Lateral Excursion Research Articles

High-Rate Skew Estimation for Tape Systems

Abstract: In several recent magnetic tape drive designs, an actuator with two degrees of freedom has been adopted for joint skew- and track-following control. This enables the removal of flanges from guide rollers in the tape path, thus avoiding debris build-up, tape-edge damage, and high-frequency lateral tape motion. Skew compensation is needed to keep the head perpendicular to the direction of tape motion to enable read-while-write functionality in the presence of large lateral tape excursions originating from the removal of roller flanges. In this paper, we present a novel skew estimator that generates skew estimates at a high rate for an extended range of allowable tape-to-head skew values. A skew estimate is given by the sum of a fractional and an integer part, extracted from information provided by two parallel synchronous servo channels operating on timing-based servo patterns. The fractional part is obtained from the accurate measure of timing intervals between dibit correlation peaks, whereas the integer part is derived from longitudinal position information. The new method was implemented in an FPGA and verified experimentally using a commercial tape drive.

The effect of disocclusion time-reduction therapy to treat chronic myofascial pain: A single group interventional study with 3 year follow-up of 100 cases.

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the longevity of reduced disclusion time in treating and removing myofascial pain dysfunction symptoms following the T-Scan-based, immediate complete anterior guidance development (ICAGD) coronoplasty. This measured occlusal adjustment has been shown to reduce the muscle hyperactivity of myofascial pain.Methods:Myofascial pain symptomatic patients were recruited as per the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), including the clinical protocol and assessment instruments outlined by the international RDC/TMD consortium network (version: January 20, 2014) to assess the efficacy of reduced disclusion time in left and right lateral excursions to resolve the myofascial pain symptoms. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 cases were treated with ICAGD in three visits, each 1 week apart. Recall disclusion time measurements were recorded every 3 months over 3 years. The RDC/TMD questionnaire was used for symptom assessment at every recall visit. ICAGD brought pretreatment prolonged disclusion time down to <0.4 s, as quantified from T-Scan force and time data records, while the subjects were assessed for symptom relief. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05).Results:Changes in the intensity of many symptoms from reducing the disclusion time to <0.4 s were statistically significant from treatment day 1, and onward through the 3-year period of observation (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The results indicate that ICAGD reduces the musculoskeletal symptoms of myofascial pain, such that this methodology increases clinical therapeutic success.

Computerized occlusal analysis: correlation with occlusal indexes to assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment or the severity of malocculusion.

ObjectiveThe aims of our study were to verify the validity of the T-Scan III system (Tekscan) as an objective occlusal evaluation tool, and to assess the differences between two occlusal indexes-the peer assessment rating (PAR) index and the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (OGS)-by comparing the scores derived from the T-Scan III system with the two occlusal indexes and analyzing the correlations between them.MethodsThe final study sample included 48 adult volunteers (39 men and 9 women, mean age 24.14 ± 3.16 years), after excluding 29 volunteers whose occlusion could not be evaluated by the T-Scan III system due to severe skeletal or occlusal problems. PAR index and OGS scores were assessed using dental study models, and measurements of centric occlusion, protrusive movement, and lateral excursion movement were obtained via the T-Scan III system. The results were analyzed to determine correlations.ResultsOcclusal analysis by the T-Scan III system was clinically reliable (p < 0.05), and the PAR index and OGS scores were significantly correlated with several measurements obtained with the T-Scan III system (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe T-Scan III system is a quantitative and reliable method for occlusal evaluation, and represents a potential substitute for occlusal indexes. Compared to the PAR index, the OGS scores of more variables were significantly correlated with the T-Scan measurements.

