Late Period Research Articles

A Spatial Perspective on Modernization Venture in Turkish Novel: Changing Uses of Public and Private Spheres

The novel genre first appeared in Turkish literature in the nineteenth century, following the Westernization movements. Beginning with the “Tanzimat period (1860-1895)” and the subsequent periods of “National Literature (1911-1923)” and “Republican Literature (1923-1940)”, as identified by literary critics, novel became a medium where social and spatial issues and changes in everyday life were revealed. This study examines briefly the spatial changes that occurred in public and private spheres as a result of modernization endeavors during the late Ottoman and early Republican periods by looking at the literature and architecture of the period, and in reference to the three periods mentioned above. The periods of literary historiography mentioned above, correspond to the period under discussion and draw its chronological framework. It is argued in this context that, the interdisciplinary approach makes it possible to see overlapping and differentiating aspects in narratives and architectural practices regarding the perception and use of public and private spaces and corresponding daily life practices. The themes determined by the examination of novels representing the three periods of Turkish literature history are presented together with quotations from the sampled novels and brief architectural discussions, and the prominent aspects are discussed in both contexts.

Simulation and Analysis of Ozone Pollution Process in Shijiazhuang Based on CMAQ-ISAM Model

In Shijiazhuang City, ozone （O3） pollution occurs frequently in June every year. In June 2023, the average O3 8 h concentration （O3-8h） pollution exceeded 80% of the days in the month, and O3 was the primary pollutant, accounting for 100%. For an O3 heavy pollution process from June 11 to 18, the air quality model WRF-CMAQ was used for simulation, and the average error data MFB and MFE were -10.47% and 17.96%, respectively, which was within the ideal error range. The CMAQ process analysis module was used to simulate the physical and chemical processes in Shijiazhuang City, and the dry deposition （DDEP） contribution concentration was -23.88 μg·m-3, which was the main process of O3 consumption, whereas the transport process （TRAN） was the main source of O3, among which the contribution was more significant in vertical transport （VTRA）. At the same time, the source analysis module （ISAM） was used to analyze the O3 contribution of local and surrounding areas in Shijiazhuang City. The results showed that the contribution rate of local industry sources in Shijiazhuang City was as follows： traffic source （12.54%） > industrial source （6.94%） > residential source （6.56%） > power source （4.75%）. The long-distance transmission source （BCON） continued to be in the first place with a high contribution rate of 63.31%. In the heavy pollution period under stable weather, the contribution concentration of BCON in the D02 layer of the nested domain to Shijiazhuang City was lower than the sum of the marked area. Among the surrounding cities, Baoding City had the highest contribution rate under stable weather, accounting for 26.21%. In the late period, the contribution concentration of Xingtai City increased rapidly under the action of high-value southwest wind. To effectively reduce O3 pollution, it is necessary to reduce emissions in the city and to control the upwind cities in advance, and the implementation of inter-regional joint prevention and control is the key.

Association between Timing of Vascular Access Creation and Mortality in Patients Initiating Hemodialysis: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan

Introduction: The optimal time for vascular access (VA) creation remains controversial. Methods: We conducted a cohort study using data from the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry. Adult patients who started receiving hemodialysis in 2007 and had a permanent VA created were included. The exposure of interest was the timing of VA creation, categorized into three groups: early VA creation (defined as creation at least 4 months before hemodialysis initiation), just prior VA creation (creation between 1 and 3 months before hemodialysis initiation), and late VA creation (creation within 1 month of or after hemodialysis initiation). Cox regression analyses were used to compare 1-year all-cause mortality, with late VA creation as the reference group. Owing to the violations of the proportional hazards assumptions, the follow-up period was divided into “early” (1–4 months follow-up) and “late” (5–12 months follow-up) periods. Results: Overall, 1,280 (15.4%) of 8,322 patients died. Both early creation and just prior creation were associated with lower all-cause mortality in the early period compared with late creation. In the late period, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality decreased with earlier VA creation (adjusted HRs [95% confidence intervals]: 0.49 [0.35–0.67] for the early creation group and 0.63 [0.51–0.79] for the just prior creation group). Conclusion: Our study suggests that VA creation at least 1 month before hemodialysis initiation is associated with lower all-cause mortality in the early period, with earlier VA creation resulting in further mortality reduction in the late period.

