Lateral Ones Research Articles

Stonymetopus megus gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), the first Fulgoridiidae genus from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

A new genus and species of planthopper, Stonymetopus megus gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridiidae) is described as the first Fulgoridiidae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, a family previously only known from the Jurassic. The new genus has a relatively large size with pointed head and obelliptic eyes (in lateral view). Its short metatibia are not apically dilated, and first metatarsomere exhibits five to six short teeth bearing sarcosetae between two longer lateral ones, while the second metatarsomere seems toothless but with a blunt ventroapical extension. Tegmina are coleopterous-like with long subparallel main veins. A mature, post-parasitic dryinid larva (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) is adjacent to the fossil planthopper and the ethology of these parasites is briefly discussed.

Effect of Cage Placement on Health Status of Laying Hens

Evaluation of cage placement on bird’s health was done to access the efficiency of the conventional battery cages as a housing system for laying hens in the highly demanding industry in tropical countries. Experimental birds were placed in House A in the lateral sixth northern battery cage (AN6L) beside cooling pads and medial northern battery cage (ANM) horizontally at the middle lower row in both sides-left and right. Each battery raw was divided into: first third beside pad (1W) consists of 130 cages; second third in middle (2W) which also consists of 130 cages and last third beside fans (3W) consists of 128 cages. The total birds in the two batteries were about four thousand and five hundred birds. In house B, experimental birds were placed in the lateral first northern battery cage (BN1L) beside northern pad, medial northern battery cage (BNM) in middle and lateral sixth northern battery cage (BN6L) beside southern pad vertically and horizontally from bottom in both sides (left and right). Each battery raw was divided into: First third beside pad (1W) consists of 520 cages; second third in middle (2W) consists also of 520 cages and last third beside fans (3W) beside fans consists of 512 cages, the total birds in the three batteries were about thirty thousand birds. Mortality and pathological changes were used in this study to evaluate the health status and welfare of Lohmann LSL Lite laying hens at different ages. Mortality of 4500 Lohmann LSL Lite laying hens at age 80 wks was recorded for twenty days in one lateral and one medial battery in House A; and it was recorded for 30000 Lohmann LSL Lite laying hens at age 57 wks for forty three days in two lateral and one medial battery in House B. The mortality in the two laying flocks at age 80 wks and 57 wks, in the first 20 days, was found to be 7.4% and 1.6% respectively. In the next 23 days in House B, it was found to be 1.7%. The mortality of the two flocks was significantly different. In the three positions- 1W, 2W, 3W- the mortality at a lateral (AN6L) and a medial (ANM) batteries in showed significant difference in the lateral ones of House A. The mortality in the three positions 1W, 2W, 3W of two laterals (BN1L and BN6L) and one medial (BNM) battery showed significant difference between the different positions of both lateral and medial batteries. Comparing house A and house B lateral and medial batteries for the mortality in the same position, 1W, 2W or 3W, revealed significant difference in 1W and 2W, whereas position 3W was found to be insignificantly different, and no significant difference between the lateral or medial batteries as a whole was detected when comparing them in the two houses. Post mortem examination of nine birds at age 80wks and fourteen birds at age 57wks revealed that the only possible effect of cage placement on the internal infection may be exerted by the direction of air current caused by the working exhaust fans.

Spatial separation of mycobionts in the giant, differentiated root system of Cyrtosia septentrionalis, a fully myco-heterotrophic orchid

The rare achlorophyllous orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis (Rchb.f.) Garay is thought to switch mycobiont from a Physisporinus species (‘TK-10’) to an Armillaria species as it develops. We conducted morphological, chemical, and molecular analyses of the root system of three adult plants growing sympatrically in Japan to assess reliance on different mycorrhizae. The root systems were found to comprise several long primary roots that radiate outwards from the emergent stem and many shorter lateral ones. Long roots branched most vigorously where they encountered Armillaria gallica in the soil, and the resulting lateral roots contained the highest density of intra-radical rhizomorphs. One plant was associated with ‘TK-10’ and the other two with A. gallica, but only the apical portion of long roots and a few lateral roots were colonized. Mycobionts isolated from the base of long roots proved incapable of germinating C. septentrionalis seeds. Whereas glucose was the dominant monosaccharide in non-mycorrhizal roots, galactose was in mycorrhizal ones. Lateral roots are specialized in mycorrhization and their velamen, and mucilage may play a key role in preventing desiccation. We hypothesize that C. septentrionalis can associate with either fungus from germination to adulthood, but that detection of A. gallica in the soil can prompt replacement of ‘TK-10’.

