Late Abortion Research Articles

Development of equine herpesvirus 1 persistently infected human lymphoblastoid cells expressing latency-associated transcripts

Equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) is one of the most important equine viral pathogens causing respiratory disease in young animals, late-term abortions, neonatal foal mortality and myeloencephalopathy. Following acute infection, recovered animals develop life-long latent infection, with periodic reactivation. Latency is detected by demonstration of latency-associated transcripts (LATs) in selected tissues by PCR-based assays. EHV1 produces productive lytic infection in available susceptible cell culture systems within 1 week of infection and no in vitro model for studying the mechanism of EHV1 persistence, latency and reactivation is available. The objective of the present study was to establish persistently infected cells and to see whether these cells express LATs. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-transformed human lymphoblastoid cells (LCs) were infected with EHV1 and observed for 120 days. Infectious extracellular and intracellular EHV1 was detected in LCs with mean titres of 104.35±0.09/ml and 101.78±0.12/ml, respectively, at 8, 30 and 120 days post-infection. Virus in infected LCs was also demonstrated by immunofluorescence and nested PCR. LATs corresponding to ORF64 in EHV1-infected LCs were detected from day 16 to day 120 post-infection by nested PCR and quantitative PCR. This is the first report of expression of LAT in EHV1 persistently infected LCs. These persistently infected cells may serve as model for understanding EHV1-associated latency.

Pathogenicity study of Equine herpesvirus 1 Infection in balb/c mouse model

Equine Herpes Virus 1 (EHV1) is one of the most ubiquitous viral pathogens of equines causing respiratory symptoms, late-term abortion, neonatal mortality, and neurological disorders. Apart from horses, mice are generally used as an experimental model as it mimics many features of the natural infection. The present study describes the pathological lesions in 3-4 weeks old BALB/c mice infected with 107 PFU of wild EHV1 vRaj strain. Post inoculation, mice showed clinical signs and body weight loss from 1 till 10-11 dpi. Gross examination on detailed necropsy showed changes mostly limited to the respiratory tract. Turbinate and trachea of infected mice showed mild congestion whereas lungs revealed multifocal to coalescing, well demarcated dark red areas at 3 dpi which, by 9 dpi, entered completely into the stage of grey hepatization. By 14 dpi, lungs showed some signs of resolution. Histopathological changes corroborated the gross findings and showed greatest degree of severity at 3 and 5 dpi. Turbinate and tracheal sections revealed severe necrosis and erosion of the epithelium at 3 dpi. However, by 14 dpi, intact epithelium could be appreciated. Lesions in the lungs were mostly characterized by multifocal thickening of the interalveolar septa, proliferation of type II pneumocytes, necrosis and desquamation of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium with peribronchiolar and perivascular aggregations of mononuclear cells. Moderate to severe necrosis of the interstitium with necrotic neutrophils and syncytial cells were also discernible. However, with each interval the severity decreased and by 14 dpi, signs of resolution could be appreciated with the interalveolar septa returning back to normal with less cellular infiltration. On indirect immunoperoxidase test, strong demonstration of EHV1 antigen in trachea as well as the lungs was observed on 3 dpi. On the other hand, lungs of control mice on gross and histopathological examination were apparently normal.

Winter cover crop root biomass yield in corn and soybean systems

AbstractCover crop (CC) roots are critical for soil ecosystem service delivery including soil stabilization, C and nutrient cycling, soil health improvement, and others. However, most CC studies only evaluate CC aboveground biomass yield, neglecting the belowground portion of the plant. The objectives of this study were to quantify the impacts of (a) CC planting (pre‐ and post‐harvest) dates and (b) early (2–4 wk before main crop planting) and late (at main crop planting) CC termination with and without corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal on root biomass yield. We assessed the effects of CC planting or termination dates on root biomass yield for surface 10 cm of soil at four sites through sampling at CC termination and separating roots from soil with a hydropneumatic elutriation system. Pre‐harvest CC planting had limited and variable impacts on root biomass yield compared with post‐harvest planting. Corn residue removal had no impact on root biomass yield. However, CC termination date had effects at the Irrigated but not at the Rainfed site. At the Irrigated site, late‐terminated CCs doubled root biomass yield in both years compared to early terminated and no CC. At this site, under late‐terminated CCs, root biomass yield was 2.8 Mg ha–1 attributed to their higher aboveground biomass yield and later termination. At the Rainfed site, root biomass yield was 1.6 Mg ha–1. Overall, late termination of CCs can increase root biomass yield; however, early planting into the cash crop did not consistently increase root biomass yield under the conditions of this study.