Experimental investigation on the seismic performance of GFRP-wrapped thin-walled steel tube confined RC columns

In order to eliminate buckling in thin-walled steel tube confined reinforced concrete (RC) columns, the external fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite wraps may be applied. This paper reports the details and results of a series of seismic tests on FRP-wrapped thin-walled steel tube confined RC columns. A total of six full-scale circular cantilever columns were tested under combined constant axial load and lateral cyclic displacement excursions. The test specimens consisted of a control RC column, a carbon FRP (CFRP) confined RC column, a glass FRP (GFRP) confined RC column, a thin-walled steel tube confined RC column, and two GFRP-wrapped thin-walled steel tube (GST) confined RC columns of varying axial load levels. The diameter and height of the RC columns were 400mm and 1600mm, respectively, and the outer diameter to thickness ratio of the steel tubes was 135. The seismic responses of the test specimens were compared in terms of failure mode, hysteric behavior, ductility, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity and equivalent viscous damping ratio. The effects of the GFRP wraps and the steel tube on the behavior of the GST confined column were revealed respectively. Test results showed that the steel tube confined column experienced local buckling and abrupt welding seam splitting resulting from high biaxial stresses, whereas such premature failure was prevented in the GST confined RC columns. For the specimens designed and tested in this study, both components in the GST contributed much to the seismic performance of the GST confined column, while the thin-walled steel tube was more effective than the GFRP wraps in improving the ultimate drift ratio. In addition, as the axial compression ratio was increased from 0.2 to 0.45, there was almost no decrease in displacement ductility for the GST confined columns.

Evaluation of three-dimensional mandibular movements after reconstruction with free fibula flap.

SUMMARYSeven patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with a fibula free flap (one on the midline, six on either right or left side) and were rehabilitated with implant supported prostheses, performed free mandibular border movements (maximal mouth opening and closing, right and left lateral excursions, protrusion) that were recorded by a non-invasive motion analyser. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) kinematic parameters were compared to those calculated in healthy control subjects using z-scores. Maximum mouth opening was reduced in all patients, with z-scores ranging from -2.742 to -0.106, and performed with a reduced sagittal plane mandibular rotation. Interincisal point forward movement during protrusion was reduced in all but one patient. Lateral mandibular movements (displacement of the interincisal point) and bilateral condylar movements during mouth opening were very variable and sometimes asymmetrical. Mandibular rotation was also variable, with z-scores ranging from -1.265 to 1.388. Together with mandibular range of motion, we investigated biomechanical characteristics of TMJ motion that can provide further information about the joint without submitting the patient to harmful procedures, and that can be followed-up during healing. The investigation indicates those areas that need to be given special attention in preoperative planning, patient information and rehabilitation.

Responses of the Q6/Q6s ATD Positioned in Booster Seats in the Far-Side Seat Location of Side Impact Passenger Car and Sled Tests.

Passenger car side impact crash tests and sled tests were conducted to investigate the influence of booster seats, near-side occupant characteristics and vehicle interiors on the responses of the Q6/Q6s child ATD positioned in the rear, far-side seating location. Data from nine side impact sled tests simulating a EuroNCAP AEMD barrier test were analyzed with data obtained from 44 side impact crash tests. The crash tests included: FMVSS 214 and IIHS MDB, moving car-to-stationary car and moving car-to-moving car. A Q6 or prototype Q6s ATD was seated on the far-side, using a variety of low and high back booster seats. Head and chest responses were recorded and ATD motions were tracked with high-speed videos. The vehicle lateral accelerations resulting from MDB tests were characterized by a much earlier and more rapid rise to peak than in tests where the bullet was another car. The near-side seating position was occupied by a Hybrid III 10-year-old ATD in the sled tests, and a rear or front facing child restraint or a 5th percentile side impact ATD in the crash tests. Head impacts occurred more frequently in vehicles where a forward facing child restraint was present behind the driver seat for both the low and high back booster seats. Pretensioners were found to reduce lateral head displacements in all sled test configurations but the greatest reduction in lateral excursion was obtained with a high back booster seat secured with LATCH and tested in combination with pretensioners.

Amoeboid motion in confined geometry.

Many eukaryotic cells undergo frequent shape changes (described as amoeboid motion) that enable them to move forward. We investigate the effect of confinement on a minimal model of amoeboid swimmer. A complex picture emerges: (i) The swimmer's nature (i.e., either pusher or puller) can be modified by confinement, thus suggesting that this is not an intrinsic property of the swimmer. This swimming nature transition stems from intricate internal degrees of freedom of membrane deformation. (ii) The swimming speed might increase with increasing confinement before decreasing again for stronger confinements. (iii) A straight amoeoboid swimmer's trajectory in the channel can become unstable, and ample lateral excursions of the swimmer prevail. This happens for both pusher- and puller-type swimmers. For weak confinement, these excursions are symmetric, while they become asymmetric at stronger confinement, whereby the swimmer is located closer to one of the two walls. In this study, we combine numerical and theoretical analyses.

