Late Type Research Articles

Nitrogen balance acts an indicator for estimating thresholds of nitrogen input in rice paddies of China

Decision-making related to nitrogen (N) fertilization is a crucial step in agronomic practices because of its direct interactions with agronomic productivity and environmental risk. Here, we hypothesized that soil apparent N balance could be used as an indicator to determine the thresholds of N input through analyzing the responses of the yield and N loss to N balance. Based on the observations from 951 field experiments conducted in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping systems of China, we established the relationships between N balance and ammonia (NH3) volatilization, yield increase ratio, and N application rate, respectively. Dramatical increase of NH3 volatilizations and stagnant increase of the rice yields were observed when the N surplus exceeded certain levels. Using a piecewise regression method, the seasonal upper limits of N surplus were determined as 44.3 and 90.9 kg N ha−1 under straw-return and straw-removal scenarios, respectively, derived from the responses of NH3 volatilization, and were determined as 53.0–74.9 and 97.9–112.0 kg N ha−1 under straw-return and straw-removal scenarios, respectively, derived from the maximum-yield consideration. Based on the upper limits of N surplus, the thresholds of N application rate suggested to be applied in single, middle-MLYR, middle-SW, early, and late rice types ranged 179.0–214.9 kg N ha−1 in order to restrict the NH3 volatilization, and ranged 193.3–249.8 kg N ha−1 in order to achieve the maximum yields. If rice straw was returned to fields, on average, the thresholds of N application rate could be theoretically decreased by 17.5 kg N ha−1. This study provides a robust reference for restricting the N surplus and the synthetic fertilizer N input in rice fields, which will guide yield goals and environmental protection.

Early Type II Endoleaks Are Associated With Late Type I and III Endoleaks, Higher Reintervention, and Post-Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Rupture: A Vascular Quality Initiative–Medicare Analysis

Type II endoleaks (TIIELs) are the most common complication after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with a reported occurrence rate ranging from 8% to 45%. However, their clinical significance is still a matter of debate. Treatment policies have varied from conservative management to angiographic evaluation and intervention. With most TIIELs managed conservatively, the question remains whether persistent collateral sac reperfusion increases the risk of reintervention, morbidity, or mortality. We assessed the effect of early TIIELs on the midterm outcomes after EVAR.

The circularization time-scales of late–type binary stars

ABSTRACT We examine the consequences of, and apply, the formalism developed in Terquem (2021) for calculating the rate DR at which energy is exchanged between fast tides and convection. In this previous work, DR (which is proportional to the gradient of the convective velocity) was assumed to be positive in order to dissipate the tidal energy. Here we argue that, even if energy is intermittently transferred from convection to the tides, it must ultimately return to the convective flow and transported efficiently to the stellar surface on the convective time-scale. This is consistent with, but much less restrictive than, enforcing DR > 0. Our principle result is a calculation of the circularization time-scale of late–type binaries, taking into account the full time evolution of the stellar structure. We find that circularization is very efficient during the PMS phase, inefficient during the MS, and once again efficient when the star approaches the RGB. These results are in much better agreement with observations than earlier theories. We also apply our formalism to hot Jupiters, and find that tidal dissipation in a Jupiter mass planet yields a circularization time-scale of 1 Gyr for an orbital period of 3 d, also in good overall agreement with observations. The approach here is novel, and the apparent success of the theory in resolving longstanding time-scale puzzles is compelling.

2D surface brightness modelling of large 2MASS galaxies – I: photometry and structural parameters

ABSTRACT We have studied a sample of 101 bright 2MASS galaxies from the Large Galaxy Atlas (LGA), whose morphologies span from early to late types. We have generated estimates for structural parameters through a two-dimensional surface brightness photometric decomposition in the three 2MASS bands (J, H, and Ks). This work represents a detailed multicomponent photometric study of nearby galaxies. We report total magnitudes, effective radii, and concentration indices, among other parameters, in the three 2MASS bands. We found that the integrated total magnitudes of early-type galaxies (ETGs) measured on 2MASS LGA mosaics are ∼0.35 mag dimmer, when compared with images generated from IRSA image tile service; nevertheless, when comparing late-type galaxies (LTGs) we did not find any difference. Therefore, for ETGs we present the results derived on IRSA image tiles, while for LTGs we used data from the LGA mosaics. Additionally, by combining these structural parameters with scaling relations and kinematic data, we separated classical bulges from pseudo-bulges. We found that ${\sim} 40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the objects in our sample are classified as pseudo-bulges, which are found preferentially in LTGs. Also, our findings confirm trends reported earlier in the distributions for some physical parameters, such as Sérsic index and B/T and q ratios. In general, our results are in agreement with previous one-dimensional studies. In a companion paper, we revise some of the scaling relations among global galaxy properties, as well as their interrelation with Supermassive Black Holes.

