Latent Demand Research Articles

Mapping out the current and ideal weekly distribution of remote work in France after COVID-19

The recent rise of telework brings new debates on the impacts on travel behavior and transportation systems. One key issue concerns the weekly number and distribution of remote workdays, which affects transportation networks and their congestion levels. Using data from an online survey conducted in spring 2022 in France, Bayesian regressions and a multilevel model are used to analyze employee’s current and ideal weekly number and distribution of full-day home-based remote workdays. Firstly, the findings highlight a latent demand for more remote workdays, especially among people working remotely 1 day a week. Secondly, data show a concentration of current and ideal remote workdays on Fridays, followed by Mondays and Wednesdays. Thirdly, and finally, our results show that employer’s strategies and the nature of the sector (public or private) both contribute to explain the current and ideal weekly distribution of remote workdays. These results indicate that remote work should continue to develop and be distributed unevenly over the days of the week. This uneven distribution should impact travel behavior and traffic congestion.

Gender Issues, Social Equity, and the Sustainable Management of Urban Transport Networks: An Italian Case Study

The paper contains transport and environmental analyses for the Gallipoli area and presents results from a consultation process involving transport operators, citizens, tourists, public employees, and stakeholders. Through statistical analysis of the data, the paper provides insights into the needs of specific user categories, highlighting gender issues and social equity as key aspects of urban policies. This paper further investigates users’ potential willingness to pay for general improvements in bus service quality and environmental conditions using discrete choice modeling. This study aims to address the challenge of understanding urban travel patterns and the underlying forces influencing user attitudes, which are often found in city surveys. Specifically, a Random Utility Model was used to profile users based on specially collected survey data. The results indicate the potential to meet latent systemic transport demand with more sustainable collective transport modes, particularly among women aged 19-29 who own a car. Simultaneously, there is a willingness to pay higher public transport tariffs for improved service, which is also largely environmentally sustainable. The paper can serve as a valuable resource for professionals in the transport and environmental sectors as well as for policymakers.

When green transportation backfires: High-speed rail's impact on transport-sector carbon emissions from 315 Chinese cities

High-speed rail is often viewed as a green transportation mode, substituting for carbon-intensive vehicular and aviation trips. However, its potential to induce additional travel demand and transport-sector carbon emissions has been largely overlooked. Here, we empirically examine the impacts of high-speed rail accessibility, the ease with which one city can reach other cities via the high-speed rail network, on transport-sector carbon emissions across 315 Chinese cities between 2010 and 2020, using a two-stage least squares model. Contrary to the anticipated emission-reduction effect, our analysis suggests a net positive impact of high-speed rail on transport-sector carbon emissions. Specifically, a 1% increase in high-speed rail accessibility leads to a 0.18% increase in transport-sector carbon emissions in the long run, as carbon emissions generated from induced travel demand have outweighed the carbon savings from substitution for carbon-intensive inter-city trips. This high-speed rail-induced increase in carbon emissions is observed in the road transport subsector, while the aviation subsector exhibits a compensatory reduction. Moreover, we find that integrating the high-speed rail network into local subway systems can curb the emission-intensifying effect, highlighting the importance of joint public transit planning. This study reveals an unexpected environmental impact of high-speed rail, conveying valuable insights into transport-sector decarbonization.

Assessment of demand for male contraceptives: A multi-country study.

As of 2019, high unmet contraceptive needs in low- and middle-income countries result in nearly half of all pregnancies being unintended. Additional male contraceptive options could help, but gaps remain in assessing demand for them. As the development of novel male contraceptives progresses, addressing these gaps would help inform policy and scientific direction. Measure consumer demand for novel male contraceptives and identify product attributes associated with men's preferences. A cross-sectional, probability-based-sample survey was conducted with 12,435 sexually active, fertile cisgender, heterosexual men aged 18-60 years, and 9,122 of their female partners in Bangladesh, Vietnam, Kenya, Nigeria, DR Congo, and Côte d'Ivoire from May 2021 to October 2022. The survey was also conducted in the United States among 3,243 of these men in April 2022. A follow-up with 3,070 men in May 2023 assessed potential changes in demand after the Supreme Court's Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision. The surveys assessed contraceptive use, perceptions, and sociodemographic characteristics, and a discrete choice experiment evaluated preferences for 11 potential product attributes. Data from female partners in the six LMICs indicated their interest and trust in male partners' contraceptive use. On average, 61% of men showed interest in trying novel male contraceptives in their first year of availability, ranging from 39% and 49% (pre- and post-Dobbs) in the United States to 76% in Nigeria and Bangladesh. Form of administration and time of use drove men's product preferences. Female partners' interest and trust in male contraceptive use were high across geographies. This study reveals strong latent demand for novel male contraceptives, highlighting the potential for novel male methods to meet unmet needs, and female partners' trust in men to use them. High demand for novel male contraceptives among men and their partners exists, supporting investment in their development.