Pattern of occlusal contacts in lateral excursions (canine protection or group function).

Establishing or providing occlusion that successfully permits efficient masticatory function is basic to dentistry. To maintain harmony of the occlusal condition, the posterior teeth must pass close to but not contact their opposing teeth during mandibular movement. Anterior guidance is essential to a harmonious functional relationship in the masticatory system. The objective of this study was to find out the frequency of pattern of occlusal contacts in lateral position and to compare the accuracy of shim-stock and articulating paper. This study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. The study consisted of 80 healthy subjects between the age group of 18-30 years. They were selected randomly from undergraduate students and dental hygienist of college of dental science and written consent was taken. This age was selected because of minimal occlusal wear. In the present study with 80 participants the majority of the contact patterns with shimstock on the working side were group function( 84%), the canine protected occlusal patterns were found to be 12% and the unclassifiable pattern were found to be 4%. On the otherhand, the data with articulating paper were group function type (94%), the canine protected occlusal patterns as 2.5% and the unclassifiable pattern were found to be 3.5%. In this study, with shim stock, the majority of the contact patterns were group function being 84% whereas with the articulating paper it was 94%. When shim stock occlusal strip (12 μm thick) was compared to commonly used articulating paper (40 μm), the excessive thickness of articulating paper that exceed the maximum recommended thickness of occlusal recording strips markedly must have given much more false contacts. It was concluded that the majority of the contact pattern were group function being 84% with shim stock and 94% with articulating paper. Also shim stock exhibits superior accuracy and reliability.

The Influence of Enhanced Side Impact Protection on Kinematics and Injury Measures of Far- or Center-Seated Children in Forward-Facing Child Restraints

Objective: To evaluate the influence of forward-facing child restraint systems’ (FFCRSs) side impact structure, such as side wings, on the head kinematics and response of a restrained, far- or center-seated 3-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) in oblique sled tests.Methods: Sled tests were conducted utilizing an FFCRS with large side wings and with the side wings removed. The CRS were attached via LATCH on 2 different vehicle seat fixtures—a small SUV rear bench seat and minivan rear bucket seat—secured to the sled carriage at 20° from lateral. Four tests were conducted on each vehicle seat fixture, 2 for each FFCRS configuration. A Q3s dummy was positioned in FFCRS according to the CRS owner's manual and FMVSS 213 procedures. The tests were conducted using the proposed FMVSS 213 side impact pulse. Three-dimensional motion cameras collected head excursion data. Relevant data collected during testing included the ATD head excursions, head accelerations, LATCH belt loads, and neck loads.Results: Results indicate that side wings have little influence on head excursions and ATD response. The median lateral head excursion was 435 mm with side wings and 443 mm without side wings. The primary differences in head response were observed between the 2 vehicle seat fixtures due to the vehicle seat head restraint design. The bench seat integrated head restraint forced a tether routing path over the head restraint. Due to the lateral crash forces, the tether moved laterally off the head restraint reducing tension and increasing head excursion (477 mm median). In contrast, when the tether was routed through the bucket seat's adjustable head restraint, it maintained a tight attachment and helped control head excursion (393 mm median).Conclusion: This testing illustrated relevant side impact crash circumstances where side wings do not provide the desired head containment for a 3-year-old ATD seated far-side or center in FFCRS. The head appears to roll out of the FFCRS even in the presence of side wings, which may expose the occupant to potential head impact injuries. We postulate that in a center or far-side seating configuration, the absence of door structure immediately adjacent to the CRS facilitates the rotation and tipping of the FFCRS toward the impact side and the roll-out of the head around the side wing structure. Results suggest that other prevention measures, in the form of alternative side impact structure design, FFCRS vehicle attachment, or shared protection between the FFCRS and the vehicle, may be necessary to protect children in oblique side impact crashes.

Long-Term Outcome of Arthrocentesis Plus Hyaluronic Acid Injection in Patients With Wilkes Stage II and III Temporomandibular Joint Internal Derangement.