Hemiboea shimentaiensis S. Y. Miao, Y. Q. Li & T. Chen (Gesneriaceae), a new species from northern Guangdong, China

Hemiboea shimentaiensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from northern Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. It is most similar to H. gamosepala, H. rubribracteata and H. malipoensis in the nearly white corolla, which appears in a few species of Hemiboea, and nearly glabrous inner base of the corolla tube. It can be easily distinguished from the latter three species by the stoloniferous habit, distinct silvery veins, glabrous corolla except for a ring of hairs inside, anther coherent along ventral face when young, but cohering apically at maturity, three separate staminodes with lateral ones resembling deformed anthers, and with few sterile pollen grains inside, to antheroids at the tips of the staminodes. The life cycle and fluctuations in the population are unknown and need further study, the conservation status of H. shimentaiensis was not assessed.

Characterisation of potholes formed on bedrock sandstones at Loei Dun, Phetchabun Geopark, Thailand

Abstract Phetchabun National Geopark comprises varied geosites; one of the fluvial bedrock landforms distinguished here is Loei Dun. This shows many potholes in Mesozoic sandstone of the Nam Phong Formation (Khorat Group). A genetic study of the occurrence of the Loei Dun potholes lends it a higher geoheritage value. For the present study we did fieldwork and carried out petrographical and geotechnical analyses so as to classify and characterise the potholes and consider geotourism potentials. Petrographically, the bedrock sandstone is a lithic arenite which consists of 82-96 percent very fine to coarse, well-sorted subangular sand with low sphericity and calcite cementation. Our geotechnical analysis of the bedrock sandstone suggests that pothole occurrence may be linked to low rock strength and slake durability index with high rock absorption and porosity at Loei Dun. Field studies confirmed the impact of other factors such as joints/faults, fluvial conditions and biological weathering. There are five types of pothole, viz., simple ones, potholes with external furrows, compound potholes, breached potholes and lateral ones. The present study adds educational value to the Loei Dun geosite at Phetchabun Geoparks and cultural and economic aspects can be further strengthened through the development of geotourism in the area.

Video Head Impulse Test e doenças do sistema nervoso central: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the applicability of the Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, as well as the results found and the diseases described. Research strategy Integrative literature review, in which nine electronic databases were searched using the keyword “video head impulse test”. Selection criteria Studies that used the vHIT in the diagnosis of CNS diseases were included, and studies published before 2009, studies that performed other clinical investigation procedures or that concerned the diagnosis of peripheral vestibular diseases were excluded. Results The final sample consisted of 18 studies. The verified results show that the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) has shown alteration in this population. Suggestive findings of central involvement were observed, such as lower gain or average VOR in the vertical semicircular canals than in the lateral ones, increased gain, the negative correlation of gain with disease severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3, cutoff point of 0.70, and gain asymmetry of less than 20% to differentiate vestibular neuritis from a stroke in the medial branch of the posteroinferior cerebellar artery, normal gain with altered oculomotor tests, presence of spontaneous vertical nystagmus, as well as alterations in the VOR with and without visual enhancement, in saccadic pursuit, and the tilt deviation test. Conclusion We found that the vHIT applies to the assessment of high-frequency VOR in individuals with CNS diseases since it provided clinical evidence of changes in peripheral and central vestibular function in different neurological conditions

A new species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), a lung parasite of Pristimantis chiastonotus (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Brazilian Amazon: description and phylogenetic analyses.