19 weeks: Performing theatre about abortion

This paper examines the creative processes employed by an actor playing a woman who chooses a late-term abortion following a diagnosis of Down Syndrome. 19 weeks is an award-winning solo performance staged in a pool. Although explicitly autobiographical, it was written to be performed by an actor; specifically, the paper's author, who is also the playwright's close friend and colleague. The paper considers ethical and performative issues arising from embodying a friend's traumatic and stigmatised experience, drawing parallels between the actor's creative process and social science research methods. It reveals how the tension between disability and reproductive rights shaped the performance. It argues that contemporary live performance practices cultivating intimacy and audience engagement offer a novel method for addressing complex and emotionally-charged issues like late-term abortion and reproductive loss.

Anomalous > 2000‐Year‐Old Surface Ocean Radiocarbon Age as Evidence for Deglacial Geologic Carbon Release

AbstractGeologic carbon from seafloor volcanism may influence late Pleistocene glacial terminations by increasing the global inventory of the greenhouse gas CO2. However, the evidence for geologic carbon flux associated with deep sea volcanism has been, so far, equivocal. Here, we construct a regional, glacial‐deglacial carbon budget of the volcanically active Gulf of California using microfossil 14C measurements and find results consistent with an increased addition of geologic carbon related to local seafloor volcanism during the deglaciation. Our estimates point to enhanced geologic carbon flux both before and during the last deglaciation that generally occur alongside carbonate preservation. This leads us to suggest that the carbon was added in the form of partially neutralized, 14C‐free bicarbonate associated with known Gulf sedimentary processes—a carbon source that would have a minimal effect on atmospheric CO2.

Empathy for Post-Abortion Grief in Louise Lambrichs's Journal d'Hannah (1993)

If abortion as a reproductive experience continues to retain a certain 'unspeakability' that keeps it on the margins of culture, the expression of grief or mourning in its wake remains even more inexpressible; to voluntarily terminate a pregnancy, no matter how fraught the circumstances, would seem to require the forfeiture of a right to acknowledge any resulting psychic loss. In her 1993 novel Journal d'Hannah, Louise Lambrichs gives us the 'diary' of a woman whose late-term abortion during WWII results in sterility. In mourning, Hannah creates an interior dream world in her diary in which her aborted daughter grows up in real time, as she remains unable to vocalize the pain of her loss to the exterior world. In this article, I explore the novel's capacity to push our understanding of what kinds of 'parental' mourning are acceptable and representable, and the ways in which the narrative confronts the lack of a broader cultural language with which to address this specific kind of grief.<br/> This article grounds its examination of Hannah's interiorized grief in theoretical notions of the unspeakability of trauma and feminist definitions of bodily integrity in the imaginary domain. I situate Lambrichs's work not as an anti-feminist indictment of abortion, as some have understood it, but as a challenge to open up a discursive space that enables an empathetic understanding of the diverse ways in which women deal with the voluntary termination of a pregnancy. Drawing on Barbara Johnson's (1986) exploration of the poetics of loss and abortion, I argue that the vocalization of post-abortion mourning need not result in the conclusion that taking 'the woman's feelings of guilt and loss into consideration... is to deny the right to choose the act that produced them' (33). The novel does not 'resolve' the tension of the confusing liminal space between life and death that abortion creates, but rather works to confront this liminality head on in a way that serves to question the limits of the ethics of parental mourning.

Ethical Issues concerning Legislation in Late-Term Abortions in India.

Late-term abortions (after 20 weeks of gestation) are an issue of immense debate in India, where the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 permits abortions only up to 20 weeks of gestation. In special situations, such as pregnancy arising out of rape especially in the case of minors and the late diagnosis of congenital anomalies, there are no clear guidelines on the legal protocol that is to be followed, often resulting in a lack of consistency in terms of legal decision-making, as well as undue prolongation of legal procedures. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act prohibits late-term abortions on the basis of personhood and viability of the foetus, to reduce sex-selective abortions and as it considers such abortions to be unsafe. However, a legal prohibition of late-term abortions does not prevent them, and this has led to a surge in the number of illegal, unsafe abortions that are detrimental to the health of women. There is also physical, mental and financial distress to women who are forced to continue their pregnancy, coupled with a lack of governmental support for the same. In comparison of India's abortion laws with Singapore's, which are more liberal, and Philippines, which are more restrictive, liberalisation of abortion laws appears to have a better outcome in reducing the incidence of unsafe abortions. This paper argues that the way forward is to liberalise the laws in terms of not only extending the gestational limit to at least 24 weeks but also making exceptions allowing no gestational limit in special cases that warrant them, such as rape victims and late foetal anomalies. The laws, drafted and implemented in consultation with medical professionals in the field, must also be lucid and not leave any room for misinterpretation by courts and health care providers.