Arthrocentesis is a minimally invasive procedure used to manage temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement (ID). This study evaluated the outcome of arthrocentesis in patients with Wilkes stage II and III TMJ ID. This retrospective study enrolled 50 patients who underwent arthrocentesis in 2011 and 2012 at the Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Turkey. In total, 43 patients underwent unilateral arthrocentesis, whereas 7 patients had bilateral arthrocentesis. The clinical parameters recorded were pain (visual analogue scale [VAS] 0-100 mm during movement), chewing function efficacy (VAS 0-100), clicking sounds, and mandibular movements, including maximum interincisal opening (MIO), lateral excursion, and protrusion. All the parameters were recorded preoperatively, and 1, 3, 6, and 24 months after treatment. The MIO, lateral excursion, and protrusion were significantly greater than preoperatively in all the patients. Pain declined significantly postoperatively. The patients in Wilkes III group had greater improvement in mandibular movement and pain than the patients in Wilkes II group. Arthrocentesis was reliable for treating both Wilkes II and III TMJ ID, and the treatment results were better in Wilkes III patients.

Outcome of amniotic membrane as an interpositional arthroplasty of TMJ ankylosis.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is a major disorder, mainly due to trauma and other reasons, which is responsible for the restriction of mandibular functional activities. The scope of the successful surgical correction of temporomandibular joint ankylosis with amniotic membrane is on the membrane's being an interpositional material which we found not to elicit any host reaction, is capable of functional adaptation, and is very economical. Our purpose is to show the amniotic membrane as a suitable, biocompatible, and interpositional material alternative to the other materials, thereby reducing donor site morbidity. A study was conducted in 13 patients with an age range of 10 to 35years with unilateral and bilateral bony TMJ ankylosis confirmed by clinical and radiological evaluations. Preoperative and postoperative clinical assessments of TMJ functions were done. Amniotic membranes were collected from the tissue bank, sterilized by gamma radiation, and freeze-dried. Then, the prepared amniotic cap (10-15 layers of amniotic membrane) was placed over the condylar head and anchored loosely to the neck and the surrounding tissues with a 3/0 Vicryl suture. Measurements of postoperative maximum interincisal opening was taken with scale among the 13 patients. Preoperative interincisal distances ranged from 0 to 15mm, and preoperative and immediate postoperative were 33-45 and 25-32mm, respectively. Postoperative follow-up of interincisal opening after 1-, 6-, and 12-month intervals was found from 32 to 35mm. Lateral excursions (left and right), protrusive movements, and functional recovery were all satisfactory. Amniotic membrane graft as an interpositional material in temporomandibular joint ankylosis can be a good alternative as to prevent reankylosis and recover functionality.

Small-Diameter Implant Treatment Plan Revision: Management of Complications.

Small-Diameter Implant Treatment Plan Revision: Management of Complications.

Dual task interference during walking: The effects of texting on situational awareness and gait stability

Dual-task interference caused by mobile phone use while walking increases safety risks by increasing attentional and cognitive demands. Situational awareness, important for control of walking and safety, has been examined previously but measured only by the awareness of visually noteworthy objects in the environment or the number of times the person looked up from the phone. This study systematically investigated the effects of texting on situational awareness to different environments and its consequent impact on gait kinematics. Twenty healthy volunteers walked on a treadmill while texting and attending to visual tasks simultaneously. Gait parameters and situational awareness examined under dual-task conditions (walk and text or walk, text, and visual task) were compared with those of single-task conditions (text, walk or visual task only). The size of the visual field, display duration of the visual cue, and visual acuity demand were varied across the visual task conditions. About half of the visual cues provided during walking and texting were not perceived (48.3%) as compared to the visual task only condition. The magnitude of this loss of situational awareness was dependent upon the nature of visual information provided. While gait parameters were not different among visual task conditions, greater total medial–lateral excursion of the pelvis was observed in the walk and text condition compared to the walk only condition, showing the dual-task effects of texting on gait kinematics. The study provides further evidence of dual-task effects of texting on situational awareness as well as gait kinematics.

Mitral peak early diastolic filling velocity to deceleration time ratio as a predictor of prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved or reduced ejection fraction.