Rhabdias Stiles and Hassal, 1905 comprises approximately 90 species of parasitic lung nematodes of amphibians and reptiles that have a wide distribution, with 21 species occurring in the Neotropics. In the present study, we describe Rhabdias waiapi n. sp. found parasitizing the lungs of the anuran species Pristimantis chiastonotus from the Amazon Biome in the Amapá State, Northern Brazil. The new species is characterized by havingan elongated body, expansions of the cuticular inflation in the anterior end that become more discrete along the body, an anterior end with a slight constriction at the level of the esophageal apex with four rounded subapical elevations of the body wall, six lips, four near the edge of the oral opening and two more distant lateral ones, and a gradually tapering elongated tail. In addition, molecular analyses and phylogenetic reconstructionswere made, with sequences from the coding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Those resultsstrongly support the status of the new taxon, which formed a poorly supported clade with Rhabdias sp. 5 from Anolis brasiliensis from Northeast Brazil. Rhabdias waiapi n. sp. is the 19th species of the genus described in the Neotropics for amphibians, the 10th in Brazil, the second described from hosts of the family Strabomantidae from the Neotropical region, and the first amphibian nematode species described in the Amapá State.

PECULIARITIES OF THE SOURCES OF ORIGIN AND MORPHOGENESIS OF THE HUMAN MANDIBLE.

The aim: To determine the sources and terms of origin, developmental peculiarities and dynamics of ossification of the mandible during the prenatal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The research was carried out on the specimens of 30 embryos, 30 pre-fetuses and 60 human fetuses at the period from the 9th to the 12th weeks of the intrauterine development, which were studied by microscopic examination. Three-dimensional computer reconstructions of the human pre-fetal head were made. Results: During the 7th week of development the maxillary processes maximum approach the lateral and medial nasal ones; in pre-fetuses 20,0 mm of PCL they join the frontal spindle forming the facial structures (upper jaw and lip, vestibule of the oral cavity, rudiments of dental laminas, and rudiments of dental buds in its distal portions). Osteogenous islets, rudiments of the mimic and masticatory muscles, blood vessels are formed. During the 8th week of development the osseous tissue of the mandible is formed, the alveolar processes are formed. The oral and nasal cavities are isolated in 9-10-week pre-fetuses, the mass of the osseous tissue increases in both jaws, the enamel organs are detached, the angles and rami formed by the hyaline cartilaginous tissue of the mandible are determined, the rudiments of the temporomandibular joints are already seen. During the 11th week of development the osseous base of both jaws become formed. Till the end of the 12th week the osseous tissue begins to replace the hyaline cartilage of the mandibular rami, and the articular heads are formed in the portion of their proximal ends. Conclusions: The mandible in its development is known to be characterized by intra-cartilaginous formation of the bone which starts from the ends of the cartilage gradually displaced by the osseous tissue. It is indicated that both jaws in pre-fetuses 37,0 and 42,0 mm of PCL are presented by the typical cartilaginous tissue, and in pre-fetuses 45,0-50,0 mm of PCL the osseous tissue is already available replacing the cartilaginous one.

Revisiting γ-alumina surface models through the topotactic transformation of boehmite surfaces

The rational understanding of γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) supported catalysts requires an ever more improved atomic scale determination of the support’s surface properties. By using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show how the structural and energetic surface properties of alumina crystallites intrinsically depend on its synthesis pathway. Considering the case study of the topotactic transformation of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) into γ-Al2O3 taking place during calcination, we propose a methodology to mimic this pathway by reconstructing relevant slabs of boehmite into γ-alumina slabs following 3 steps: dehydration, contraction/translation and Al migration into spinel or non-spinel sites. On the one hand, we confirm the reliability of some earlier 100, 110 and 111 surface structures determined by standard bulk cleavage approach. Moreover, we find new γ-alumina surfaces harboring Brønsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) with specific local structures. More strikingly, we find that the basal 110b surface of alumina inherited from the (010) basal surface of boehmite, exhibits a larger number of isolated µ2-OH groups than the lateral 110l surface. For the lateral 110l (respectively 111) orientation, four (respectively three) thermodynamically competing surfaces are identified, including models earlier proposed. These results are induced by finite size and morphology effects during the topotactic transformation of boehmite crystallites. Thanks to a thorough comparative analysis of morphology and nature of BAS and LAS as a function of thermal treatment and water pressure for each surface, we identify coherent chemical families of surfaces across the main crystallographic orientations. These features open the door to a better differentiation of the reactivity of the basal alumina surfaces from the lateral ones.