Ponatinib Treatment in CML and Ph+ ALL Patients: Real-Life Data from the Czech Registries

Patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) frequently receive imatinib. Although initial response rates are high, imatinib fails in up to 40% of patients because of disease resistance, frequently because of BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations, or side effects. Patients who discontinue imatinib may have a response to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Ponatinib (PON) is a potent oral TKI active against unmutated and mutated BCR-ABL kinase. PON is indicated also in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) patients. Clinical activity of PON was confirmed in the phase II PACE trial, however lack of real world data is evident. The aim of this non-interventional study was to analyze data on PON treatment and its efficacy in the Czech patients with CML / Ph+ ALL. The study was designed as a one-off retrospective data collection from 3 national registry databases INFINITY, CAMELIA and DATOOL ALL in the period 2014-2018. In total, the study comprised 27 patients treated with PON at 7 centers; 16 (59.3%) patients were treated for chronic phase (CP) CML, 4 (14.8%) patients for accelerated- or blast-phase (AP/BP) CML and 7 (25.9%) patients for Ph+ ALL. The 16 CP CML patients (68.8% males) had median age at the start of PON treatment 59.7 years (range 28.6-81.4), were heavily pretreated (75% with ≥ 3 TKIs) with median time from diagnosis to start of PON treatment 4.8 (0.2-16.8) years; 37.5% of them had mutations (18.8% with T315l), 75.0% had comorbidities. The 11 AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL patients (54.5% males) were younger with median age 56.6 (31.2-74.7) years, were less pretreated (36.4% with ≥ 3 TKIs) with a shorter time from diagnosis to start of PON treatment 2.0 (0.4-22.0) years; almost twice as many (72.7%) of them had mutations (54.5% with T315l), 63.6% had comorbidities. The most common reason for switching to ponatinib was hematologic resistance (37.5% of CP CML and 54.5% of AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL patients). The other most frequent indications were cytogenetic resistance, non-hematologic and hematologic intolerance (18.8%, 12.5% and 12.5% of CP CML patients and 9.1%, 9.1% and 0% of AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL patients, respectively). Interestingly, starting dose of PON was 45 mg/day as recommended in the product SmPC only in of about half of the patients (43.8% of CP CML and 54.5% of AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL patients). Median treatment duration was 16.1 (0.8-49.9) months in CP CML patients and only 2.9 (0.2-36.1) months in AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL patients. Early (in the first 3 months) and late termination of the treatment occurred in 12.5% and 31.3% of CP CML and 54.5% and 27.3% of AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL patients, respectively. Disease progression was the major reason for treatment termination (50%). In terms of safety, only 1 patient discontinued therapy due to congestive heart failure, and 1 due to vascular adverse event although more than half of the patients had cardiovascular comorbidities and history of cardiovascular disease. PON efficacy was evaluated in 14 CP CML patients and 5 AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL who were treated beyond 3 months (Figure 1). More than half of CP CML patients achieved MMR (57.1%) and 40% of AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL achieved undetectable disease. Estimated percentage of CHR, CCyR and MMR in CP CML patients after one year of treatment was 85.7%, 50% and 50%, respectively. Nevertheless, 5 (35.7%), 2 (14.3%) and 1 (7.1%) patients had CHR, CCyR and MMR at start of PON treatment, respectively. In AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL patients, estimated percentage of CR and CMR after one year was 100% and 40%, respectively. However, 2 patients (20%) had CR at the start of PON treatment. Despite limited number of patients, our analysis confirmed PON efficacy in real-life setting with a significant proportion of heavily pre-treated patients achieving durable molecular responses in both CP and AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL groups. Our data are comparable to the PACE trial results. This study partially fills the gap in RWE data and significantly contributes to the evaluation of real-life clinical practice in rare disease area. Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of responses on ponatinib treatment in A) CP CML (N=14) and B) AP/BP CML / Ph+ ALL (N=5) patients that continued ponatinib treatment beyond 3 months. Figure 1 Disclosures Žáčková: Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Angelini: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy. Kellnerová:Angelini Pharma: Employment.