Do Engineering Instructors Teach Induced Travel? If Not, Why Not?

As travel costs fall with new capacity, the quantity of travel increases. This concept—induced travel—has profound implications but remains unevenly embraced in practice. Do instructors teach it in transportation engineering classrooms? What explains their pedagogical decisions? Interviews with university instructors revealed remarkable variation. Whereas some featured induced travel as a key takeaway, others omitted the idea entirely. Instructors also varied in their willingness to critique standard engineering practices; some were largely uncritical while others sought to “counteract conventional wisdom.” In justifying their choices, instructors offered a range of overlapping concerns. Those who “believed” in induced travel but did not teach it often lacked expertise in the area and were uneasy teaching “soft” concepts. Because teaching was seen as a lower priority than conducting research, instructors had little motivation to overcome those challenges. Instructors also advanced pragmatic concerns about the need to prepare students for the Fundamentals of Engineering exam and their careers. Instructors who were more skeptical of induced travel wondered whether seemingly new travel was instead shifted or previously suppressed. Some of these instructors argued that even if new travel was indeed induced, engineers still had a responsibility to accommodate it. Finally, the contested language of induced travel can lead parties to talk past each other. “Believers” and “skeptics” sometimes have more in common than initially thought. However, there are still profound disagreements—about induced travel, standard engineering practices, and indeed the very purpose of engineering. In these debates it will be essential to operate from a shared vocabulary.

Potential effects of automated driving on vehicle travel demand: A comparison of three case cities

Automated vehicles (AVs) hold the potential to reduce road accidents, mitigate traffic congestion, and improve travel experience. However, the possible countervailing impacts from the changes in underserved populations' vehicle travel demand tend to be overlooked. To determine the vehicle travel demand changes that resulted from underserved populations aged between 6 and 80, this paper explores the latent effect of AVs on vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) in a fully AV environment using person trip survey data from the cities of Sanya, Shijiazhuang, and Shenzhen in China. This paper uses the natural decline hypothesis of travel demand and proposes a regression model to investigate the difference among the cities' latent vehicle travel demand. Results show that the average VKT of the overall population in Sanya, Shijiazhuang, and Shenzhen increased by 33.4%, 47.0%, and 46.8%, respectively. The analysis of the regression model confirms that the current travel behavior of individuals can affect the degree of increase in their average VKT. Integrating AVs into public transport, increasing the acceptance of automated shared mobility options, transforming road space use type, and prototyping AV designs with various features and needs are potential methods to cope with the countervailing impacts. The total VKT of the overall population increased by approximately 10%–25% depending on the city. The conclusions of this paper provide informative insights into the evaluation of VKT for underserved populations and contribute to the deployment of AVs to address equity and inclusion issues.

Path-Based Formulations for the Design of On-demand Multimodal Transit Systems with Adoption Awareness

This paper reconsiders the On-Demand Multimodal Transit Systems (ODMTS) Design with Adoptions problem (ODMTS-DA) to capture the latent demand in on-demand multimodal transit systems. The ODMTS-DA is a bilevel optimization problem, for which Basciftci and Van Hentenryck proposed an exact combinatorial Benders decomposition. Unfortunately, their proposed algorithm only finds high-quality solutions for medium-sized cities and is not practical for large metropolitan areas. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a new path-based optimization model, called P-Path, to address these computational difficulties. The key idea underlying P-Path is to enumerate two specific sets of paths which capture the essence of the choice model associated with the adoption behavior of riders. With the help of these path sets, the ODMTS-DA can be formulated as a single-level mixed-integer programming model. In addition, the paper presents preprocessing techniques that can reduce the size of the model significantly. P-Path is evaluated on two comprehensive case studies: the midsize transit system of the Ann Arbor – Ypsilanti region in Michigan (which was studied by Basciftci and Van Hentenryck) and the large-scale transit system for the city of Atlanta. The experimental results show that P-Path solves the Michigan ODMTS-DA instances in a few minutes, bringing more than two orders of magnitude improvements compared with the existing approach. For Atlanta, the results show that P-Path can solve large-scale ODMTS-DA instances (about 17 millions variables and 37 millions constraints) optimally in a few hours or in a few days. These results show the tremendous computational benefits of P-Path which provides a scalable approach to the design of on-demand multimodal transit systems with latent demand. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work was partially supported by National Science Foundation Leap-HI [Grant 1854684] and the Tier 1 University Transportation Center (UTC): Transit - Serving Communities Optimally, Responsively, and Efficiently (T-SCORE) from the U.S. Department of Transportation [69A3552047141]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0014 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0014 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .

Uncovering suppressed travel: A scoping review of surveys measuring unmet transportation need

Unrealized travel and its associated activity participation is included in many overlapping concepts in the literature—unmet need, latent demand, suppressed travel, and forgone travel. In this scoping review, we focus on suppressed travel, which we define as travel, and associated activity participation, that is unrealized due to transportation-related social exclusion and associated mobility barriers. We review how researchers have measured suppressed travel using surveys, identifying which populations are studied (who), which destinations are considered (where), how questions are structured (how), which barriers are identified as causes of suppressed travel (why), and to what extent questions address suppressed desires and mobility horizons (what). We also assess study quality. We conducted a search using sets of keywords relating to equity, transportation, and surveys. We identified 3,522 unique abstracts from Web of Science and Scopus published since the year 2000. Two undergraduate reviewers independently screened the abstracts with author oversight. The authors conducted full-text reviews of 533 remaining studies. Of these, 158 survived to data extraction, and 19 of those could ultimately be included in this analysis. We find strong evidence of travel suppression among older adults and people with disabilities. Insufficient transit service and dependency on others for rides are identified as primary causes. Among the general population, unrealized travel is greater for leisure and eating out trips, while populations experiencing TRSE face travel suppression for work, education, and other essential trips. We identify gaps in populations and causes studied and conclude with recommendations on how to advance knowledge in this area.

Barriers and motivating factors for licensed practical nurses to pursue a bachelor's degree in nursing

BackgroundConnecticut License Practical Nurses (LPNs) face unique challenges in pursuing higher education. Understanding these challenges is essential for addressing the current nursing shortage and enhancing the nursing workforce's educational level. PurposeThis project aimed to identify the barriers preventing Connecticut LPNs from pursuing higher education and the factors motivating them to obtain a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing (BSN) and Registered Nurse (RN) licensure. MethodA survey was administered to 13,684 LPNs in Connecticut after Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Of these, 1791 LPNs consented to participate, with 1424 completing at least one survey question. The survey was designed to identify the top three motivators and barriers influencing LPNs' decisions to pursue further education. ResultsThe primary motivators identified were the desire for college credits for completed LPN coursework (96.7 %), a simplified BSN enrollment procedure (93.8 %), and potential salary increases (93.7 %). Conversely, the top barriers were current financial position (76.4 %), personal responsibilities (71.1 %), and the requirement to repeat previously taken courses (65.9 %). An unexpected finding was that 63 participants expressed readiness to immediately pursue a BSN degree, indicating a strong latent demand for advanced nursing education. ConclusionThe study highlights the eagerness of LPNs to advance their education, contingent on receiving credit for previous coursework, financial aid, tuition reimbursement, and flexible schooling options. These findings suggest the need for tailored educational programs and support systems to facilitate LPNs' transition to higher educational levels, addressing both the motivators and barriers identified.

Validation of phenomenon and cross-sectional investigation of predictors for a post-COVID-19 surge of osteoporosis outpatients in China

An unexpected surge of osteoporosis outpatients occurred after COVID-19 lockdown was lifted in China. To confirm the observation and identify possible reasons driving patients care seeking behaviors post-pandemic, we compared the outpatient volumes at the osteoporosis clinic in January through May, 2019–2022 and surveyed seven osteoporosis specialists across China to validate the phenomenon before devising an online questionnaire to collect patients’ characters and physical activity levels. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were calculated to identify predictors of post-lockdown care-seeking. We received 480 valid responses, including 397 (82.7%) patients having visited the clinic after lockdown and 83 (17.3%) having not. Four significant predictors were identified, including being female, experiencing pain, aggravating symptoms, and heightened anxiety during lockdown (P < 0.05). Both groups experienced lower physical activity levels during lockdown, which however was not a significant predictor (P = 0.317). The surge in osteoporosis outpatient visits after COVID-19 lockdown suggests vast latent demand for osteoporosis care accumulated during the pandemic. Four significant factors predict post-lockdown outpatient care-seeking, including being female, experiencing pain and aggravating symptoms, and heightened anxiety levels. Though physical activity levels decreased during lockdown, it failed to predict care-seeking. This demonstrates resilience of osteoporosis patients to resume regular care despite disruption and stress the substantial backlog of unmet healthcare needs.