Unusual congenital polydactyly in mini-pigs from the breeding group of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (Novosibirsk, Russia).

The article describes a new phenomenon in the breeding group of mini-pigs at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG, Novosibirsk): polydactyly (extra digits), which is unusual because the additional digits are situated at the lateral surface of legs or at the lateral and medial ones. This anomaly was f irst found here in 2017 in adult animals intended for culling due to incorrect positioning of the legs caused by f lexor tendon laxity and resulting in weight-bearing on the palmar surface of the proximal phalanges (“bear’s paw”). Therefore, the polydactyly of mini-pigs has a pronounced negative selection effect. A visual survey of the livestock was conducted, and a description of the detected anomaly was compiled. The polydactyly in mini-pigs is a stand-alone trait and is not part of any syndromes. Individuals with polydactyly may have extra digits either on pectoral or on pectoral and pelvic limbs. On thoracic limbs, there may be either one lateral digit or a lateral digit and a medially located rudimentary hoof let. On pelvic limbs, only lateral extra digits can occur. Anatomical and morphological analyses showed that the lateral extra digit is an anatomically complete (“mature”) structure, whereas the medial rudimentary digit consists of only a hoof let without other structures characteristic of normal digits. Cytological examination revealed no specif ic karyotypic features, except for Robertsonian translocation Rb 16;17 previously reported for the mini-pigs of the same livestock. Cytological f indings indicated that the polydactyly and Robertsonian translocation are not linked genetically. Genealogical analysis and results of crosses are consistent with a working hypothesis of recessive inheritance of the trait. Overall, the study shows that this type of polydactyly is anatomically and morphologically unique and not typical of Sus scrofa. In this species, only polydactyly types with medial accessory toes have been described and are usually inherited as a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. In our case, the results of test crosses indicate recessive inheritance of the trait with varying expression and incomplete penetrance, because of which poorly expressed phenotypes are not visually detectable.

Impact of atrial septal defect device size on biventricular global and regional function: a two-dimensional strain echocardiographic study.

In this study, we assessed the acute changes in biventricular longitudinal strain after atrial septal defect transcatheter closure and its relation to the device size. Hundred atrial septal defect patients and 40 age-matched controls were included. Echocardiography and strain study were performed at baseline and 24 hours and 1 month after the intervention. The study group was divided into two subgroups; group 1: smaller devices were used (mean device size = 1.61 ± 0.05 cm, n = 74) and group 2: larger devices were used (mean device size = 2.95 ± 0.07 cm, n = 26). At baseline, there was a significant difference between the study group and controls as regards right ventricular global longitudinal strain with significant hyperkinetic apex (p = 0.033, p = 0.020, respectively). There was a significant immediate reduction in right ventricular global longitudinal strain (from -24.43 ± 0.49% to -21.62 ± 0.47%, p < 0.001), which showed insignificant improvement after 1-month follow-up. While only left ventricular global longitudinal strain increased after 1 month. Within 24 hours of device closure, all the basal- and mid-lateral segments strains and apical right ventricular strains showed a significant reduction. There was a significant negative correlation between the indexed large device size and an immediate change in the right ventricular global longitudinal strain (r = -0.425, p = 0.034). Significant right ventricular global longitudinal strain reduction starts as early as 24 hours after transcatheter closure, irrespective of the device size used. The rapid impact of closure was mainly on the biventricular basal and lateral segments and right ventricular apical ones, especially with the large sized atrial septal defect.

