Late Choson Research Articles

노상추와 외가(外家)의 심성적 교류

This paper analyzed the diary of Noh Sang­chu(盧尙樞: 1746-1829), a military officer in the late Choson Dynasty, and found that he was actively engaged in psychological exchanges with his maternal relatives. The relatives of mother family attended the mourning ceremony of the Noh family and shared joy and sadness together. Noh Sang­chu also attended the memorial service as a maternal grandson and fulfill his duties and roles. Such close relationship presents a ‘jeongdam(情談)’ culture which stands for sharing chats every time they meet and a spiritual exchange that only designated group of ‘jijeong(至情)’ can make. The ‘jijeong(至情)’ group that was close to Noh Sang­chu included his uncles, who were Noh Sang­chu‘s maternal uncles, and cousins who were sons of Noh’s father’s sister. In order to live adjacent to the ‘jijeong(至情)’ of maternal grandmother and other relatives, Noh family moved to mother’s hometown (Ungok). Noh Sang­chu treated his mother’s relatives with sincere ‘jijeong(至情)’, and his mother relatives also had a ‘jeongdam(情談)’ culture in which they spent time together by exchanging conversations when they visited Noh Sang­chu‘s house. Relatives of their mother family and Noh Sang­chu were showing sincerity as jijeong(至情) each other. As an uncle Noh Sang­chu took care of his nephew‘s smallpox. In his old age as a maternal grandfather, Noh prepared his granddaughter’s wedding and made his grandson socialize through learning housework as a ‘jijeong(至情)’. This paper, which illustrates emotional support and exchange of the mother’s family as an example of ‘jijeong(至情)’ and ‘jeongdam(情談)’ of the Noh Sang­chu family in the late Chosŏn Dynasty, suggests that not only the father but also the relatives from the mother’s side were involved in the socialization of younger generations through developing intimate relationships.

菱洋 朴宗善의 검서관 시절 교유와 작시 활동

This article focuses on social relationship of Neungyang(菱洋) Park Jongseon(朴宗善, 1759~1819) and poems written for relation, when he was geomseogwan(檢書官) in Kyujanggak(奎章閣). Park served as geomseogwan twice, under Jeongjo(正祖) and Soonjo(純祖), and greatly influenced by the first four geomseogwans. Thus in 1806(Soonjo 6), he wrote ‘Samae-si(三哀詩)’ for previous geomseogwan Lee Dukmoo(李德懋), Park Jega(朴齊家), and Seo Isoo(徐理修) who passed away. In most of his poems he put annotations, and in ‘Samae-si’ Park put annotation to almost every line, which helps his intention delivered correctly. Also in ‘Jicjoong-japyong(直中雜詠)’ he left valuable information about Soonjo- era geomseogwans such as Park Jongsan(朴宗山), Lee Uksoo(李旭秀), Lee Gwangkyoo(李光葵), Kim Sahyon(金思玄), Yoo Bonye(柳本藝).
 Through this research it is clear that Park Jongseon embodied poetics based on erudite studies shared with relationship during his service as geomseogwan. Also from this article Park’s poetic ability is affirmed and useful information about geomseogwans of late 18th century to early 19th century is attained, which would guide following researches on poet Park Jongseon or Late Choson Seo-ul Literature.

Layout and Transition of Government Office on Seocheongun Eupchi in the Late Choson Dynasty