New chronology evidence of prehistoric human activities indicated by pottery luminescence dating in the humid subtropical mountains of South China

The age of prehistoric human sites serves as a fundamental basis for studying the relationship between human activities and landscape changes in the humid subtropical mountains of South China. The presence of pottery in these archaeological sites is widespread and offers a valuable resource for precise dating purposes. The Longtoushan (LTS) site, located in the northern mountains of Fujian Province, contains a rich variety of pottery types from various periods, representing a rare multi-period stratigraphic overlap in this area and playing a crucial role in constructing the cultural sequence and lineage of prehistoric and ancient times in this region. In this study, we employed thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques to establish the age of pottery samples collected from the LTS site situated in the upper Minjiang River region of southeast China for the first time, while also comparing our findings with other dating methods to construct a chronological framework for the site. The results showed that: (1) The samples analyzed in this study can be classified according to the peak strength of 325 °C TL signal at natural and regenerative doses of quartz. Samples with weak TL signal at 325 °C (type II samples) showed high recuperation and equivalent dose underestimation at a low preheat temperature (220 °C) in OSL test. (2) Conventional SAR procedures employed for type I samples are not suitable for type II samples. Type II samples require additional OSL stimulation towards the end of the cycle and an extended stimulation duration. (3) The application of various dating methods has revealed that the LTS site represents a long-term settlement in the humid subtropical mountains of South China, commencing around 4.6–4.4 thousand years ago (ka). Specifically, the dating of pottery pieces from kiln sites and tombs in the late Neolithic period provides a specific temporal reference for further understanding of prehistoric human culture and production behavior in the humid mountains of Fujian.

Oral donor site evaluation in the early and late postoperative periods for augmentation and replacement urethroplasty

Introduction. The use of oral mucosa in augmentation and replacement urethroplasty is the gold standard for several reasons. Most commonly, the mucous membrane of the cheek, the underside of the tongue or lip is employed. Assessing postoperative complications in the donor area is crucial as it impacts patients' quality of life.Objective. To evaluate early and late postoperative changes in the donor area after oral graft extraction for urethroplastyMaterials & methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment using oral mucosa from 2017 to 2022 was carried out. The study included 65 patients. The intensity of pain syndrome in the graft sampling area was assessed by patients on a visual analog scale (VAS). The donor area was sutured only in the case of tongue and lip mucosa sampling.Results. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity was harvested from different sites in 65 patients. Specifically, it was taken from the inside of the cheek in 49 patients (75.38%), from both inner sides of the cheeks in 13 (20.0%), the lower lip in two (3.07%) and the lower surface of the tongue in one (1.54%) patient, respectively. On the first day after surgery, the median pain level according to VAS was 4 points (range: 2 – 7), at the time of discharge — 3 points (1 – 6). After 120 days, a follow-up examination showed a regression of pain symptoms: the median was 0 points (0–1). In the late postoperative period, incomplete opening of the mouth was recorded in two patients (3.07%), cosmetic defect in the donor area in two (3.07%), discomfort during meals in six (9.23%), impaired sensitivity in the donor area in two (3.07%), exacerbation of chronic stomatitis and hypersalivation in two (3.07%) patients, respectively.Conclusion. The incidence of complications in the donor area is low, but for some patients this can result in a reduced quality of life. Using proper technique when extracting oral mucosa grafts reduces pain and the likelihood of early- and late-stage postoperative complications in this area.

Increase in Paleoproductivity Driven by Strengthening of Indian Summer Monsoon During Past ~14kyrs: Evidenced by Biogenic Silica Accumulation Rates at Southeastern Arabian Sea