Prospective Multicentre Cohort Study of Fenestrated and Branched Endografts After Failed Endovascular Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm Repair with Type Ia Endoleak

Failed endovascular infrarenal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) due to development of late type Ia endoleak exposes patients to the risk of rupture and should be treated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of fenestrated/branched EVAR (F/BEVAR) for treatment of failed EVAR with type Ia endoleak. From January 2010 to December 2019, a prospective multicentre study was conducted (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04532450) that included 85 consecutive patients who had undergone F/BEVAR to treat a type Ia endoleak following EVAR. The primary outcome was overall freedom from any re-intervention or death related to the F/BEVAR procedure. In 30 cases (35%) EVAR was associated with a short < 10 mm or angulated (> 60°) infrarenal aortic neck, poor placement of the initial stent graft (n= 3, 4%), sizing error (n= 2, 2%), and/or stent graft migration (n= 7, 8%). Type Ia endoleak was observed after a period of 59 ± 25 months following EVAR. The authors performed 82 FEVAR (96%) and three BEVAR (4%) procedures with revascularisation of 305 target arteries. Overall technical success was 94%, with three failures including one persistent Type Ia endoleak and two unsuccessful stent graft implantations. Intra-operative target artery revascularisation was successful in 303 of 305 attempts. The in hospital mortality rate was 5%. Cardiac, renal and pulmonary complications occurred in 6%, 14%, and 7% of patients, respectively. Post-operative spinal cord ischaemia occurred in four patients (4.7%). At three years, the survival rate was 64% with overall freedom from any re-intervention or aneurysm related death of 40%, and freedom from specific F/BEVAR re-intervention of 73%. At three years, the secondary patency rate of the target visceral arteries was 96%. During follow up, 27 patients (33%) required a revision procedure of the fenestrated (n= 11) or index EVAR stent graft (n= 16), including six open conversions. While manufactured F/BEVAR was effective in treating type Ia endoleak in patients with failed EVAR, it was at the cost of a number of secondary endovascular and open surgical procedures.

The dipper population of Taurus seen with K2

Context. Dippers are typically low-mass, pre-main-sequence stars that display dips in their light curves. These dips have been attributed to dusty warps that form in the inner part of the disk. Aims. Our goal is to derive the characteristics of dipper stars in Taurus to assess the physical mechanisms that induce dipper light curves. Methods. We used the light curves of the fourth and thirteenth campaigns of K2 to select a dipper sample among 179 members and possible members of the Taurus star-forming region based on the light-curve morphology. We studied the periodicities by combining periodograms with wavelet analysis and derived the stellar parameters of the sample from the photometry. We also studied the morphology of the photometric dips. Results. We find a dipper occurrence of ~30% in disk-bearing stars observed with K2 that were identified visually by us. This represents a lower limit to their true occurrence, on the one hand because they are ephemeral, and on the other because there are detection limits. About half of the dippers are aperiodic, and most of these are dominated by another type of variability. The chosen sample is of late spectral type (K/M), low mass (mostly &lt;1 M⊙), and moderate mass accretion rates and has periods of a few days. We observed a transient dipper over a few rotation cycles and observed a dipper with a changing period. The structure of the dips can be complex and varies strongly over timescales of down to one stellar rotation. The corotation radii are located at a few stellar radii, and the temperatures at corotation allow dust survival. Many of the systems are seen at moderate to high inclination. We find that the angular extension of the dusty structure producing the dips is correlated with the stellar period. Conclusions. Magnetospheric accretion, which causes an accretion column and its base to occult the star, can explain most of the observed light curves. Although compatible with the model, many of the stellar inclination angles are moderate and do not exclude mechanisms other than the occultation by an inner disk warp to account for dipper light curves.