본 연구는 조선시대 서천군을 대상으로, 특히 읍성 내의 관아건축에집중하여 읍치의 입지조건에 따른 배치상의 특성을 찾고자 하였으며,또한 근대기 관아시설의 훼철과 변용 등 변천 과정을 함께 밝히고자 하였다. 서천읍성은 낮은 구릉상에 축조된 포곡식 성곽으로 남쪽의 저지대에성문을 설치하여 배수와 통행을 해결하고 배면과 좌우 능선을 성벽으로연결하는 형상이다. 성내의 지형은 남문지를 제외하고 대부분 경사지를이루고 있고 따라서 성내의 관아시설은 가용대지를 찾아 독립적, 개별적으로 배치되었으며, 읍치의 민가는 남문 바깥으로 넓게 분포하는 양상을 띠게 되었다. 서천군 관아의 동헌은 지방관아의 가장 핵심공간으로 남문에서 가장멀리 떨어진, 가장 깊숙한 곳에 입지하여 진입동선에 따른 위계를 강조하고 차별화하였지만, 독립적으로 치우쳐 위치함으로써 읍치의 중심이라는 상징적인 측면은 축소되었다. 객사는 국왕의 전패를 모시는 상징공간이지만, 사객(使客)의 접대라는 또 다른 기능으로 인해 주도로에 가깝게 배치되는 것이 관례인데 서천군에서도 남문과 바로 이어지는 곳에 배치하였다. 다만 작청은 일반적으로 외삼문(문루)의 맞은편에 위치하는 것이 통례(通例)인데, 여기서는 객사 일곽에 가깝게 배치되었고, 향청이 남문 가까이 위치하는 것또한 다른 군현과 차별화된다. 서천군에서 양반 계층의 향청이 일찍이성 밖으로 옮긴 것도 이를 방증하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 한편 군관청은장시와의 관련성으로 장시 근처에 위치함으로써 직제와 배치의 상관성을 읽을 수 있었다. 한편 객사는 일제강점기 학교로 임시 사용되었고 동헌은 1920년대일식 목구조의 새로운 군청으로 신축되었으며, 주요 행정시설인 작청,향청, 장청은 통감부 시기부터 일본인의 군사경찰 관련 시설로 전용되었다가 이후 금융조합 등의 사무실로 다시 변모하였다. 그리고 추청, 즉형리청은 재무소, 금융조합사무실, 그리고 우편소 등 다양한 시설로 전용되었다가 이후 훼철되었다. 따라서 1920년대 이후 남문 주변의 전통적 관아시설이 대부분 훼철되고 근대기 일식 건물들로 대체되면서 고유한 읍치 경관은 변화를 맞게 되었다.This study is to analyze site layout traditional government office buil-ding of Seocheongun(舒川郡) Eupchi(邑治) focused on the conditions of a location, also look into the demolition and adaptive reuse of government office in Modern Period. Seocheon-Eupseong(舒川邑城) is a mountain fortress including valleys, and the south gate was constructed for the passage and drainage. Topo- graphy of the inside Town wall is mainly slope except the south gate site, and therefore government offices(Gwana) were laid out to seek available land independently, individually. On the other hand, dwelling of Eupchi was distributed outside of the south gate widely. Dongheon(東軒) which is center space of Eupchi was located innermostly, far from the south gate to emphasize a hierarchy with entrance flow, but was reduced on the symbolic aspect through separate location. Gaeksa(客舍) was located to the south gate, Jakcheong(作廳) which is office building of Yukbang(六房) was located nearby Gaeksa block, and Hyangcheong(鄕廳) is differentiated by locating the neighborhood of the south gate. And Gungwancheong(軍官廳) was located nearby marketplace due to the close dependence of organization and site layout. Gaeksa which is to enshrine Jeonpae(殿牌) was temporarily used with elementary school, Dongheon was built in the 1920’s in Japanese wooden structure style, and Jakcheong, Hyangcheong, Jangcheong(將廳) were con- verted with the military and the police administration, after that time was changed into a financial association. Chucheong(秋廳), namely Hyeongricheong(刑吏廳) was converted with a financial office, a financial association, a post office, after that time was demolished.

그래프 속 제왕의 목소리

This paper is aimed to visualize Kyujangjŏnun, one of the most influential rhyme books published in Choson Korea, paying particular attention to various network structures among the book’s rhymes and their relationships with the rhyme families. By applying social network analysis as a main research method, this study delineates the compiler’s intention which has been embedded in the formal features of Kyujangjŏnun. King Chongjo, who initiated the compilation project, envisaged the establishment of a new literary canon of the day through the careful regulation of literary forms. Visualizing Kyujangjŏnun using social network analysis, in this respect, is intended to identify the major elements the compiler chose to apply to constructing a new literary model. This study also serves as a preliminary study to support future research on the process of canon formation and literary censorship in late Choson Korea. How do editorial practices reshape the literary canon? Through the process of selecting, categorizing, and rearranging literary works, the late Choson government attempted to establish new literary canons. By contextualizing the interactions between the actual literary works proposed by the government and Kyujangjŏnun, which laid out the formal regulations, we will be able to delineate the ontology of textual interpretation and value of the day.