We analysed the BSi (Biogenic Silica) contents of the marine core SK-313/1 from the southeastern Arabian Sea which is dated up to ~14.5 kyr BP. Results show that the maximum and minimum BSi contents are 2.5 and 0.5%, respectively. This is because of the low supply of silica skeleton and the high dissolution and dilution of terrigenous materials. The BSi mass accumulation rates indicate a trend of reduced paleoproductivity during the late Glacial period and increase during the Holocene, with global climatic shifts. Insolation changes at low latitudes, which regulate temperatures, may affect nutrient availability and, consequently productivity variations on a glacial–interglacial timescale. Notably, millennial events like the Younger Dryas (YD) periods, exhibited lower paleoproductivity, in contrast to the Bølling/Allerød (B-A) period and the middle Holocene, which displayed elevated levels of paleoproductivity. These millennial-scale fluctuations in siliceous productivity may be due to the changes in nutrient supply caused by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The period of increased paleoproductivity could be influenced by intensified chemical weathering and a boosted nutrient supply, which are consequences of the strengthened ISM during periods of relatively higher temperature.

Low Genetic Impact of the Roman Occupation of Britain in Rural Communities.

The Roman period saw the empire expand across Europe and the Mediterranean, including much of what is today Great Britain. While there is written evidence of high mobility into and out of Britain for administrators, traders, and the military, the impact of imperialism on local, rural population structure, kinship, and mobility is invisible in the textual record. The extent of genetic change that occurred in Britain during the Roman military occupation remains underexplored. Here, using genome-wide data from 52 ancient individuals from eight sites in Cambridgeshire covering the period of Roman occupation, we show low levels of genetic ancestry differentiation between Romano-British sites and indications of larger populations than in the Bronze Age and Neolithic. We find no evidence of long-distance migration from elsewhere in the Empire, though we do find one case of possible temporary mobility within a family unit during the Late Romano-British period. We also show that the present-day patterns of genetic ancestry composition in Britain emerged after the Roman period.

Family, State, Family-state

Maruyama Masao (1914–1996) became a leading figure of post-war Japanese democratization with the publication of his essay “Theory and Psychology of Ultra-Nationalism” (1946). The idea of kokutai was central to his interpretation of ultra-nationalism as a concept that connected ‘nationalistic’ ideas of the late Tokugawa period with the imperialist propaganda of the 1930s. This concept was linked with the millennia-old Chinese notion of the ruler as the ‘father’ of the people in a land that is an extension of the family (jia). In Japan, however, the connection between the family (kazoku) and the nation(state) (kokka) was based on the imperial linage that upheld the blood-relation between the tennō and the deities. In the present paper, I will examine Maruyama’s interpretation of the role of the family in Japanese ultra-nationalism on the basis of his studies “The Ideology and Dynamics of Japanese Fascism” (1948) and “Nationalism in Japan: Its Theoretical Background and Prospects” (1951) (in Thought and Behavior in Modern Japanese Politics, 1956; in English, 1963), linking these essays with Maruyama’s war-time studies on the Tokugawa era. I will show that the elements on which Maruyama focused his analysis of the ‘family-state’ (kazokukokka) are those features of Japanese nationalism that he had already detected in his war-year studies; that is, features in which he saw the preservation of the Tokugawa social structure of hōkensei. I will argue that this social structure was understood by Maruyama as a power structure in which the ‘transfer of oppression’ is possible due to the decentralized, i.e., family-like character of social relationships.

An improved Coati Optimization Algorithm with multiple strategies for engineering design optimization problems

Aiming at the problems of insufficient ability of artificial COA in the late optimization search period, loss of population diversity, easy to fall into local extreme value, resulting in slow convergence and lack of exploration ability; In this paper, an improved COA algorithm based on chaotic sequence, nonlinear inertia weight, adaptive T-distribution variation strategy and alert updating strategy is proposed to enhance the performance of COA (shorted as TNTWCOA). The algorithm introduces chaotic sequence mechanism to initialize the position. The position distribution of the initial solution is more uniform, the high quality initial solution is generated, the population richness is increased, and the problem of poor quality and uneven initial solution of the Coati Optimization Algorithm is solved. In exploration phase, the nonlinear inertial weight factor is introduced to coordinate the local optimization ability and global search ability of the algorithm. In the exploitation phase, adaptive T-distribution variation is introduced to increase the diversity of individual population under low fitness value and improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimal value. At the same time, the alert update mechanism is proposed to improve the alert ability of COA algorithm, so that it can search within the optional range. When Coati is aware of the danger, Coati on the edge of the population will quickly move to the safe area to obtain a better position, while Coati in the middle of the population will randomly move to get closer to other Coatis. IEEE CEC2017 with 29 classic test functions were used to evaluate the convergence speed, convergence accuracy and other indicators of TNTWCOA algorithm. Meanwhile, TNTWCOA was used to verify 4 engineering design optimization problems, such as pressure vessel optimization design and welding beam design. The results of IEEE CEC2017 and engineering design Optimization problems are compared with Improved Coati Optimization Algorithm (ICOA), Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA), Golden Jackal Optimization Algorithm (GJO), Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA), Sand Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SCSO), Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer (SABO). The experimental results show that the improved TNTWCOA algorithm significantly improves the convergence speed and optimization accuracy, and has good robustness. Three‑bar truss design problem, The Gear Train Design Problem, Speed reducer design problem shows a strong solution advantage. The superior optimization ability and engineering practicability of TNTWCOA algorithm are verified.