ObjectiveDoppler derived mitral peak early diastolic filling velocity to deceleration time ratio (E/DT) has been proposed as parameter for predicting prognosis in general population. This study prospectively investigates the incremental prognostic value of E/DT over clinical, conventional echocardiographic and mitral-Doppler variables in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure (HF).MethodsWe analyzed 95 HF patients (mean age 64.8 ± 12.2 years) hospitalized at our institution from January 2010 to March 2012. The primary end-point was cardiac death or hospitalization, whichever occurred first. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of outcomes.ResultsDuring follow-up (median 37.7 months) 13 patients died and 44 were hospitalized for a cardiac event. At univariable analysis, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, furosemide dosage, lateral tricuspidal annular plane systolic excursion, deceleration time and E/DT were predictive of outcome. At multivariable analysis, E/DT was the only predictor of prognosis (hazard ratio = 1.02, P = 0.018), giving incremental prognostic information to clinical and other echocardio-graphic measures (global chi-square from 15.4 to 25.2; P = 0.032).ConclusionsE/DT gives independent and incremental prognostic information in HF patients.

Evolution of treatment mechanics and contemporary appliance design in orthodontics: A 40-year perspective.

Until the early 1970s, successful treatment with the Begg technique and the Tweed edgewise technique required tedious wire bending. The introduction of Andrews' straight wire appliance changed that, and it was one of the most significant contributions in the history of orthodontics. The straight wire appliance significantly reduced the amount of wire bending and also brought along other options in treatment mechanics. Retraction of the canines with elastic chains and ligature wires became more common. Sliding mechanics in place of closing loops became the method of space closure for a significant number of clinicians. Edgewise force levels were initially used to close spaces; however, it was soon observed that lighter forces were more effective with sliding mechanics. Along with these changes, it became apparent that compensation in the appliance was needed, depending on the type of malocclusion and particularly with varying extraction sequences. Various appliance designs were developed to accommodate changes in mechanics and force levels. These modifications improved tooth positions at the end of treatment as long as the brackets were properly placed. These major changes in appliances, force levels, and treatment mechanics can be traced back to the work of Dr Lawrence Andrews and the straight wire appliances.

Vocal Fold Vibratory Changes Following Surgical Intervention

High-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) captures direct cycle-to-cycle visualization of vocal fold movement in real time. This ultrafast recording rate is capable of visualizing the vibratory motion of the vocal folds in severely disordered phonation and provides a direct method for examining vibratory changes after vocal fold surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the vibratory motion before and after surgical intervention. HSV was captured from two subjects with identifiable midvocal fold benign lesions and six subjects with highly aperiodic vocal fold vibration before and after phonosurgery. Digital kymography (DKG) was used to extract high-speed kymographic vocal fold images sampled at the midmembranous, anterior 1/3, and posterior 1/3 region. Spectral analysis was subsequently applied to the DKG to quantify the cycle-to-cycle movements of the left and the right vocal fold, expressed as a spectrum. Before intervention, the vibratory spectrum consisted of decreased and flat-like spectral peaks with robust power asymmetry. After intervention, increases in spectral power and decreases in power symmetry were noted. Spectral power increases were most remarkable in the midmembranous region of the vocal fold. Surgical modification resulted in improved lateral excursion of the vocal folds, vibratory function, and perceptual measures of Voice Handicap Index-10. These changes in vibratory behavior trended toward normal vocal fold vibration.

FRP-Concrete-Steel Double Skin Tubular Cantilever Beams: Behavior under Cyclic Loading

This paper reports on an experimental study on the flexural behavior of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete-steel double skin cantilever beams (referred to as DSTBs) that were tested under reversed cyclic loading. The beams were manufactured using a high-strength concrete (HSC) mix and they were 150 mm in diameter and 1.2 m in length. The main parameters of the experimental study included the size of the inner steel tube and the use of mechanical connectors in the form of steel rings welded on the inner steel tube. Test results indicate that DSTBs are capable of developing a highly ductile behavior under reversed cyclic lateral displacement excursions. It is found that the addition of mechanical connectors on the steel tube has no significant influence on the lateral displacement capacity of the test specimens, but they can eliminate the slippage between the concrete and inner steel tube. Examination of the test results has led to a number of significant conclusions on the influence of the beam parameters on the performance of DSTBs, which are discussed in the paper.