RESEARCHS OF KURGANS No. 33 AND 34 AT THE BURIAL GRAVE OF TAUSAMALY

The article presents the materials of archaeological research carried out in the field season of 2020 in the Aksu district, Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, by the employees of the Archaeological Expedition LLP. The works were carried out on mounds 33 and 34 of the Tausamaly burial ground. The burial ground consists of more than 80 embankments and occupies the entire alluvial cone of the Aksu River. The planigraphy of the burial ground, the construction of embankments, specific non-burial structures and the presence of a Pazyryk appearance on the northern outskirts of the monument (emergency excavations in 2019) made it possible to attribute the Tausamals to the Late Pazyryk type. As a result of new research, burials in stone boxes, on the back, with their heads in the northwestern sector, were revealed under the mounds of the mounds. Accompanying inventory and funeral rites allow the monuments to be dated to the end of the 1st millennium BC. Analogies are found in a small group of burials in stone and wooden boxes on the territory of Zhetysu. A similar type is found scattered among the mounds of the Sako-Usun time in the burial grounds of Kadyrbai III, at the Chilik tobacco state farm, Kzyl-Espe and others dating from the 4th century. BC. until the IV century. AD Newly examined burials in boxes supplement the available data, and their finding in a burial ground with pronounced Pazyryk features makes it possible to establish links for the entire group with the burial traditions of the nomads of Sayan-Altai and Mongolia at the end of the 1st millennium BC. and the turn of the era.

Exogenous melatonin decreases circadian misalignment and body weight among early types.

Shift workers experience chronic circadian misalignment, which can manifest itself in reduced melatonin production, and has been associated with metabolic disorders. In addition, chronotype modulates the effect of night shift work, with early types presenting greater circadian misalignment when working night shift as compared to late types. Melatonin supplementation has shown positive results reducing weight gain in animal models, but the effect of exogenous melatonin in humans on body weight in the context of shift work remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin on circadian misalignment and body weight among overweight night shift workers, according to chronotype, under real-life conditions. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial where melatonin (3mg) or placebo was administered on non-night shift nights for 12weeks in 27 female nurses (37.1 yo, ±5.9 yo; BMI 29.9kg/m2 , ±3.3kg/m2 ). Melatonin (or placebo) was only taken on nights when the participants did not work night shifts, that is, on nights when they slept (between night shifts and on days off). Composite Phase Deviations (CPD) of actigraphy-based mid-sleep timing were calculated to measure circadian misalignment. The analyses were performed for the whole group and by chronotype. We found approximately 20% reduction in circadian misalignment after exogenous melatonin administration considering all chronotypes. Moreover, melatonin supplementation in those who presented high circadian misalignment, as observed in early chronotypes, reduced body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference, without any change in the participants' calorie intake or physical activity levels.

Information Flow Control Based on Capability Token Validity for Secure IoT: Implementation and Evaluation

In the CBAC (Capability-Based Access Control) model proposed for realizing the secure IoT (Internet of Things), authorizers issue subjects capability tokens, i.e. sets of access rights on objects in devices. Objects are data resources which are used to store sensor data and action data. Data of an object may be stored in another object through communication among subjects and devices. A subject can get data of an object from another object even if the subject is not allowed to get the data, i.e. information illegally flows from the object to the subject. In addition, a subject can get data generated at time before which the capability token to get the data starts to be valid. Here, information flows from the object to the subject later than expected by the subject to get the data. In our previous studies, the OI (Operation Interruption) and the TBOI (Time-Based OI) protocols are proposed to interrupt operations implying illegal type of information flow and not only illegal but also late types of information flows, respectively. In this paper, the TBOI protocol is designed and implemented. In the evaluation, it is shown the late information flow is prevented in addition to the illegal one in the TBOI protocol although the request processing time is almost the same as the OI protocol.