Estimation of Soil Moisture during Different Growth Stages of Summer Maize under Various Water Conditions Using UAV Multispectral Data and Machine Learning

Accurate estimation of soil moisture content (SMC) is vital for effective farmland water management and informed irrigation decision-making. The utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing technology to monitor SMC offers advantages such as mobility, high timeliness, and high spatial resolution, thereby compensating for the limitations of in-situ observations and satellite remote sensing. However, previous research has primarily focused on SMC diagnostics for the entire crop growth period, often neglecting the development of targeted soil moisture modeling paradigms that account for the specific characteristics of the canopy and root zone at different growth stages. Furthermore, the variations in soil moisture status between fields, resulting from the hysteresis of water flow in irrigation channels at different levels, may influence the development of soil moisture modeling schemes, an area that has been seldom explored. In this study, SMC models based on UAV spectral information were constructed using Random Forest (RF) and Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) algorithms. The soil moisture modeling paradigms (i.e., input–output mapping) under different growth stages and soil moisture conditions of summer maize were systematically compared and discussed, along with the corresponding physical interpretability. Our results showed that (1) the SMC modeling schemes differ significantly across the various growth stages, with distinct input–output mappings recommended for the early (i.e., jointing, tasselling, and silking stages), middle (i.e., blister and milk stages), and late (i.e., maturing stage) periods. (2) these machine learning-based models performed best at the jointing stage, while subsequently, their accuracy generally exhibited a downward trend as the maize grew. (3) the RF model demonstrates superior robustness in estimating soil moisture status across different fields (moisture conditions), achieving optimal estimation accuracy in fields with overall higher SMC in line with the PSO-SVM model. (4) unlike the RF model’s robustness in spatial SMC diagnostics, the PSO-SVM model more reliably captured the temporal dynamics of SMC across different growth stages of summer maize. This study offers technical references for future modelers in UAV-based SMC modeling across various spatial and temporal conditions, addressing both the types of models as well as their input features.

The Effects of Octapeptin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Serum Immunity, and Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets.

With the prohibition of antibiotics in animal feed, the livestock industry faces significant challenges, including increased morbidity and mortality rates and reduced farming efficiency. Developing green, natural, and safe antibiotic alternatives has become a research hotspot. This study evaluated the effects of octapeptin as a feed additive on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, serum biochemistry, serum immune factors, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets. Seventy-two weaned piglets were randomly assigned to three groups based on body weight and sex, with each group receiving different dietary treatments: a negative control group (CON, basal diet), a positive control group (MC, basal diet + 5 mg/kg Microcin C7), and an octapeptin supplement group (OP, basal diet + 40 mg/kg octapeptin). After 28 days of feeding experimental diets, the results demonstrated that supplementing the diet of weaned piglets with octapeptin significantly improved the feed conversion ratio compared to the control group (p < 0.05) over the entire experimental period. Furthermore, a reduction in diarrhea incidence was observed during the late nursery period (14-28 d), resulting in an overall improvement in diarrhea compared to the other two groups (p < 0.01). Serum biochemical analysis results revealed a trend towards decreased alanine aminotransferase level in the octapeptin group, with no significant differences in other indicators, suggesting potential improvements in liver function without causing liver damage. In addition, compared to the control group, octapeptin enhanced mucosal immunity by decreasing TNF-α level (p < 0.05). Fecal microbiota analysis results showed a significant increase in beneficial bacteria such as Collinsella and Olsenella in the octapeptin group compared to the other two groups (p < 0.05), indicating a positive impact on gut health. These findings supported the potential of octapeptin as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in weaned piglets' diets.