The relevance of social factors in sharing a trip with strangers: Creating travel communities in the autonomous vehicles era

There has been a growing interest in autonomous vehicles (AVs) for the past few years due to technological innovation and their far-reaching expected impacts on urban mobility. The impact of AVs depends ultimately on how the technology will be adopted, e.g. privately or shared AVs (SAVs), and integrated into the socio-technical mobility system. In this study, we evaluate how social considerations and the AV technology may enhance new social arrangements for travel, especially for groups suffering from some disadvantages in accessing transport. Particularly, we explore a proposed new form of social arrangement, coined “Travel Community” (TC), to create shared AVs trips based on individual preferences. An online national representative sample in Israel was conducted (N = 1009). The data was analyzed using multivariate methods including multinomial logistic regression models for the willingness to adopt TC in two contexts: commuting (TCC) and travel leisure (TCL). The findings suggest that TC was well accepted by the participants under certain assumptions and could address latent demand for improving travel options for people with different constraints accessing transport, such as women, young, sporadic travelers, and low-income individuals. The personal social preferences option might help overcome psychological barriers regarding shared mobility, such as the fear of sharing the trip with strangers and a social value promoting a new kind of social interaction. Planners and stakeholders should consider social considerations' relevance (opportunities and risks) for promoting and creating new forms of mobility and improving urban sustainability and social inclusion.

Spillover Effect of Large Building Construction on Neighborhood Office Rents

The impact of newly constructed buildings on local property markets can be explained by tradeoffs between the supply effect, absorbing demand and reducing rents, and the amenity effect, attracting new amenities and increasing rent. While scholars are increasingly discussing the effects of this tradeoff, particularly in the residential market, work on the office market—a major component of urban areas—is scarce. This study aims to identify these tradeoffs in the Tokyo office market using two identification strategies based on an event study plot. The results indicate a strong spillover of supply effects to lower-tier office buildings. However, in suburban areas, new supply was found to decrease rents for medium-sized office buildings while increasing rents for small ones. In all cases, similarly sized office buildings near the new buildings were not significantly affected. These findings suggest that new supply leads to a filtering process and gentrification and, moreover, that these effects depend on location and size. Furthermore, the results suggest that the new Tokyo supply stimulates latent demand. Such an effect may be unique to a market in which vacancies are low and development is thriving. Our findings are important for investors seeking to understand urban dynamics and optimize their portfolios.

Consumer Food Safety Awareness and Demand for Fluid Milk: A Case Study from India

ABSTRACT: Despite significant improvements in consumers’ food safety awareness, the literature provides little or no evidence of the impact of food safety awareness on the quantity of fluid milk consumers purchased. This is especially true for India’s consumers, where the economy is changing rapidly regarding food marketing, incomes, urbanization, and increased demand for food safety.The study is based on primary data from a survey of consumers from urban and peri-urban districts in India. The survey collected information on socioeconomic characteristics, dairy consumption, purchasing patterns, and food safety awareness. This study first creates a food safety awareness (FSA) index to measure consumers’ awareness of food safety attitudes and perceptions. It investigates the factors affecting consumers’ food safety awareness and FSA’s impact on fluid milk demand. The study uses a newly developed impact evaluation method, continuous treatment matching estimation, and dose-response functions (DRFs) to assess the impact of FSA on consumers’ fluid milk purchases. Findings show that educational attainment, sources of information on food safety, age, and gender of the head of the household significantly influenced consumers’ food safety awareness. Further, the study finds that food safety awareness positively impacts the demand for fluid milk. After controlling for milk prices and family income, Indian consumers aware of and adopt seven or more food safety habits or practices are likely to demand more fluid milk. Results are robust to specifications, income levels, and the location of households. The link between food safety awareness and the quantity of milk purchased implies a latent consumer demand for food safety. Any consumer awareness programs and policies supporting milk and its products’ hygienic production will likely increase demand for milk and dairy products. At a policy level, credible systems can be put in place for food certification and labeling, which enhance the availability of safe and hygienic food.