A study on salt produce system in the late choson dynasty

조선 후기에 있어서 소금은 바닷물을 농축하여 끓이는 자염(煮鹽)을 위주로 하여 생산하였다. 자염을 하기 위해서는먼저 염전을 포함한 염장(鹽場)을 설치하여야 한다. 그런데 염장을 설치하자면 우선 근처에 연료가 풍부하여야 유리하였다. 아울러 주변에 넓고 평탄한 갯벌이 있어야 하고, 굴과 같은 조개류가 많으면 더욱 좋았다. 여기에 더하여 수륙 교통이 편리하다면 염장의 생산성은 보다 높아졌던 것이다. 염장에는 몇 가지 시설을 갖추어야 생산이 제대로 이루어질 수 있었다. 그것은 부옥과 함수고, 그리고 염부 및 염창등이다. 아울러 염전 주변으로 수로와 도로가 정비되어 진다면 더욱 유리하였다. 자염을 생산하는 주요한 과정은 먼저염전 갈기이다. 이것은 염전 위에 산포한 토사를 몇 차례 갈아엎어 염분 함량이 높은 함수(鹹水)를 만드는데 필요하였다. 이렇게 생산된 함수를 함수고에 저장하면서 염부에 넣고 달이면, 자염 즉 소금이 만들어졌던 것이다. 부산 명지도 염전의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 염전까지 수로를 연결하여 현대 염전의 증발지에 바닷물을 공급하듯이 급수가 용이하게 되었다. 둘째, 증발지 형태의 염전으로, 염전 내부에 작은 저수지를 규칙적으로 많이 만들어 해수가 많이 증발하도록 하였다. 이 방법은 조선후기 전통 염전방식과는 판이하게 다르다. 이 방식은 ‘쇄염법(曬鹽法)’의 한방법으로 보다 발전된 형태이다. 셋째, 증발지의 신설로 섯(간수통)이 소멸되었다. 넷째, 함수고가 염전 주위에 많이 설치되었다. 염전의 함수를 1차로 모으고, 이를 인력으로 다시 소금가마 옆의 함수고로 운반하였다.Salt production was very important place in the economy of traditional korea. it is generally produced by boiling sea water, in the late Choson dynasty, that is from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. This was period of rapid social change and economic development, and the metamorphosis of korean economy and society stimulated salt industry. sea water was kept in salt fields for evaporation, it helped keep the hours of boiling and hence the amount of fuel. other factors included the convenience transportation and salt pot with salt store house and so forth. but the crucial factor in deciding the locality of salt fields was the availability of fuel. this study attempts to delineate the main features of salt industry in the late choson period. the raw material of salt was brine obtained from the sea. the government encouraged the salt production. the shortage of the fuel for salt was filled up by the government. the availability of fuel was the crucial factor in deciding the locality of salt fields. other factors included the convenience of transportation and the adequacy of soil type. Consequently, the salt fields heavily concentrated along the southwestern coast of Korea.

