laboratory s work. Based on the results of these reconstructions, several fi were identifi Th Laboratory is currently at work on reconstructing the lifetime appearance of A.V. Suvorov on the basis of a death mask.

Whey allergens: Influence of nonthermal processing treatments and their detection methods.

Whey and its components are recognized as value-added ingredients in infant formulas, beverages, sports nutritious foods, and other food products. Whey offers opportunities for the food industrial sector to develop functional foods with potential health benefits due to its unique physiological and functional attributes. Despite all the above importance, the consumption of whey protein (WP) can trigger hypersensitive reactions and is a constant threat for sensitive individuals. Although avoiding such food products is the most successful approach, there is still a chance of incorrect labeling and cross-contamination during food processing. As whey allergens in food products are cross-reactive, the phenomenon of homologous milk proteins of various species may escalate to a more serious problem. In this review, nonthermal processing technologies used to prevent and eliminate WP allergies are presented and discussed in detail. These processing technologies can either enhance or mitigate the impact of potential allergenicity. Therefore, the development of highly precise analytical technologies to detect and quantify the existence of whey allergens is of considerable importance. The present review is an attempt to cover all the updated approaches used for the detection of whey allergens in processed food products. Immunological and DNA-based assays are generally used for detecting allergenic proteins in processed food products. In addition, mass spectrometry is also employed as a preliminary technique for detection. We also highlighted the latest improvements in allergen detection toward biosensing strategies particularly immunosensors and aptasensors.

Use of drug-eluting stents in patients with critical limb ischemia and infrapopliteal arterial disease: a real-world single-center experience

BackgroundAlthough no drug-eluting stent (DES) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat infrapopliteal arterial disease, several industry-sponsored trials have reported the outcomes with the use of paclitaxel or sirolimus DESs. To the best of our knowledge, only one study to date has reported on the use of everolimus DESs for infrapopliteal arterial disease. In the present study, we analyzed the clinical outcomes with everolimus DESs in our real-world, single-center experience. MethodsA total of 107 limbs with critical limb threatening ischemia (98 patients; 118 lesions) treated with DESs (Xience; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, Calif) were analyzed. The postoperative early outcomes, major adverse limb events (above the ankle limb amputation or major intervention at 1 year), and major adverse events (death, amputation, target lesion thrombosis or reintervention) were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the primary patency rates (using duplex ultrasound), amputation-free rates, and amputation-free survival rates. ResultsOf the 118 lesions treated, 33% were in the anterior tibial artery, 28% were in the tibioperoneal (TP) artery, 21% were in the posterior tibial artery, 8% were in the peroneal artery, 5% were in the TP/posterior tibial artery, 4% were in the TP artery/PA, and 1% were in the TP/anterior tibial artery. The mean lesion length was 41 mm, and 59% were totally occluded (41% stenotic). The mean follow-up was 18.5 months (range, 1-70 months). The overall postoperative complication rate was 11% (2% major amputations), with 2% mortality. Late symptom improvement of one or more Rutherford category was obtained in 71%. The major adverse events rate at 30 days and 1 year was 12% and 45%, respectively. The major adverse limb events rate at 1 year was 15%. The overall primary patency rate was 42%. The primary patency rate at 1, 2, and 3 years was 57%, 45%, and 33%, respectively. The major amputation-free and overall amputation-free survival rates were 87%, 80%, and 77% and 76%, 65%, and 61% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. ConclusionsThe clinical outcomes after DES (Xience; Abbott Vascular) for infrapopliteal lesions were somewhat satisfactory at 1 year but inferior to the previously reported outcomes, especially at 3 years. Further data with long-term follow-up are needed.

NEW PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER. LIPOSOMES

In order to obtain antineoplastic compounds and innovative formulations, new technologies and testing methods are continuously being developed. Unfortunately, besides cancer cells, chemotherapy also affects normal cells. An option to avoid toxicity is represented by the targeted cancer treatment using novel pharmaceutical dosage forms.&#x0D; Liposomes represent a relatively new pharmaceutical dosage form, used for their many advantages. In this article, the methods of liposomal preparation are mentioned, along with the classification and the latest improvements involving this pharmaceutical form. The bioavailability of conventional liposomes is currently improved by developing photodynamic liposomes, pH or temperature sensitive liposomes and targeted liposomes.

Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL): Trends from 2010 to 2020 Using Text Analysis Techniques

Throughout the decade of 2010-2020, the widespread use of mobile devices of any type (smartphones, tablets) has encouraged and strengthened their use in different learning processes and in different ways. Latest improvements in devices’ processing power, in storage capacity, in memory allocation, in wireless connectivity, in GPS and in Bluetooth capabilities, has led to their wider integration and smoother use in the field of learning and in the field of language learning as well. This study examined the trend of a large number of academic studies concerning Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) using text analysis techniques and tools, published in the decade 2010-2020. Over three hundred and forty (340) publications such as journal articles, conferences proceedings papers, books chapters and books were retrieved and analyzed. The preliminary analysis presents the main characteristics and the research trends of this decade and discuss how the field of mobile assisted language learning has evolved in these years.

Miniature FSCV Devices: A Review

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electrochemical sensing method used for measuring the concentration of neurotransmitters within the brain. FSCV is typically conducted using benchtop equipment, providing accurate and high temporal resolution measurements. However, the large size and high cost of benchtop FSCV systems pose significant limitations in widespread preclinical use of FSCV. Recent technological improvements have facilitated the miniaturization of FSCV equipment, creating systems that can be mounted on the subject as they are small and lightweight. One key remaining bottleneck in the emerging miniaturized FSCV systems is that their data typically needs to be transmitted to an external computer for analysis. This paper presents a review on the current miniature FSCV devices. It discusses the latest improvements in voltage scan waveforms that help increase the sensitivity of measuring specific analytes, for use in miniaturized FSCV. It also tabulates analytes that have been detected using FSCV. It also details current issues with FSCV and the latest achievements in post-processing of FSCV data to better identify target analytes. Furthermore, the emerging miniature FSCV devices that have integrated on-board data processing capabilities to mitigate external data processing are discussed. These advances can accelerate neurochemistry research, reducing time spent analysing data on external computers, and allowing for investigation into questions on neurotransmitter dynamics in target brain regions.

Early and Late Improvement of Mitral Reserve in Selected Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft with Moderate Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Objective: The treatment of moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft is still debated. Mitral reserve may be simplified as the ratio between the length of anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. The aim of our study was to assess the outcome of ischemic mitral regurgitation in selected patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. We have used the changes in the mitral reserve to assess the improvement of mitral valve leaflets’ motion. Methods: We have been enrolling 52 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) with mild (1+) to moderate (2+) functional mitral regurgitation (MR) since June 2019. The selection criteria are hypokinesia of left ventricular lateral or posterior-lateral wall, mitral regurgitation ≤ 2+ and revascularization of some branches of circumflex artery. Trans-thoracic echocardiogram was carried out to all patients at baseline, 6 months and 1 year. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23 and non-parametric Wilcoxon test was used. Results: At 6 months, the improvement of mitral reserve (2.33 ± 0.86 vs 2.01 ± 0.64; p=0.041) and ejection fraction (40.8 ± 11.5 vs 45 ± 9.8; p=0.029) and the reduction of mitral anulus (37.5 ± 5.03 vs 34.4 ± 3.34; p=0.013) are statistically significant and they also remain stable at 12 months. Mitral regurgitation degree is reduced at 6 months (1.53 ± 0.74 vs 1.40 ± 0.50; p=0.43) remaining stable at 12 months. Mean follow-up is 7.23 ± 5.22 months. Conclusions: The improvement of mitral reserve represented by the reduction of the ratio between the length of anterior and posterior mitral leaflets, should be explained by the reduction of the tethering of posterior leaflet due to myocardial revascularization. Therefore, we believe that in selected patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation undergoing coronary artery bypass graft, mitral valve shouldn’t be treated.