From relevant to usable: Swedish agricultural extension officers’ perspectives on climate change projections

This study investigates the potential relevance, usefulness, and usability of climate change projections for Swedish agricultural planning and management. Although research indicates the importance of specific users acting as knowledge brokers for climate information, there are knowledge gaps concerning agricultural extension officers’ use of climate information. Through a survey and stakeholder workshops, perspectives of Swedish agricultural extension officers on climate change projections were collected. The results provide insights into “what” information in climate change projections that is relevant and “how” climate information may be presented and used. Based on the analysis of the workshop dialogues, four themes outlining the “what” and “how” were identified: (i) a need for additional climate indicators for Swedish agriculture, (ii) the criticalness of temporal precision, (iii) trade-offs between providing precision and an overview, and (iv) a relevance – usability contradiction. These results inform the basis for ongoing research and practical applications focused on agriculturally tailored climate information, as well as the broader development of climate service methodology. The study reveals a latent demand for climate change projections among respondents, indicating a perceived relevance of information on future climates, but limited current use and usability among agricultural extension officers. The requisite for tailored climate indicators is clear – in this case, for Swedish agricultural planning and management – but critical usability challenges need to be addressed to move from providing relevant information to achieving actual usage that can enhance the climate resilience in Swedish agriculture.

The COVID-19 pandemic and discouraged borrowers among Hungarian companies

An increasing attention has been paid since the millennium to companies who have loan demand but are afraid of refusal. The self-rationing of loan demand is also affected by the coronavirus pandemic according to the economic literature, however, there are only a few empirical studies regarding this topic. Based on the corporate surveys of the Hungarian Development Bank (MFB-INDIKÁTOR) we analyse that to what extent and to which direction did the latent loan demand of the Hungarian companies change as a consequence of the pandemic, which corporate segments reacted more sensitively to the crisis, and whether there is a measurable effect of the negative perception towards the banks to the lending decisions of the companies. On the basis of the results of cross-tabulation analyses the pandemic moderated the fear of loan application only temporarily; the behaviour of older firms, larger companies and the agricultural sector can be considered relatively stable regarding this issue; finally the role of the experiences and in many cases the negative preconceptions about the banks having a long history together play important roles in self-restraint.

Sharing norm, household efficiency and female demand for agency in the Philippines

Households in the Philippines are characterized by durable unions and a relatively high status of women who are entrusted with the management of household finances. In this setting conducive to cooperation, we expect households to be less inefficient than in other contexts and women to be more inclined to contribute to household income than men. We run experimental games with couples in the rural Philippines i) to test the existence of a sharing rule favouring women; ii) to measure the degree of overall household efficiency and iii) to trace the latter to gender specific behaviors.We first find the prevalence of a strong sharing norm whereby women secure about two thirds of the total couple payoffs, in line with their prominent role in the family. However, couples, and in particular women, incur large efficiency losses of about half of the potential gains offered by the games. We interpret this finding as revealing a strong, latent demand for agency by women who express a strong preference for own money over (larger) transfers from their husband as the latter involve an implicit control over their use. These findings challenge a naive view of female empowerment that solely focuses on the nominal control over household resources.

Transitioning through the vapour-liquid equilibrium for low energy thermal stripping of ammonia from wastewater: Enabling transformation of NH3 into a zero-carbon fuel

Vacuum thermal stripping permits the recovery of ammonia from wastewater in a concentrated form, which is key to its exploitation in the circular economy, but the latent heat demand for thermal separation remains a critical barrier to exploitation. In this study, we investigate the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) for ammonia-water as a mechanism to enhance recovered ammonia quality and minimise the thermal energy required for ammonia separation. Below the dew point (65 °C at 0.25 bar) a two-phase region of the VLE exists where 48 %wt gas-phase ammonia could be produced (61 °C) compared to only 2 %wt within the stripping region adopted widely in the literature. This was complemented by a 98 % reduction in thermal separation energy, since limited water vaporization can occur when the feed is maintained below the activation energy threshold for bulk evaporation. Operation within this practically unexplored region of the ammonia-water VLE fosters a gas-phase product suitable for energy generation in gas turbines or solid oxide fuel cells. Comparable product quality was achieved using concentrated wastewater, which validated the VLE for design in the presence of a broad range of dissolved gases and volatile inorganic compounds. Rapid desorption of CO2 occurred during vacuum stripping, subsequently increasing pH >9 without the requirement for alkali addition to shift the ammonia-ammonium equilibrium in favor of gaseous ammonia. Consequently, the two-phase region of the VLE defined for vacuum thermal stripping provides a synergistic strategy to mitigate chemical demand, minimise separation energy and recover gas-phase ammonia for zero carbon energy generation, constituting a significant advancement toward the net zero ambitions of the water sector.