590. RESOLUTION OF SYMPTOMS AFTER OESOPHAGO-GASTRIC CANCER RESECTION (RESTORED)–STANDARDISING GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS AND CONDITIONS AFTER SURGERY: A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY EXPERT DELPHI STUDY

Abstract Background Oesophago-gastric cancer surgery negatively affects quality of life with a high post-operative symptom burden. Several conditions that may be diagnosed and treated after surgery are recognised. However, consensus regarding their definition and management is lacking. We aimed to develop consensus regarding the definition, investigation and management of the common symptoms and conditions, and triggers to consider disease recurrence, as a foundation for improving management and quality of life in these patients. Design Modified 2-round Delphi consensus study of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Results 86/127(67.7%) and 77/100(77.0%) responses were received in rounds 1 and 2. Consensus was achieved in defining 26 symptoms. For 10 conditions (anastomotic stricture, acid reflux, non-acid reflux, biliary gastritis, delayed gastric emptying, dumping syndrome, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid diarrhoea, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and carbohydrate malabsorption), definitions, diagnostic criteria, first and second-line investigation and first-line treatments were agreed. Consensus was not reached for third line investigation of some conditions, nor for second, third or fourth-line treatments for others. 12 of 14(85.7%) symptoms were agreed as triggers to consider cancer recurrence, during the early (&amp;lt; 1 year) and late (&amp;gt; 1 year) post-operative periods. Conclusion Expert consensus regarding symptoms, conditions and triggers to consider investigation for recurrence after oesophago-gastric cancer surgery was achieved. This will allow standardisation and timely diagnosis and treatment of post-operative conditions, reducing variation in care. It will facilitate comparative, prospective research to establish the incidence and response to treatment of these conditions, helping develop robust evidence to optimise patients’ quality of life.

Dynamics of automated body condition scores in grazing Holstein cows in a year-round calving system

This observational study aimed to characterize the seasonal dynamics of automated body condition scores (BCS) through the lactation of Holstein cows in a pasture-based system with year-round calvings. Examining the association between nadir BCS (nBCS; defined as the lowest daily BCS after calving) and peak milk yield within each calving period (calendar seasons equally divided in early and late) was a secondary objective of this research. Retrospective data included 2,164 lactations in 539 primiparous (PRI) and 1,625 multiparous (MLT) Holstein cows that calved from July 2021 to June 2023 in a commercial dairy farm located in Southern Chile. Individual BCS were generated in every milking by an automated BCS camera system. Body condition score at calving (BCSc), nBCS, and the change in BCS from calving to nadir (ΔBCS) were considered for the analysis. Peak milk yield (greatest daily milk yield) values were retrieved from on-farm software and lactations were categorized considering quartiles (Q1 = 25% lowest peak milk yield; Q4 = 25% greatest peak milk yield). Data were examined in PRI and MLT cows separately using multivariable linear models that considered calving period and peak milk yield as the main explanatory variables of interest, while BCSc and health status were included as covariables when appropriate. The differences in BCSc among calving periods were more evident in primiparous cows that had the lowest BCSc in early spring (3.13 ± 0.03) and the greatest BCSc in late fall (3.51 ± 0.03). In MLT cows, the lowest and greatest BCSc were recognized in late fall (3.07 ± 0.04) and early summer (3.23 ± 0.03), respectively. Only MLT cows had differences in nBCS and ΔBCS across calving periods: The lowest nBCS were identified in late spring (2.71 ± 0.02), early summer (2.71 ± 0.02), and in late summer (2.71 ± 0.02). The greatest losses in BCS also occurred in early summer (−0.41 ± 0.02) and in late spring (−0.41 ± 0.02). Time from calving to nBCS varied among calving periods and depended on parity category. Primiparous cows reached nBCS earlier in late summer (65 ± 8 DIM) and late spring (68 ± 7 DIM), while MLT had the shortest times to nBCS in late and early fall (67 ± 5 DIM; 68 ± 5 DIM). Greater values at milk peak were associated with lower nBCS only in multiparous cows during the late spring period. We concluded that the dynamics of BCS were associated with calving period in both parity groups. This data could help guide decisions on nutrition and breeding strategies in farms facing comparable conditions.