Transport and spectral properties of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene junctions based on local orbital models

The electronic properties of junctions defined electrostatically on twisted bilayer graphene can be addressed theoretically using lattice models. Recent works have introduced minimal local orbital models to describe twisted bilayer graphene at the magic angle (MATBLG) with different degrees of approximation and accounting for fragile topology. In the present work we use a Green's function formalism to obtain the spectral and transport properties for MATBLG junctions based on these models. We introduce different symmetry breaking perturbations to simulate the effect of interactions and characterize the topology of the bulk bands by analyzing the corresponding Wilson loops. We then analyze the spectral properties for different types of edges and in the case of a domain wall in the sublattice symmetry breaking parameter. We further consider a three region junction where one could control independently the central and lateral regions doping level. In the limit where the central region is fixed at the charge neutrality point and the lateral ones are heavily doped, the spectral and the two terminal transport properties can be understood in terms of the hybridization of chiral states along the junctions. These properties are found to be extremely sensitive to the orientation of the junctions along the moir\'e lattice.

The More, the Better–Recent Advances in Construction of 2D Multi‐Heterostructures

AbstractThe past few years have witnessed significant development in the controlled growth of 2D heterostructures. Among those kinds of heterostructures, vertical and lateral ones have drawn the most attention. Vertical heterostructures can be created in the mode of layer by layer. The layer number and sequence in the vertical orientation can be modulated and thus leading to customized properties. However, the fabrication of lateral heterostructures has been met with challenges. The most concerning issue is related to the consistency at the atomic scale when two layers are stitched in a lateral direction. Adhering to the concept of epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has exerted significant impact in forming 2D lateral heterostructures. In this review, recent academic breakthroughs involving controlled growth of multi‐heterostructures by CVD are present. The CVD technique in terms of growth parameters, choice of catalysts, and mechanism is fully emphasized, offering guidelines for shaping novel 2D heterostructures. Several novel multi‐heterostructures attained by the CVD method are exhibited. Further, the properties and devices are described to demonstrate the unique features of multi‐heterostructures. The great advances in precisely constructing multi‐heterostructure are expected to push forward the way for 2D materials to industrialization and commercialization.

Pictorial essay of vestibular incision outcomes from transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy.

The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has emerged as a new treatment option for patients with selected thyroid disease requiring surgery. The aim of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the healing outcomes of the vestibular incisions. TOETVA patients were recruited at two Centers in China and Italy. TOETVA is initiated with one 10-20-mm median incision in the center of the oral vestibule 10 mm above the inferior labial frenulum, and two 5-mm lateral incisions, just below the lower lip near the labial commissure. Healing of the vestibular incision was monitored through serial photographs 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90 days after surgery. Outcomes were evaluated by Landry's score, time to healing, issues affecting wound outcomes, scar, fibrin, granulation, necrotic tissue formation, and infections. Results of TOETVA were monitored in 52 patients. There were no postoperative infections. All lateral incisions demonstrated favorable surgical outcomes. Landry's criteria scores indicated worse outcomes for the median incisions vs. the lateral ones (p<0.05). Median incisions healed well in 65.4% of patients, but 34.6% of patients had visible scars from the median incision 90 days after surgery. Eight (15.4%) had cicatricial diathesis, seven (13.5%) experienced displacement of the stitches, and three (5.8%) developed synechia with gingiva. When the central vestibular incision was <10mm from the gingiva, patients tended to form synechia (60%). There were no significant differences in wound healing between the Chinese and Italian patients. Knowledge of vestibular incision healing is essential to provide practical TOETVA clinical guide and to define optimal outcomes evaluation for transoral surgeons. Vestibular wound problems were confined only to the central incision.

Surgical approaches in juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms repair.