Records, Knowledge and Making Common Sense about Seowon Confucian Academy of Seonsan and Indong Region in the Late Choson Dynasty

Records, Knowledge and Making Common Sense about Seowon Confucian Academy of Seonsan and Indong Region in the Late Choson Dynasty

The Publication and Distribution of Literary Collection in the Late Choson Period

본고는 조선후기 문집 간행 양상을 검토하여 한문학 텍스트의 유통 실상을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 활자본 문집은 본디 목판본 문집 간행을 위한 중간 단계로서 배포용이 아닌 보관용으로 많은 부수를 인출하지 않았으며, 목판본 문집 역시 광범위한 유통을 입증할 증거를 찾기 어렵다. 목판본 문집 간행의 목적은 문집의 유통이 아니라 판목의 판각과 보존이었다. 판목은 본디 서적을 인출하기 위한 도구이지만, 그 자체가 문화적 자산으로 기능하기 때문이다. 문집의 간행은 평균적으로 저자 사후 1세기 이후에야 이루어졌으므로 당대에 비평적 담론을 형성하기 어려웠다. 이같은 문헌 유통의 실상은 조선시대 한문학이 전대의 성취를 수용, 비판함으로써 발전하였다는 문학사의 연속성을 근본적으로 의심할 필요를 제기한다.

『옹고집전』에서 재현된 조선 후기 향촌사회의 도덕경제와 공존의 의미

본고는 『옹고집전』을 연구 대상으로 삼아 조선 후기 향촌사회에서 ‘공존’이 가지고 있는 문화적 함의를 고찰하고자 했다. 『옹고집전』은 眞옹과 假옹의 대결을 그린 진가쟁주(眞假爭主) 화소를 중심으로 眞옹을 사회적 규범에 맞게 교정시키고 공동체로 복귀시키는 서사적 흐름을 지니고 있다. 옹고집이 공동체와 공존하기 위해서는 반드시 교정의 과정이 필요하다는 것으로, 이는 공존의 이면에 잠재적 폭력이 위치하고 있음을 시사한다.<BR> 『옹고집전』이 시공간적 배경으로 삼은 조선 후기 향촌사회는 도덕경제가 작동하고 있었다. 도덕경제는 농민이 이윤의 극대화보다 위험의 극소화에 초점을 맞춘다는 사실에 주목하여 ‘호혜성의 규범’과 ‘생계에 대한 권리’라는 두 가지 원칙을 통해 개인과 공동체를 존속시키게 한다. 하지만 이런 특성 때문에 경제력의 재분배라는 사회적 기조에 따르지 않은 구성원에 대해서는 공동체의 가차 없는 처벌이 이루어지기도 했다.<BR> 『옹고집전』은 이런 도덕경제의 폭력성을 드러내는 작품이다. 옹고집을 향한 사회적 살해는 희생제의의 구조에 기반을 두고 있으며, 옹고집을 희생양으로 삼아 공동체의 위기를 극복하는 서사적 양상을 보여 준다. 그리고 더 나아가 이를 교정의 서사와 연결시킴으로써 옹고집을 향했던 공동체의 만장일치적 폭력을 겉으로 드러낸다. 옹고집은 누구나 공동체의 규범에서 벗어난 개인을 희생양으로 만들고 공동체 밖으로 축출할 수 있음을 생생하게 보여 주는 인물이다.<BR> 공동체가 위기나 분열을 겪을 때, 그 책임을 통째로 전가시킬 수 있는 희생양이 만들어질 수 있다는 사실만으로 공동체의 구성원들은 모두 ‘잠재적인 박해자’가 된다. 모두가 박해자이며 동시에 희생양이 될 수 있는 가능성을 짊어지게 되는 것이다. 『옹고집전』이 보여 주는 공존의 이면에는 만장일치적 폭력을 초석으로 삼아 쌓아 올린 일시적인 평화와 조화가 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

Neo-Confucian idea and some problems of Silhak in the late Choson period

Neo-Confucian idea and some problems of Silhak in the late Choson period

조선후기 사명대사 인식의 생성과 대중적 확산

조선후기 사명대사 인식의 생성과 대중적 확산

향촌사회의 혁신세력 형성과정과 사회사적 의미 -조선후기 강원 영동지방을 중심으로-

향촌사회의 혁신세력 형성과정과 사회사적 의미 -조선후기 강원 영동지방을 중심으로-

On the series works of Yuefu-poetry Songs of Ke-Munlan by Seong Hae-Eung and psychological trauma of intellectuals in the late Choson dynasty