Ivkivtsi — a New Late Zarubyntsi Culture Type of Sites at the Middle Dnieper

In the article, the problem of the Late Zarubyntsi monuments origin and the development of their interpretation are considered. The evolution of views on the Zarubyntsi culture from its identification to the defining the Late Zarubyntsi as a distinct stage is examined. The authors also study the newly discovered complex that consists of a settlement and a burial ground of the 1st—2nd centuries AD found near Ivkivtsi village (at Troianka tract), Chyhyryn district, Cherkasy Region. The monument was discovered at 2016. Permanent excavations have been started since 2017. Nowadays, the case when the settlement with a connected burial ground are studied at the same time is unique for the Middle Dnieper area. Previously, a similar complex was explored in 1960-ies in the Southern Bug region (Rakhny). In the article a brief overview of the settlement and the burial ground ceramics collection is provided. The comparison with the materials of the Classical Zarubyntsi culture and the Late Zarubyntsi in the Middle Dnieper region is made. Particular attention is paid to the comparison of ceramics. It is concluded that the materials from the settlement and the burial ground of Ivkivtsi have features of both the Classical Zarubyntsi culture and its late variant. The main complexes of the settlement and the burial ground are described. Imported finds are of special importance. There were quite close contacts of local tribes with neighboring Sarmatians according to the finds of fragments of Sarmatian mirrors and handmade ceramics. The possible trade relations with the Roman provinces are traced by the finds of a decent number of amphorae fragments of various types, terra sigillata and Roman type fibulae. The chronological boundaries of the monument have been revealed. The finds of fibulae of the Aucissa type, fragments of amphorae, Sarmatian mirrors, and a faience bead in the shape of a scarab are dated within the second half of the 1st century AD — the first half of the 2nd century AD On the basis of the data obtained from the excavations and the analysis of the known monuments of this period, it is concluded that Ivkivtsi complex differs from the known Liutizh type. To the authors opinion the Ivkivtsi type should be separated as a group of monuments of the Roman period on the studied territory.

Abstract #1003768: Non Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Late Onset 3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency Diagnosed as a Work Up of Infertility and Adrenal Adenoma

3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (3B-HSD) deficiency is a rare form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). It is an autosomal recessive disease leading to varying degrees of enzymatic defects. Presented is a case of late onset type 2 3B-HSD deficiency, diagnosed as a work up of infertility, adrenal adenoma, and high dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels.

Vegetation Reconstruction From Siberia and the Tibetan Plateau Using Modern Analogue Technique–Comparing Sedimentary (Ancient) DNA and Pollen Data

To reconstruct past vegetation from pollen or, more recently, lake sedimentary DNA (sedDNA) data is a common goal in palaeoecology. To overcome the bias of a researcher’s subjective assessment and to assign past assemblages to modern vegetation types quantitatively, the modern analogue technique (MAT) is often used for vegetation reconstruction. However, a rigorous comparison of MAT-derived pollen-based and sedDNA-based vegetation reconstruction is lacking. Here, we assess the dissimilarity between modern taxa assemblages from lake surface-sediments and fossil taxa assemblages from four lake sediment cores from the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau and northern Siberia using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, ordination methods, and Procrustes analyses. Modern sedDNA samples from 190 lakes and pollen samples from 136 lakes were collected from a variety of vegetation types. Our results show that more modern analogues are found with sedDNA than pollen when applying similarly derived thresholds. In particular, there are few modern pollen analogues for open vegetation such as alpine or arctic tundra, limiting the ability of treeline shifts to be clearly reconstructed. In contrast, the shifts in the main vegetation communities are well captured by sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA). For example, pronounced shifts from late-glacial alpine meadow/steppe to early–mid-Holocene coniferous forests to late Holocene Tibetan shrubland vegetation types are reconstructed for Lake Naleng on the south-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Procrustes and PROTEST analyses reveal that intertaxa relationships inferred from modern sedaDNA datasets align with past relationships generally, while intertaxa relationships derived from modern pollen spectra are mostly significantly different from fossil pollen relationships. Overall, we conclude that a quantitative sedaDNA-based vegetation reconstruction using MAT is more reliable than a pollen-based reconstruction, probably because of the more straightforward taphonomy that can relate sedDNA assemblages to the vegetation surrounding the lake.