Effect of Cover Crop Termination Timing on Pools and Fluxes of Inorganic Nitrogen in No‐Till Corn

Cover crops are increasingly used around the world to enhance N cycling and provide a suite of agroecosystem benefits. The N scavenging capacity of cover crops during winter months is well recognized. Our research characterized spring management effects (e.g., early vs. late termination) on cover crop biomass, decomposition and N release rates, inorganic soil N, soil water dynamics, and corn (Zea mays L.) performance. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) was established in Beltsville, MD, to evaluate three management scenarios: no cover crop; early termination (∼40 d before corn planting); late termination (∼7 d before corn planting). Cereal rye biomass was quantified before termination, and decomposition was tracked over a 24‐wk period to assess loss. Soil N content to 100 cm, soil volumetric water content, and corn performance were evaluated over the corn growing season. Low spring precipitation in 2016 led to similar amounts of cereal rye biomass for early and late termination; however, late‐terminated cereal rye had lower quality biomass (higher C/N) in both years, leading to slower decomposition and N release rates. Over the corn growing season, late‐terminated cereal rye consistently had smaller soil N pools, suggesting more efficient N cycling (better synchrony of N release from cover crop residues with corn N demand) than early‐terminated cover crops. Corn yields were smallest following late‐terminated cereal rye in 2016, but there was no difference in yields among cover crop treatments in 2017. Overall, we conclude that planting cereal rye cover crops and delaying termination until later in the season will help retain and efficiently cycle N while maintaining high corn yields.Core Ideas We tested the effect of cover crop termination timing on N dynamics before corn. Late‐terminated cereal rye had slower rates of biomass loss and N release. Larger soil N pools in 2017 than 2016 resulted from lower corn yields. Cover crop biomass and corn performance were influenced by precipitation levels. Nitrogen was more efficiently cycled in systems with cover crops than systems without cover crops.

Umbilical artery thrombosis: Two case reports.

Rationale:The umbilical cord is the way to exchange gas, supply nutrients, excrete metabolized. Thrombosis of the umbilical cord leads to fetal hypoxia, which jeopardizes fetal health and can cause fetal death. Umbilical vessel thrombosis, which is rarely reported, is difficult to detect prenatally.Patient concerns:Both pregnant women had an unremarkable pregnancy course until a routine ultrasound scan in the third trimester showed a single umbilical artery. However, one umbilical vein and 2 umbilical arteries were seen during an ultrasound examination at 32 weeks. Case 2 had a better pregnancy outcome because of the timely discovery of this complication.Diagnosis:Both cases were diagnosed as umbilical artery thrombosis.Interventions:The first patient received no interventions until they reported decreased fetal movements and gradually disappear. The second patient underwent an emergency cesarean section.Outcomes:In Case 1, an emergency ultrasound examination showed intrauterine fetal death, and the patient vaginally delivered a stillborn child weighing 3300 g in a day. In Case 2, a female neonate weighing 2860 g was delivered by cesarean section, and exhibited Apgar scores of 10 and 10 at 1 and 5 minutes.Conclusion:In the late-term abortions, obstetricians should be vigilant if ultrasound imaging shows suspected umbilical vascular thrombosis or shows 1 umbilical artery when there had previously been 2. The fetus should be closely monitored and interventions implemented as early as possible to improve the prenatal detection rate of umbilical vessel thrombosis and avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Changes in Plasma and Ovarian Steroid Hormone Level in Wild Female Blue Tang Fish Paracanthurus hepatus during a Reproductive Cycle.