Bound by Binders: Multicraft Organisation and Industrial Interdependence of Lime Production for Mortar in the Eastern Mediterranean during Late Antiquity

In the late antique period (fourth-seventh centuries AD), lime was produced and consumed in great quantities for use in building, medicine, tanning, fulling, mortuary practices, and as an agricultural fertiliser. As a result, lime kilns (and associated slaking pits) are common features of late antique contexts – both in urban and rural environments and involving public institutions and private enterprise. In this paper we consider the archaeological remains of lime production and use in the eastern Mediterranean, a region in which dozens of lime production sites have been recorded. Focusing on the example of lime mortar production specifically, and following evidence for the associated chaîne opératoire, we demonstrate the versatility of the lime production process and how it frequently involved and even relied upon multiple industries.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on cesarean section outcomes: a retrospective analysis.

Pregnant individuals have faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating a closer examination of maternal and fetal health outcomes. Investigate the morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant individuals, considering vaccination status and variant strains. Retrospective cohort. Tertiary state hospital. Patients who underwent cesarean sections were categorized into three periods: pre-vaccination (before 31 August 2021), early post-vaccination (from September 2021), and late post-vaccination (aligned with 70% immunization coverage by 2 September 2021). Data collected included demographic information (age, gravidity, parity count, gestational age, newborn APGAR scores), cesarean section indications, chronic diseases, vaccination status, vaccine type and doses, SARS-CoV-2 variant status, ICU admission, and mortality due to COVID-19. ICU admission and mortality rates, focusing on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status. 297 COVID PCR-positive symptomatic patients who underwent cesarean sections. In the pre-vaccination group, there were 13 mortalities (8.1%) compared to 9 (6.6%) post-vaccination (P=.610). Maternal ARDS was seen in 46.2% of pre-vaccination mortalities versus 11.1% post-vaccination (P=.045). COVID-19 delta variant patients had higher ICU admission (80%) and mortality rates (40%). Rates of COVID-19 PCR-positive cesarean sections, ICU admissions, and mortality declined significantly in early (P=.021, P=.004, P=.009), respectively and late post-vaccination periods (P<.001, P<.001, P=.0019), respectively. Vaccinated patients had no ICU admissions or mortality. Vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial for pregnant individuals as it significantly reduces the risk of severe illness. While vaccines offer substantial protection, the pandemic's acute phase might be waning, yet COVID-19 remains a global threat, particularly in regions with limited vaccine access. Continued vigilance and proactive measures are essential to mitigate ongoing risks and the emergence of new variant strains. Retrospective observational design and the single-center setting, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.

Achieving unexpected strength and ductility synergies in heterogeneous metastable lamellar steels

High-strength steel with excellent ductility is pivotal for the formability and safety of critical structural components. Here, a heterogeneous metastable lamellar steel, composed of alternating lamellar ferrite and austenite aligned with the rolling direction, was developed through an innovative combination of warm rolling and immediate annealing processes. This novel design overcomes the strength-ductility trade-off, achieving high ultimate tensile strength (∼1.2 GPa) and excellent uniform elongation (∼78%), pushing the product of ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation to an ultra-high level (> 90 GPa %). The high tensile strength is attributed to ultrafine lamellar grains and significant work hardening induced by the hetero-deformation and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. The exceptional ductility is a result of the synergy of multiple plasticity mechanisms, including (i) the inherent plastic deformation ability of lamellar microstructure and the hetero-deformation-induced hardening in the early deformation period, (ii) the persistent TRIP effect induced by the lamellar austenite with high mechanical stability and the elimination of strain localization caused by prolonged strain hardening due to the coordinated deformation of lamellar austenite and ferrite in the middle deformation period, and (iii) delamination cracking in the late deformation period. This approach adopted in current work offers a straightforward and economically feasible pathway for fabricating advanced high-strength steel with superior performance.