On the series works of Yuefu-poetry Songs of Ke-Munlan by Seong Hae-Eung and psychological trauma of intellectuals in the late Choson dynasty

A critical review of history textbook descriptions about ‘history writings’ of Sirhak-scholars in the late Choson Dynasty and suggestions for improvement

A critical review of history textbook descriptions about ‘history writings’ of Sirhak-scholars in the late Choson Dynasty and suggestions for improvement

Recitation of Classical Chinese in Choson-Focused on Royal Lecture of Late Choson Period-

Recitation of Classical Chinese in Choson-Focused on Royal Lecture of Late Choson Period-

조선 중‧후기 함양 개평리의 역사 변천과 의미

조선 중‧후기 함양 개평리의 역사 변천과 의미

Searching for modernity: Western influence and true-view landscape in Korean painting of the late Choson period

Searching for modernity: Western influence and true-view landscape in Korean painting of the late Choson period

The Local Elite Society Status Maintenance and the Aspect of Unyang County in late Choson Dynasty - A Case Study of Danyang Woo Family of Bounri Samdongmyeon -

The Local Elite Society Status Maintenance and the Aspect of Unyang County in late Choson Dynasty - A Case Study of Danyang Woo Family of Bounri Samdongmyeon -

Study on Machlock Musket of the Late Choson Dynasty

Large scale wars such as the Japanese Invasion of Korea or the Second Manchu Invasion of Korea brought about reorganization notonly of the military system but also of the weapon system, which had stressed bow and arrow, to Choson military, and firearm was at the center of this reorganization. After the wars,machlock musket was assigned as the basic firearm of Choson military, and this introduction of machlock musket had a great meaning in that it resulted in the fundamental change of Choson military tactics and also influenced the drastic reform of the military system. Due to introduction of machlock musket to the world as well as Choson and East Asia, the early ruling class-centered combat groups were changed to those consisting of farmers and general people. In regarding to the its importance in military history, researchers in Japan and Korea had studied introduction and management of machlock musket,and changes ofmilitary systems, tactics, and society. Researches in Korea started from manufacturing and introduction of machlock musket in the late Choson dynasty and advanced to weapon systems and tactics. Lately, some researches dealt with the aspect of military changes caused by introduction of machlock musket. Besides,there were also researches looking atthe weapon system changesof Choson in the perspective ofproduct exchange or political use. Therefore,the main purpose of this article is to examine advanced researches related to machlock musket, which was the major firearm of the weapon system of the Choson Dynasty. Key words :Machlock musket, Musketeer, Gunpowder weapon, Tactics, Militarysystem, Weapon system, Civilization interchange Keywords: Machlock musket; Musketeer; Gunpowder weapon; Tactics; Militarysystem; Weapon system; Civilization interchange. 조총; 포수; 火器; 전술; 군사제도; 무기체계; 문물교류 Publisher ROK Army Military History Institute Language: ko

The Measure of the World: Scenes from a Journey to Kaesŏng

In 1757, the scholar Kang Se-hwang (1713-91) documented his trip to Kaesong (formerly known as Songdo) in an album that has since become one of the most celebrated groups of paintings in the history of late Choson art. Known as Journey to Kaesong, the album has been particularly recognized for its incorporation of linear perspective and other techniques associated with Western-style oil painting. Yet even more significant was how Kang treated scale, defined in this context the deliberate calibration of objects according to size. The vast majority of Choson paintings used scale primarily as a means to make visible abstract ideas such as infinity and vastness, often taking as a standard the kinds of relational frameworks used in inkbrush painting since the early Song Dynasty. In Journey to Kaesong, however, both the physical scale determined by the album format and the pictorial scale internal to the depiction are used to generate viewing experiencies that induce in audiences a sense of immediacy, one that enabled the possibility of imaginig the world beyond the geographic, aesthetic, political and social hierarchies prevalent at the time the work was first made and shown.

Authenticity Issues which had been happened in slave ownership lawsuit of late 16th century Choson period

Authenticity Issues which had been happened in slave ownership lawsuit of late 16th century Choson period