Genetic discrimination of the Dingjiashan Pb-Zn deposit, SE China, based on sphalerite chemistry

The Dingjiashan Pb-Zn deposit (5.35 Mt Pb + Zn @ 1.14% Pb and 4.07% Zn) is hosted by pyroxene-dominated skarn occurring along the contact zones between Proterozoic quartz mica schist and marble in the central Fujian region of southeastern China. The ore genesis of Proterozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) vs. Late Mesozoic skarn type has long been debated. In this study, two types of sphalerite (sphalerite I and sphalerite II) were identified based on the mineral assemblages in the sulfide stage of the Dingjiashan deposit. Sphalerite I (including sphalerite Ia and sphalerite Ib subtypes), with a dark gray-blue to black coloring, is predominantly associated with pyrrhotite, whereas sphalerite II (including sphalerite IIa and sphalerite IIb subtypes) shows a light to dark gray-blue coloring and is mainly associated with galena and chalcopyrite. Geological features indicate that sphalerite I predates sphalerite II. Representative time-resolved depth profiles and mapping images based on the LA-ICP-MS method, coupled with inter-element correlation analyses, collectively illustrated that: 1) Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, In, Ga and Ge are present in solid solution; 2) Cu may occur both as solid solution and as micro-inclusions; 3) Ag, Pb and Bi may be intimately associated with galena inclusions hosted by sphalerite. The characteristics of trace and minor elements (such as Fe, Mn, In, Co, Ga, Ge, etc.), along with the results of GGIMFis geothermometer studies, indicate that the main mineralization stage occurred at high-temperature conditions (>300 °C). Compared to Pb-Zn deposits (including 6 VMS deposits and 9 skarn deposits) worldwide, sphalerite from the Dingjiashan Pb-Zn deposit exhibits similar ore-forming temperatures and trace/minor element compositions to those from skarn deposits, but is different to those from VMS deposits. This finding is of great significance for further exploration in the Dingjiashan deposit and—more broadly—the entire central Fujian region. It also provides an important future guide for the differentiation of VMS and skarn deposits.

The imperative-hortative paradigm in Biblical Hebrew in typological and diachronic view

Abstract In this paper, applying the cross-linguistic criterion of formal homogeneity, I represent the morphological properties of the imperative-hortative paradigm (volitive modals) in classical Biblical Hebrew: each personal form is marked individually; the 1st person hortative (traditionally called cohortative) has two freely distributed spelling variants, with and without the ending -ɔ̄; the 2nd person (imperative) has two contrasted forms—the basic one and one marked by the ending -ɔ̄; the 3rd person (jussive) has just one allomorph. The imperative—hortative forms are not available in syntactic subordination, but they are used in different types of dependent clauses introduced by the conjunction w- “and”. One of the major hallmarks of the Biblical Hebrew verbal system is the influence of other paradigms—w-perfect, imperfect, and infinitive absolute—on the imperative-hortative paradigm. The linguistic diversity in the Biblical Hebrew corpus points to other types of the imperative-hortative paradigm that are explained in terms of the linguistic chronology—the archaic type and the late type of the imperative-hortative paradigm in Biblical Hebrew. In the conclusion, I will point to the circularity in the diachronic development of the volitive forms in Biblical Hebrew and to the correlation of the diachronic development with the cross-linguistic typology.

Combined graft surgery technique in the management of late endovascular aneurysm repair type III endoleak. A case report

Recently, the endovascular approach in abdominal aorta aneurysm (AAA) management has become a more popular and alternative approach to open surgery, mainly when is achieved to proper patients that is more comfortable for both patient and surgeon. In this case, our patient developed Type III endoleak complication after 2 years of the Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedure and was treated by open surgery and combined graft technique.

Fetal and neonatal outcomes in early onset versus late onset pre-eclampsia-a comparative study

Background: Pre-eclampsia is typed as two different entities: early-onset preeclampsia occurring at less than 34 weeks of gestation, and late-onset occurring at 34 or more weeks of gestation. The aim of this study is to compare the fetal and neonatal outcomes in early versus late onset preeclampsia.Methods: 208 patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia in Shri Sathya Sai medical college and research institute over a period of three years (From January 2016 to January 2019) were retrospectively studied. Patients were classified as early onset and late onset pre-eclampsia based on the gestational age of onset. Data on fetal and neonatal outcomes were collected and analysed using Chi square and Fisher’s test and compared.Results: Early onset and late onset pre-eclampsia were 34.6% and 65.3%. The incidence of oligohydramnios, SGA, low APGAR at 5 minutes of birth were high in early onset type. 64.9% of early onset type required NICU admission whereas only 38.23% new born of mothers with late onset type required NICU admissions.10.8% of babies of patients with early onset type were still born. The incidence of NICU admissions, requirement of respiratory support, duration of NICU stay were significantly high in early onset type.Conclusions: Patients with early onset pre-eclampsia are found to have higher rates of specific fetal and neonatal morbidity when compared to the late onset type. Prudent and close scrutinizing and follow up and delaying delivery in stable and appropriately selected patients with pre-eclampsia would be advantageous for neonates.