Acute Left Branch Block in Pregnancy: A Case of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare but significant condition occurring during late pregnancy or early postpartum period. Risk factors of peripartum cardiomyopathy include pregnancy, advanced maternal age, multiple pregnancies, and preeclampsia. This case report presented a case of a 32-year-old woman who developed an acute left bundle branch block due to peripartum cardiomyopathy during pregnancy. This case underscores the importance of considering peripartum cardiomyopathy in pregnant patients presenting with cardiac symptoms, especially those with risk factors such as advanced maternal age and multiple pregnancies. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to mitigate maternal and fetal risks associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Preeclampsia can lead to the development of peripartum cardiomyopathy, a rare but severe condition. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential. Clinicians should consider peripartum cardiomyopathy in patients presenting with preeclampsia symptoms.

Hashimite depictions of Wahhabi Islam as a rhetorical front in the late Ottoman period

Hashimite depictions of Wahhabi Islam as a rhetorical front in the late Ottoman period

Optimize individualized energy delivery for septic patients using predictive deep learning models.

We aim to establish deep learning models to optimize the individualized energy delivery for septic patients. We conducted a study of adult septic patients in ICU, collecting 47 indicators for 14 days. We filtered out nutrition-related features and divided the data into datasets according to the three metabolic phases proposed by ESPEN: acute early, acute late, and rehabilitation. We then established optimal energy target models for each phase using deep learning and conducted external validation. A total of 179 patients in training dataset and 98 patients in external validation dataset were included in this study, and total data size was 3115 elements. The age, weight and BMI of the patients were 63.05 (95%CI 60.42-65.68), 61.31(95%CI 59.62-63.00) and 22.70 (95%CI 22.21-23.19), respectively. And 26.0% (72) of the patients were female. The models indicated that the optimal energy targets in the three phases were 900kcal/d, 2300kcal/d, and 2000kcal/d, respectively. Excessive energy intake increased mortality rapidly in the early period of the acute phase. Insufficient energy in the late period of the acute phase significantly raised the mortality as well. For the rehabilitation phase, too much or too little energy delivery were both associated with elevated death risk. Our study established time-series prediction models for septic patients to optimize energy delivery in the ICU. We recommended permissive underfeeding only in the early acute phase. Later, increased energy intake may improve survival and settle energy debts caused by underfeeding.

메이지시기에 발행된 조선지도와 국경

This study categorizes and analyzes the characteristics of maps depicting Korea published during the Meiji era, focusing on the representation of borders. Approximately 100 such maps were published during this period, with publication peaks coinciding with significant events in Japan-Korea relations, such as the Unyō Incident, the Imo Mutiny, the Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, and the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty. The maps of Korea published in Japan during this era can be classified into five types based on their border representations. Type A maps, which include the Manchurian region south of the Heilong (Amur) River, were only published before the Unyō Incident. Type B maps, incorporating neutral zones on the opposite shores of the Yalu and Tumen Rivers, were published only until the Sino-Japanese War. Both A and B type maps reflect an extended territorial perception of Korea north of the Yalu and Tumen Rivers. Type C maps, depicting the Yalu River, Mount Baekdu, and the Tumen River as borders, became the predominant representation of Korea during the Meiji era. These maps reflected more accurate topographical information from late Joseon period maps adopted by Japan. Type D maps, which exclude Mount Baekdu, were published from immediately after the Imo Mutiny until shortly after the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War. They were frequently used in Northeast Asian maps to represent Korea. Type E maps, including Gando 間島 as Korean territory, began to appear in 1894 and were published intensively during the Russo-Japanese War period, continuing until 1910. The concentrated publication of these maps around the Russo-Japanese War reflects Japan’s growing interest in Gando as it aimed to advance into Manchuria. The surge in demand for maps of Korea followed the rise of Seikanron (the “Conquest of Korea” debates) after the Meiji Restoration. Initially, due to insufficient geographical data from direct surveys, Japan had to rely on re-edited versions of previously collected historical Korean maps. As Japan conducted more direct surveys of Korea, their understanding of Korean borders became clearer, particularly around the time of the Sino-Japanese War.