In this study, surgical tactic features and juxtarenal and pararenal treatment immediate results were analyzed depending on the use of various surgical approaches. Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 89 patients received surgical treatment, of which 52(58%) had juxtarenal aneurysms and 37 (42%) - pararenal aneurysms. During repairs, three types of surgical approaches were used: midline laparotomy, extended retroperitoneal approach and thoraco-phreno-retroperitoneal approach. The patients were divided into three groups accordingly. At the immediate postoperative period, mortality rate equaled 2 (2.2%). The reasons were pulmonary embolism and sepsis. Statistically reliable data were obtained, confirming the advantages of midline laparotomic approach over the lateral retroperitoneal ones, which consisted in a shorter operative time, less pronounced pain syndrome, lesser blood loss, fewer postoperative days. The disadvantages were that enteroparesis occurred more often when the midline laparotomy was used in comparison to extended retroperitoneal or thoraco-phrenoretroperitoneal approaches. Thus, open repairs of juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms have some specific technical and strategical features which are associated with intraoperative renal ischemia. During open surgical intervention, it is important to first consider the possibility of repair with midline laparotomy. However, lateral retroperitoneal approaches can also be used on a case-by-case basis noting their advantages and disadvantages.

Thoracic shape changes in newborns due to their position

The highly compliant nature of the neonatal chest wall is known to clinicians. However, its morphological changes have never been characterized and are especially important for a customised monitoring of respiratory diseases. Here, we show that a device applied on newborns can trace their chest boundary without the use of radiation. Such technology, which is easy to sanitise between patients, works like a smart measurement tape drawing also a digital cross section of the chest. We also show that in neonates the supine position generates a significantly different cross section compared to the lateral ones. Lastly, an unprecedented comparison between a premature neonate and a child is reported.

Silicon carbide planar junctionless transistor for low-medium voltage power electronics

This paper proposes a Silicon Carbide (SiC) based planar junctionless transistor (JLT), designed and simulated for low to medium power electronic applications, with a calibrated deck of SiC parameters. The simple structure of this device avoids the fabrication complexity associated with intricate junction geometries of vertical power devices and growth challenges of lateral heterostructure ones. Because of the wide bandgap (WBG) of SiC, the device exhibits a breakdown voltage of 100 V at channel length of 0.1 μm, which may be enhanced, at the cost of operating speed, by increasing the channel length. Compared to commercial enhancement-mode GaN (e-GaN) devices with similar breakdown voltage specification, the proposed device offers lower specific on-resistance (R on,sp ), and a significant reduction in capacitance due to its naturally self-aligned structure, leading to higher operating speed concluded from the mixed-mode simulations.

Analysis of the Early Repolarization in Competitive Athletes: Comparison Between the Notch and The Slur