Simple SummaryLive blue tang fish from Khanh Hoa to Binh Thuan seawaters (a central marine region of Vietnam) were collected monthly for the duration of 12 months and the levels of testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2) and 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) in the plasma and the gonad; gonadosomatic index were determined. The gonadosomatic index (GSI%) maintained high values from April to July and increased from the II to IV ovarian stages and dropped in the V stage. Levels of plasma and ovary T and E2 and DHP were high from March to July. Plasma T and E2 levels were low in the II stage when most oocytes were previtellogenic, reaching a peak during spawning and decreased in the V stage when fish were going to late spawning and termination.This study aimed to document the seasonal cycle of steroid levels in the plasma and ovary, including testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2) and 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) in relation to ovarian development in wild populations of female blue tang fish. The gonadosomatic index (GSI%) maintained high values from April to July and increased from the II to IV ovarian stages and dropped in the V stage. Levels of plasma, ovary T and E2 and DHP were high from March to July. Plasma T and E2 levels were low in the II stage when most oocytes were previtellogenic, reaching a peak during spawning, and decreased in the V stages when fish were going to late spawning and termination. DHP was detected in all stages of the ovary with a higher level in spawning fish but decreased after spawning. These results revealed that T, E2 and DHP could be involved in ovarian development and DHP may play a significant role as a maturational inducing hormone in blue tang fish.

Late termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies: Experience at a tertiary-care hospital in South Africa

Background. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of congenital anomalies can help prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality. Termination of pregnancy for severe congenital anomalies is permitted under South African law. Objective . To determine factors causing delayed diagnosis of lethal congenital abnormalities requiring late termination of pregnancy at Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods. Medical records of pregnant women who presented with lethal fetal anomalies over a period of 7.5 years were analysed. Patients’ demographic profile, the interval from referral to feticide, gestational age at first scan and diagnosis, type of anomaly and feticide methods were considered. The cohort was divided in two groups based on timing of termination (i.e. earlier than 28 weeks and later than 28 weeks’ gestation) for statistical comparison. Results. The majority of women ( n =45; 78.9%) were younger than 35 years and had no chronic medical conditions or risk factors ( n =40; 70%). Although 30 women (52.6%) had been booked for antenatal examination early in their pregnancy, only three (5.2%) had a first-trimester scan. Mean time to referral was not significantly different between the women whose pregnancies terminated earlier than 28 weeks and those with a termination after 28 weeks ( p =0.671). Conclusion. A basic ultrasound scan in the second trimester is recommended for all pregnant women. Task shifting can be a viable option to provide this facility at primary and secondary health centres. A national registry should be established to document all late terminations for fetal anomalies.

Vaccination of foals with a modified live, equid herpesvirus-1 gM deletion mutant (RacHΔgM) confers partial protection against infection

Equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) causes respiratory and neurological disease and late gestation abortion in pregnant mares. Current vaccines contain either inactivated or live EHV-1, but fail to provide complete clinical or virological protection, namely prevention of nasopharyngeal shedding and cell-associated viraemia. Thus, the development of novel products, such as modified live virus (MLV) vaccines which stimulate virus-specific, humoral and cell mediated immune responses more effectively remains a priority. Two groups of weaned foals (n = 6 each group) were used in a longitudinal, prospective, experimental study to evaluate immune responses elicited by two vaccinations with a glycoprotein M (gM) deletion mutant of EHV-1 (RacHdeltagM). Following two concurrent intranasal and intramuscular inoculations six weeks apart, vaccinated (8.4 ± 0.2 months old) and control foals (6.2 ± 0.4 months) were challenge infected intranasally with EHV-1 Ab4/8 four weeks after the second vaccination and clinical signs and virological replication measured.Vaccination caused no adverse events, but did stimulate significantly higher complement fixing and virus neutralizing antibodies in serum compared with control foals at either equivalent or pre-vaccination time points. Virus-specific nasopharyngeal antibody levels and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were not significantly different between the groups. Following challenge infection, these immune responses were associated with a reduction in clinical signs and virological replication in the vaccinated foals, including a reduction in duration and magnitude of pyrexia, nasopharyngeal shedding and cell-associated viraemia. We conclude that the RacHΔgM MLV primed EHV-1-specific humoral immune responses in weaned foals. However, complete virological protection by vaccination against EHV-1 requires further research.