Fiscal sustainability and the composition of government investment: The case of investment in road infrastructure

Road is the dominant mode of transport, and most investment in road infrastructure is undertaken by governments. Fiscal policy considerations exert therefore a profound impact on the size and quality of road networks. To understand the observed steep downtrends and volatility in road infrastructure investment in Europe since the financial crisis, this paper presents long- and shorter-term panel data analyses of their determinants. The results suggest that investment in road infrastructure is used by governments as an instrument to address fiscal debt sustainability concerns and to smooth out swings in government debt. Investment in road infrastructure also competes with other types of government investment, with a high negative elasticity with respect to investment in health and education. These results are striking in light of the high social cost of congestion, accidents, and other related negative externalities, but their welfare implications are not straight-forward to infer, including as higher road infrastructure investment may only have a limited and variable impact on congestion due to induced travel demand.

Leveraging Digital Empowerment for Green Product Innovation: Unraveling the Mediating Role of Resource Integration and Reconfiguration in Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

The rapid digital transformation and the imperative for sustainable practices have made it crucial for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to adapt and achieve green product innovation by effectively utilizing digital technologies. This study takes a resource-based perspective from strategic management and develops a chain mediation model to examine how Chinese manufacturing enterprises can achieve green product innovation through digital empowerment. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 229 managers, and a multiple mediation model was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings highlight that a higher level of digital business intensity positively influences green product innovation, with resource integration playing a significant mediating role. However, the mediating effect of resource reconfiguration is found to be non-significant. Furthermore, there exists a sequential chain mediation effect of resource integration and resource reconfiguration in the relationship between digital business intensity and green product innovation. To ensure successful green product innovation, Chinese manufacturing enterprises need to focus on accumulating R&amp;D experience and knowledge through resource integration, enabling them to identify latent market demand and develop corresponding green products. This approach facilitates an organic fusion of incremental and breakthrough innovation. The study contributes to the advancement of management paradigms driven by digitalization and the theory of green product innovation, offering valuable insights for Chinese manufacturing enterprises seeking to achieve green innovation through the effective utilization of digital technologies. Additionally, it provides practical implications for enhancing the adaptability of Chinese manufacturing enterprises to market demand and promoting the adoption of “dual carbon” practices.

Improving Reproductive and Maternal Healthcare Uptake in India: An Evaluation of Project Ujjwal Public-Private Partnership Program

Background and Objective: Project Ujjwall was a public private partnership established to improve maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in Bihar and Odisha in India. This paper examines whether Project Ujjwal meaningfully increased the usage of family planning methods and maternal health services to determine whether the Ujjwall program model should be expanded in India. This is the first attempt to establish the causal impact of Project Ujjwal on access to reproductive healthcare in India. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Family Health Survey of India. A difference-in-differences strategy and linear probability models were used to estimate the likelihood of ever having encountered family planning information or ever having used contraceptives, antenatal care, etc. Results: The sample size for Odisha was 4,540; the sample size for Bihar was 3,818; the total sample size for all states in the control group was 24,922. Within Odisha and Bihar, Project Ujjwal increased the likelihood of ever having used any contraceptive by 8.9%, increased the likelihood of having ever accessed antenatal care from a licensed doctor or nurse by 2.5% and increased the likelihood of having ever encountered family planning media by 5.1%. However, most results seem differentially driven by the success of the program in either Odisha or Bihar: among all results, only the odds that a woman received delivery assistance (2.8%) and the odds that a woman will have used oral contraceptives by (9.3%) increased statistically significant in both states. Conclusion and Implications for Translation: These results are promising and show Project Ujjwal may have been more effective than existing government programs. Limitations of this analysis include a lack of information about the demand generation tactics and an inability to include state-level fixed effects due to over-specification concerns. Disparities in the impact of Project Ujjwal on Bihar and Odisha and the lack of specific information about latent demand both suggest the need for further investigation. Copyright © 2023 Lokhande. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.