Functional occlusal patterns during lateral excursions in young adults

Statement of problemA valid system for assessing and classifying functional occlusion has not been established. The prevalence of anterior protected articulation is not known. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of various functional occlusal contact patterns, including anterior protected articulation, among dental students. Material and methodsOcclusal contacts were examined during lateral excursions from the maximal intercuspal position to the canine-to-canine position in 100 young adults. A combination of 3 common clinical methods was used: a visual examination, articulating paper, and feedback from the participants. ResultsData from 3 classification systems were analyzed: (1) Occlusal contacts on the working side only – canine protected articulation was present in 25% of laterotrusions; anterior protected articulation was present in 18.5% of laterotrusions. Group function was present in 56% of laterotrusions. Other schemes were present in 0.5% of laterotrusions. (2) Contacts on both the working and the nonworking side. (3) Contacts on the working and nonworking side during both right and left laterotrusion. Nonworking side contacts were present in 33% of the participants. Nonworking side interference was present in 1 participant. ConclusionsThe prevalence of anterior protected articulation found in this study was high enough to allow anterior protected articulation to be considered one of the fundamental working side occlusal contact patterns. More studies will be necessary to confirm this finding.

Clinical analysis of changes in function of the temporomandibular joint after open reduction and internal fixation of mandible fracture

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the change in function of temporomandibular joint after open reduction and internal fixation of mandible fracture. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on fifty patients with mandible fractures (excluding condyle fractures) that were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and were followed up to 12-24 months postoperatively. Fifty normal individuals of the same age group with fracture patients were randomly selected. Range of motion of mandible was recorded in both the groups and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. One-way ANOVA and ' t ' tests were used as appropriate. Results: In the fracture group, mean inter-incisal opening, lateral excursion and protrusion in millimeters were 37.16 ± 1.07; 5.34 ± 0.37 and 5.38 ± 0.30, respectively, whereas mean interincisal opening, lateral excursion and protrusion in millimeters were 46.9 ± 2.88, 8.98 ± 0.89 and 7.46 ± 0.83, respectively, in the control group. In the fracture group, 14 had click on opening and 18 developed crepitation on joint movement where as in the control group, 6 had click and 6 had crepitation on joint movement. Similarly 22 patients in the fracture group developed deviation on opening mouth compared to 10 in the control group. Conclusion: Range of motion of mandible is decreased in patients operated for mandibular fractures. Deviation on opening and joint sounds especially crepitus are higher in operated patients. These patients require aggressive mouth opening exercises and regular evaluation in a post operative period.

Çift Skleral Flepli Eviserasyonda İmplant Motilitesi

Objective: To evaluate the presence of implant motility in each cardinal position associated with two-scleral flaps evisceration. Material and Methods: In this interventional case series, the medical records of 38 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Patients that underwent two-scleral flaps evisceration with placement of a spherical acrylic implant were reviewed. The patients instructed to look in 6 extreme gaze directions (superior, inferior, medial, and lateral and superior medial and inferior medial). The horizontal and vertical excursions were measured with a standard millimeter ruler based on any hollow on socket surface and over than four mm excursion was regarded as positive implant motility. Main outcome measure is implant motility. Results: Among the 38 patients, 19 (50%) were male and 19 (50%) were female. Mean patient age at the time of surgery was 29.1 years (range: 5-83 years); 6 patients were aged <14 years. Mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 6 months (range: 3-12 months). Medial and lateral excursions over 4 mm were achieved in all patients. Inferior excursion over 4 mm was achieved in 25 (65.9%) patients, superior excursions over 4 mm was achieved 20 (52.6%) patients. Oblique muscle function has been completely disabled in all patients. Mild ptosis was observed in all patients. Conclusion: In two-scleral flaps evisceration method some implant motility can obtained. But it does not take into account tenon's capsule-pulley and physiological dynamics of extraocular muscles and check ligaments. Therefore this method is falling in contruction of full implant motility and it can not obviate incomitance between eviscerated eye and fellow eye.