Chronotype-specific Sleep in Two Versus Four Consecutive Shifts.

The study aimed to explore chronotype-specific effects of two versus four consecutive morning or night shifts on sleep-wake behavior. Sleep debt and social jetlag (a behavioral proxy of circadian misalignment) were estimated from sleep diary data collected for 5 weeks in a within-subject field study of 30 rotating night shift workers (29.9 ± 7.3 years, 60% female). Mixed models were used to examine whether effects of shift sequence length on sleep are dependent on chronotype, testing the interaction between sequence length (two vs. four) and chronotype (determined from sleep diaries). Analyses of two versus four morning shifts showed no significant interaction effects with chronotype. In contrast, increasing the number of night shifts from two to four increased sleep debt in early chronotypes, but decreased sleep debt in late types, with no change in intermediate ones. In early types, the higher sleep debt was due to accumulated sleep loss over four night shifts. In late types, sleep duration did not increase over the course of four night shifts, so that adaptation is unlikely to explain the observed lower sleep debt. Late types instead had increased sleep debt after two night shifts, which was carried over from two preceding morning shifts in this schedule. Including naps did not change the findings. Social jetlag was unaffected by the number of consecutive night shifts. Our results suggest that consecutive night shifts should be limited in early types. For other chronotypes, working four night shifts might be a beneficial alternative to working two morning and two night shifts. Studies should record shift sequences in rotating schedules.

Deep Learning Based Sea Ice Classification with Gaofen-3 Fully Polarimetric SAR Data

In this paper, the performance of C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Gaofen-3 (GF-3) quad-polarization Stripmap (QPS) data is assessed for classifying late spring and summer sea ice types. The investigation is based on 18 scenes of GF-3 QPS data acquired in the Arctic Ocean in 2017. In this study, floe ice (FI), brash ice (BI) between floes and open water (OW, ice-free area) were classified based on a mini sea ice residual convolutional network, which we call MSI-ResNet. While investigating the optimal patch size for MSI-ResNet, we found that, as the patch size continues to grow, the classification accuracy first increases and then decreases. A patch size of 31 × 31 was found to achieve the best performance. The performance of classification using different polarization combinations from the QPS data was also assessed. The vertical-vertical (VV) polarization input overestimates the FI category while incorrectly identifying most of the BI as FI. The VH polarization produces a synchronous improvement in FI, BI, and OW discrimination, with a higher overall accuracy and kappa coefficient (91.09% and 0.85, respectively) than the VV polarization (83.37% and 0.70, respectively). The combination of VV and vertical-horizontal (VH) polarizations presents a modest precision improvement for BI and OW together with a slight overestimation for FI. With VV, VH, and horizontal-horizontal (HH) polarization data as the inputs, the user’s accuracy improves to 95.12%, 93.42%, and 95.17% for FI, BI, and OW, respectively. The accuracy was assessed against visual interpretation of the sea ice classes in the images using a stratified sampling method. The application of the MSI-ResNet method to data covering the Beaufort Sea and the north of the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago was found to achieve a high overall accuracy (kappa) of 94.62% (±0.92) and 94.23% (±0.90), respectively. This is similar to the classification accuracy obtained in the Fram Strait. From the results of this study, it is shown that the MSI-ResNet method performs better than the classical support vector machine (SVM) classifier for sea ice discrimination. The GF-3 QPS mode data also show more details in discriminating scattered sea ice floes than the coincident Sentinel-1A Extra Wide (EW) swath mode data.