Recommandations discordantes entre HAS et CNGOF ; le point avec 200 IVG médicamenteuses tardives, réalisées hors AMM

ObjectivesThere are conflicting recommandations about late medical abortion: the French National College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) and the French Superior Health Authority are opposed. The aim was to assess misoprostol's efficiency in medical abortions at 9 to 14 weeks gestational age (GA) MethodsThis is an epidemiologic retrospective study led from March 2017 till January 2019, in Evreux's hospital, France, including all patients undergoing a medical abortion from 9 to 14 weeks GA. We followed the CNGOF's recommandations published in 2016. The main efficacy parameter was the failure rate of medical abortion at 9 to 14 weeks GA. The secondary efficacy parameters were the number of patients absent at the post-medical abortion examination, the consumption of misoprostol, the consumption of symptomatic treatment, the type of complication and the length of hospital stay. Results200 patients were included: 19 patients had vacuum aspiration, so we report a 10.2 % failure rate (95% CI: 6.4%; 15.7%). 7 (3.5%) had vacuum aspiration for haemorrhage (2 (1%) receveived a blood transfusion) 9 (4.5%) had a vacuum aspiration for failure and 3 (1.5%) for retention. 71 (35.5%) patients were absent at the post-medical abortion examination. The mean consumption of misoprostol was 1234μg (441). The mean length of hospital stay was 12.2hours (8.28). ConclusionsThe abortion failure rate is 10.2%. Our study didn’t report any elements of bad tolerance of misoprostol in this indication.

Serological, Isolation and Molecular Studies on Brucellosis in an Organized Farm, Jammu and Kashmir, India

The present study was conducted in an organized farm of Jammu region, Jammu and Kashmir state having history of late-term abortions in cattle and buffaloes to elucidate the role of brucellosis in causing abortions on the farm. The farm had 46 animals (23 adults, 15 heifers and 9 calves). The farm was positive in herd test (milk ring test). Serological tests viz., Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and serum agglutination test (SAT) were conducted on 30 serum samples and 11 samples were found positive in both tests. Five vaginal swabs from abortion cases were processed for isolation and 3 isolates of Brucella were obtained which on further characterization by biochemical tests, genus-specific PCR and species-specific PCR were identified as B. abortus biovar 1. As brucellosis is an anthropozoonoses, the high prevalence of brucellosis in livestock of farm demands the surveillance of disease in humans working on the farm and necessitates the control of disease on the farm.

From diagnostic yield to clinical impact: a pilot study on the implementation of prenatal exome sequencing in routine care

PurposeExome sequencing (ES) is an efficient tool to diagnose genetic disorders postnatally. Recent studies show that it may have a considerable diagnostic yield in fetuses with structural anomalies on ultrasound. We report on the clinical impact of the implementation of prenatal ES (pES) for ongoing pregnancies in routine care. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the impact of pES on pregnancy outcome and pre- or perinatal management in the first 22 patients counseled for pES because of one or more structural anomalies on fetal ultrasound. ResultsIn two cases, a diagnosis was made by chromosomal microarray analysis after ES counseling. The remaining 20 cases were divided in three groups: (1) pES to aid parental decision making (n = 12), (2) pES in the context of late pregnancy termination requests (n = 5), and (3) pES to guide pre- or perinatal management (n = 3). pES had a clinical impact in 75% (9/12), 40% (2/5), and 100% (3/3) respectively, showing an overall clinical impact of pES of 70% (14/20). ConclusionWe show that clinical implementation of pES is feasible and affects parental decision making or pre- and perinatal management supporting further implementation of ES in the prenatal setting.

Risk Factors Associated with Spontaneous Abortion at Woman's Health Hospital Assiut University.

Background, Spontaneous abortion is a failed intrauterine pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks of gestation. Many factors can lead to it such as: age, smoking, etc. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with spontaneous abortion. A descriptive study was the design. Purposive sample of 200 women diagnosed as spontaneous abortion were recruited. The setting was the emergency unit, at Woman's Health Hospital, Assiut university .The tool of data collection was an interview questionnaire which contains personal data, menstrual, obstetrical, medical and current history, other risk factors .The results of the study showed that 81% of study group were aged between 20-35years old, 54.5% were no and low level of education, 90% were from rural areas &91%were housewives. The late abortion represented 57.5%, while the missed abortion was the most frequent type of spontaneous abortions (38%).Nearly half of the study group (47.5%) exposed to passive smoking. The study concludes that the risk factors relating to the spontaneous abortion were rural residency, low level of education, short spacing, exposure to passive smoking & previous abortion. The study recommended to increase the women' awareness about the risk factors of spontaneous abortion .Encouraging early & regular antenatal care (ANC).Encouraging preconception counseling