Early repolarization is currently defined by the presence of notch or slur, at the end of QRS complex, greater ≥ than 0.1 mV in two contiguous leads, and the ST-segment elevation is not necessary for diagnosis. Several studies have confirmed that early repolarization on the electrocardiogram has been associated with an increased risk of sudden arrhythmic death either in the general population or in athletes. However, no study has evaluated the prevalence of this anomaly, using the current definition of early repolarization, in the population of Algerian or North African athletes, no study analyzed notches and slurs separately, and no study compared them. The main objective of our study is to determine the prevalence of ER in an Algerian population of competitive athletes. The secondary objective was to compare the end-QRS Notching and Slurring, and to determine the influence on this prevalence of certain clinical and electrocardiographic parameters, to establish an epidemiological profile of this anomaly. Methods: In our study, we used the current definition of early repolarization. The study population is represented by 621 athletes participating in the various sports competitions organized in the region of Sétif, having undergone a cardiological examination, at the level of the cardiology service of Setif university hospital center, as part of the establishment of a medical certificate of no contraindication to the practice of the sport. Athletes also benefited from a clinical examination (weight, height, cardiac auscultation, functional signs (angina, palpitation, loss of awareness and dyspnea), palpation of the pulse, and measurement of the blood pressure). The electrocardiograms were collected at rest and away from any sporting activity. And in addition to the analysis of ER (prevalence, notch, slur, amplitude, and topography), criteria for ventricular hypertrophy (Sokolow-Lyon index and Cornell index), heart rate, and right bundle branch block were sought and analyzed. Results: The ECG was normal in 29.3% of the athletes, while the majority of athletes (66.3%) had adaptative electrocardiographic abnormalities to regular physical training (minimum of 4 h per week) and competition, 4.3% of athletes had abnormal electrocardiographic patterns suggesting underlying heart disease. The prevalence of ER in our athletes according to the new diagnostic criteria is 26.1%, with a clear male predominance. This prevalence increases with age, peaking in the third decade and then declines. The prevalence of ER is higher in bradycardic athletes and those with a Sokolow-Lyon index greater than 35 mm; for the Cornell index, no relationship was found. Moreover, ER is significantly lower in athletes with incomplete right Branch Block. In our series, ER is predominant in the inferior leads (40.7%) than lateral ones (34.6%), and the double location is found in 24.7%. This distribution of topographies is not influenced by age and gender. 31.8% of ER has an amplitude ≥ of 2 mm. 30.9% of ER is associated with ST-segment elevation. Notch is the predominant pattern whatever the topography of ER is (notch, 57.4%; slur, 18.5%; notch+slur, 24.1%); notch predominates in lateral leads (52.3%) while slur is predominant in inferior leads (68.0%).1%); only the notch has a significant relationship with male sex (23.8% vs 5.7%, p&lt;0.001) with bradycardia (41.4% vs 16%, P&lt;0.001) and with physical training. The prevalence of notches and slurs is significantly higher in athletes with a Sokolow-Lyon index greater than 35 mm. Conclusion: The pattern of ER is frequent in athletes; its prevalence is influenced by age, sex, heart rate, left ventricular hypertrophy, and incomplete right bundle branch block, type of sport, and intensity of the dynamic and static component of sports activity. The inferior topography (considered as a criterion of the high risk of ER) is found the most in our athletes; the notch is the most frequent pattern. It has been found that the two patterns "notch" and "slur", which are the basis of the definition of ER, are not influenced in the same way by the other clinical and electrocardiographic parameters.

Design method for curved stayed cable bridges deck directrices for different cable systems

Abstract In the specific case of curved cable-stayed bridges, the horizontal component of the load introduced by the stay cables on the deck is variable, concentric and dependent on the connection configuration between the tower and the cables, becoming a challenge in the design of these type of bridges. Hitherto, designers have dealt with this challenge in different ways, either by optimizing the position of the tower and its geometric characteristics, or by modifying the morphology of the stay cable system. This paper proposes the use of funicular and anti-funicular curves of the horizontal concentric load, introduced by the stay cables, to design the curved deck directrix, reducing lateral forces on the deck under the self-weight hypothesis. For the design of the deck directrix, two different formulations are considered: one discrete by means of summations and the other continuous by means of non-linear differential equations. Both formulations study the two possible signs of the axial force which will govern the design (funicular and anti-funicular curves). A least squares approximation is developed to facilitate the implementation of these formulations. The paper introduces a method to liberate the deck from its most important lateral loads, i.e., the concentric loads introduced by the stay cables. This way, it develops a deck dominated by axial forces instead of lateral ones (Bending moment with vertical axis, Mz, and lateral shear force, Vy), which can be critical for its design and decrease the stay-cable system efficiency. It explains, by different methods, how this directrices vary with different design decisions, so that the designer can develop the directrix that suits his design. Finally, two examples of directrices are given as a conclusion.

ARPEC: A NOVEL STAGGERED PERFORATED CAISSON FOR WAVE ABSORPTION AND TIDAL FLUSHING

An innovative caisson breakwater geometry (patent pending) named "ARPEC" (Anti Reflective PErmeable Caisson) includes openings at all external and internal walls and at lateral (cross) ones, yet in a staggered pattern, to provide a labyrinthian hydraulic communication between the open sea and the internal waters. The complex sinuous water-flow within the consecutive permeable chambers thus favors wave energy dissipation as well as port water flushing and quality, with very low reflection and transmission coefficients. 2D lab model tests demonstrate the system effectiveness.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/PaUsinYO-Zo