On the relationships between the Al2SiO5 polymorphs during formation of blastomylonites (North Yenisei Ridge)

Relevance. When mapping the vast areas of the Precambrian polymetamorphic complexes in the North Yenisei Ridge, there is a problem of metamorphism interpretation and phasing of geological development of a particular area along with thrust tectonics. The solution of these issues is also of great importance for the purposes of areas delineation of metamorphic rocks that are favorable for the detection of high-alumina (andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite) schists. Purpose of the work: to substantiate and itemize some geological prospecting, mineralogical and petrological indicator criteria for the development of high-alumina garnet-kyanite-staurolite blastomylonites of dislocation metamorphism formed by andalusite-bearing rocks of regional metamorphism. Research methodology: detailed mapping of structural-metamorphic zoning of dislocation (collisional) metamorphism in the Mayakon key area with sampling of polymetamorphic rocks for petrographic studies of mineral parageneses. Investigation of polished thin sections of polymetamorphic rocks by microprobe analysis with elucidation of minerals zoning, their chemical composition, calculation of the Р–Т paths of metamorphism and determination of the absolute age of blastomylonite formation based on the 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite. Analysis and generalization of the results obtained for the Mayakon area and their comparison with other key areas of the North Yenisei Ridge. Results. At the Mayakon potential area, a progressive metamorphic zoning of kyanite-bearing blastomylonites has been identified, and the transitional I, outer II, middle III, and inner zones are determined as the dislocation metamorphism intensifies towards the Panimba thrust fault. Based on the compositions of garnets, biotite, and plagioclase, the P–T paths of the early regional metamorphism of andalusite-sillimanite type and late local kyanitesillimanite type were calculated. A list of geological prospecting, petrological and isotope-geochronological criteria for recognizing blastomylonites among rocks of regional metamorphism in thrust zones has been substantiated and itemized. Conclusions. Method of polymetamorphism reconstruction in the North Yenisei Ridge shows that tectonic inversion conditions took place in the Neoproterozoic, in the late Tonian era (~850 Ma ago In terms of occurrences, they are related to the final stage of the Grenville orogeny (1.1–0.85 Ga). The formation of blastomylonites of dislocation (collisional) metamorphism by metapelites of regional metamorphism in thrust zones is accompanied by an increase in the number of mineral phases and leads to a reduction in usable space of high-alumina andalusite schists.

Remodeling of Abdominal Aortic Angulation and Curvature After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in Patients With vs Without Late Type Ia Endoleak or Endograft Migration

Purpose: To investigate aortic remodeling of the supra- and infrarenal aorta from preoperative to 1 month and midterm follow-up after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) by analyzing changes in angulation and curvature in patients with vs without late type Ia endoleak or device migration. Materials and Methods: From a multicenter database, 35 patients (mean age 76±5 years; 31 men) were identified with late (>1 year) type Ia endoleak or endograft migration (≥10 mm) and defined as the complication group. The control group consisted of 53 patients (mean age 75±7 years; 48 men) with >1-year computed tomography angiography (CTA) follow-up and no evidence of endoleaks. Suprarenal and infrarenal angles were measured on centerline reconstructions of the preoperative, 1-month, and midterm CTA scans. The value and location relative to baseline of maximum suprarenal and infrarenal curvature were determined semiautomatically using dedicated software. Changes were determined at 1 month compared with the preoperative CTA and at midterm compared with 1 month. Results: Preoperative suprarenal angulation was significantly greater in the complication group compared to the controls (34°±18° vs 24°±17°, p=0.008). It decreased significantly at 1 month in the complication group (29°±16°, p=0.011) and at midterm follow-up in the controls (20°±19°, p<0.001). Preoperative infrarenal angulation was not significantly different (57°±15° vs 49°±24°, p=0.114). This measurement increased significantly through midterm follow-up in the complication group (63°±23°, p<0.001) but remained stable in the controls (46°±22°). Preoperative suprarenal curvature was not significantly different (38±22 m−1 vs 29±25 m−1, p=0.115). This variable increased significantly through midterm follow-up in the complication group (44±22 m−1) but remained constant in the controls (28±22 m−1). Preoperative infrarenal curvature was significantly greater in the complication group (77±29 m−1 vs 65±28 m−1, p=0.047) and decreased significantly in both groups during midterm follow-up (50±17 m−1 vs 41±19 m−1 p=0.033). The location of the maximum curvature with regard to baseline shifted significantly distally in the complication group (54±43 to 72±41 mm, p<0.001), while it remained stable in the controls (46±33 to 48±31 mm). Conclusion: At midterm follow-up, significant differences in supra- and infrarenal angulation and curvature were observed between patients with vs without type Ia endoleak or migration. The location of the maximum curvature shifted distally in patients with complications. The aortic morphology is more stable during midterm follow-up in the patients without endoleaks.