Chemical termination of cover crop rapeseed

AbstractRapeseed is a popular cover crop choice due to its deep-growing taproot, which creates soil macropores and increases water infiltration. Brassicaceae spp. that are mature or at later growth stages can be troublesome to control. Experiments were conducted in Delaware and Virginia to evaluate herbicides for terminating rapeseed cover crops. Two separate experiments, adjacent to each other, were established to evaluate rapeseed termination by 14 herbicide treatments at two timings. Termination timings included an early and late termination to simulate rapeseed termination prior to planting corn and soybean, respectively, for the region. At three locations where rapeseed height averaged 12 cm at early termination and 52 cm at late termination, glyphosate + 2,4-D was most effective, controlling rapeseed 96% 28 d after early termination (DAET). Paraquat + atrazine + mesotrione (92%), glyphosate + saflufenacil (91%), glyphosate + dicamba (91%), and glyphosate (86%) all provided at least 80% control 28 DAET. Rapeseed biomass followed a similar trend. Paraquat + 2,4-D (85%), glyphosate + 2,4-D (82%), and paraquat + atrazine + mesotrione (81%) were the only treatments that provided at least 80% control 28 d after late termination (DALT). Herbicide efficacy was less at Painter in 2017, where rapeseed height was 41 cm at early termination, and 107 cm at late termination. No herbicide treatments controlled rapeseed >80% 28 DAET or 28 DALT at this location. Herbicide termination of rapeseed is best when the plant is small; termination of large rapeseed plants may require mechanical of other methods beyond herbicides.

Cover Crop Biomass Production in Temperate Agroecozones

Core Ideas Cover crop (CC) biomass production across temperate regions averaged 3.37 ± 2.96 Mg ha−1.Ten high‐biomass producing CCs in temperate ecoregions were in this order: sorghum > sunn hemp > millet > rye > mixes > crimson clover > barley = hairy vetch > annual ryegrass > oat.Cover crop biomass production was greater in humid than semiarid regions and in areas with relatively high mean temperatures.Cover crop biomass production by cropping system was in this order: vegetables > other systems > maize > small grains.Cover crop biomass production generally increased with drill‐planting and increased seeding rate and growing season. Cover crop (CC) biomass production dictates agricultural and environmental services that CCs deliver, but finding a review on this topic is difficult. We synthesized published data on CC biomass production for 20 common CC species in temperate regions and discussed factors affecting CC biomass production. Review of 389 papers indicated CC biomass production was 3.37 ± 2.96 Mg ha−1 (mean ± SD). Cover crop biomass production for the top five biomass‐producing species was: sorghum (Sorghum sp.) (5.99 Mg ha−1) > sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) (5.77 Mg ha−1) > millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) (4.95 Mg ha−1) > rye (Secale cereale L.) (4.93 Mg ha−1) > two‐species mix (4.18 Mg ha−1). In humid regions (>750 mm precipitation), CC biomass production ranged from 1.67 to 6.30 Mg ha−1 depending on species. In regions with <750 mm precipitation, CC biomass production ranged from 0.87 to 6.03 Mg ha−1. Cover crop biomass production was in this order by cropping system: vegetables > other systems [soybean (Glycine max L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and others] > maize (Zea mays L.) > small grains. Rye was among the most common and highest biomass producing species in most regions and cropping systems. Drill‐planting and maximizing CC growing season, such as early planting or late termination, can increase CC biomass production. Irrigation at establishment increased CC biomass production for legumes and mixes in humid regions, and all CC groups in semiarid regions. Overall, CCs can produce significant amount of biomass, but this can be highly dependent on climate, CC species, cropping system, and management.

Vulnerability of Young Women to Late Term Abortion

This is a draft for presentation at the International Society of Law annual conference entitled Family as the Crucible of Culture and Society: Inequality, Vulnerability, And Justice Within the Family, held on June 14, 2019 in Chicago, Illinois. This presentation was part of a panel on reproductive control, and specifically focuses on the vulnerability of young women to late term abortion. Why do women choose to seek a later term abortion? They do so because of 5 key factors that are set out here, and none of these reasons include fetal abnormalities, or non-viability, or to save the life or health of the mother, the narrative frequently proffered. Rather, women who have third trimester abortions do so because they find themselves in one of the five very vulnerable situations. The surprise is that women who are aborting late term pregnancies are doing so because they are young and struggling and almost certainly scared. A young woman is generally not making that decision because the child is not healthy or because her life is in danger, or to exercise her bodily autonomy. This empirical perspective on reproductive health changes the narrative on late term abortion justification almost completely. Women seek late term abortion because they are vulnerable, alone, without support.