Late 1980s Research Articles

The spatial and seasonal patterns and stability of the Lake Whitefish fishery in Michigan waters of southern Lake Huron

AbstractObjectiveGiven that the harvested fish from five separate fishing grounds belong to one large mixed population, our objective is to develop an overall abundance index for Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Michigan waters of southern Lake Huron.MethodsWe analyzed catch‐and‐effort data for individual fishing trips to five separate fishing grounds and used Bayesian information criterion to select the best model struture.ResultThe best model included the year × area × month interaction as a random effect, representing the random component in fishery dynamics that were influenced by both fishing practices and fish abundance. The best model also included the fixed effects of area × month interaction, a result consistent with our hypothesis that the seasonal spatial migrations of Lake Whitefish provide the links among the fisheries in separate fishing grounds, and the fishery yields from these separate areas were all dependent on the production in southern Lake Huron as a whole. After adjusting for the random effect of year × area × month interaction and the fixed effects of area × month interaction, the estimated patterns for the fixed year effect indicated that the Lake Whitefish abundance in Michigan waters of southern Lake Huron declined during the late 2000s but has been relatively constant after 2012.ConclusionThe declines in annual fishery yield were due to and could be explained more by the decreases in fish abundance through 2012 but thereafter primarily reflected the declines in annual fishing effort as the fisheries continued to adjust to the changed fishing conditions. We also provided general lessons for studying fisheries without fishery independent surveys but with detailed seasonal and spatial catch‐and‐effort data.

UMA LEITURA DA EVOLUÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE CARTOGRAFIA OCORRIDA ENTRE 1960 E 2000

From the 1940s to 2000, reflecting on the conceptual transformations in the field and their relationship with technological advancements. Initially, the UN provided the definition of Cartography, but from 1965 onwards, the ICA assumed this responsibility. Over the span of 40 years, these definitions evolved considerably. In 1992, Fraser Taylor, as the president of the ICA, introduced a significant update by incorporating the term "geoinformation" into the definition. This modification broadened the scope of Cartography to include other forms of spatial representation. However, in the late 1990s, there was a regression when the ICA simplified the definition of Cartography, restricting it to the study of maps. This dynamic illustrates that the evolution of scientific debates does not always follow a linear trajectory, often oscillating between advancements and regressions. Consequently, it is concluded that ongoing conceptual debates around the definition of Cartography are essential to keep pace with emerging technological and theoretical innovations in the field. Keywords: Epistemology. International Cartographic Association. History of Cartography.

Health information system assessments: Opportunities for international collaboration

Abstract Since the late 1990s, with the development of European Core Health Indicators (ECHI) and the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS), the EU aims to strengthen its continental database for evidence-informed public health policy and research. BRIDGE Health (2015-2017), InfAct (Information for Action 2018-2021) and PHIRI (Population Health Information Research Infrastructure 2020-2023) projects prepared for the establishment of a sustainable European health information infrastructure. Country health information system (HIS) assessments were core project activities, performed on the basis of the WHO Euro ‘Support Tool to strengthen health information systems’. To serve project objectives, the original top-down Support Tool was modified and implemented in a peer-to-peer approach among project countries. InfAct and PHIRI conducted 9 country peer-assessments each. InfAct assessments were carried out through country visits, targeting overall health information inequalities and good practices. PHIRI performed virtual country visits, focusing on COVID-19 health information flows. The WHO Tool was further adapted by the Joint Action TEHDAS (2021-2023) to assess the readiness of HIS in Europe for the European Health Data Space. Experience with these different iterations led to the revision of the Support Tool in 2021 to include a more expanded and modular approach which enables HIS assessments to opt to focus on specific aspects. To date, a sustainable European health information infrastructure has not been set up. Currently, the EU funds a joint Health Information Network with WHO Euro. Building regional infrastructures for public health and NCDI/MH monitoring and reporting depend on structures and on the political will of supranational organizations and their members. Meanwhile, HIS assessments to improve surveillance, population health and to reduce health information inequalities lend themselves to increased international collaboration and knowledge exchange.

Portuguese cinema and its discontents: a view from the film archive

ABSTRACT The article revisits the main arguments and underlying premises of the protracted debate on ‘national art cinema’ that has shaped Portuguese film studies for many decades. Drawing on international scholarly work on national cinemas and on my own experience as a researcher in the National Archive of the Moving Images (ANIM) of the Portuguese Cinematheque (Cinemateca Portuguesa – Museu do Cinema), I argue for a definition of ‘Portuguese cinema’ that takes into account the vast collections of non-fiction films that have been excluded from this debate. My proposal entails a shift away from prescriptive to descriptive understandings of Portuguese cinema, thus recognising its diversity, in the past as well as in the present. I therefore endorse a conception of national cinema that takes heed of wider and deeper historical processes, international ‘constellations’ and other (often contested or unacknowledged) traditions and practices. The argument builds on the analysis of Adriano Ramos Pinto – Vinho do Porto (attributed title), a short non-fiction utility film made in the late 1930s that belongs to ANIM’s holdings.

Same goal, different measures: Obscure transformation in Japan's food security policy (1970–2020)

AbstractFor decades, the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture has implemented various measures to ensure a stable food supply, considering food security a top priority due to the increasing uncertainty of the global economy. However, the ministry's food security policy has evolved substantially with a disproportionate focus on the domestic production of specific food products. This policy change occurred without being widely recognized by the public, media, or intellectuals. Why has the Agricultural Ministry's policy changed even though its goal has remained the same? By applying both qualitative and quantitative research methods, we investigated the context behind this obscure policy transition. Our findings reveal that, contrary to conventional understanding, this policy shift occurred not so much due to political pressure from the agricultural sector, but mainly because of a change in the definition of a key policy concept (i.e., the food self‐sufficiency rate) in the late 1980s.

Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus: review of author’s experiences and observations

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital cardiac defect (CCD) and comprises 8% to 10% of all CCDs. Following the description of surgical closure by Gross and colleagues in the 1930s, it has become a standard mode of therapy and remained so until the description of transcatheter techniques to occlude PDA by Porstmann, Rashkind and their associates in the late 1960s. This review paper discusses transcatheter occlusion techniques with buttoned devices, Giantuco coils , and Amplatzer devices with particular attention to author’s contributions to these methods.

Competing effects of wind and buoyancy forcing on ocean oxygen trends in recent decades

Ocean deoxygenation is becoming a major stressor for marine ecosystems due to anthropogenic climate change. Two major pathways through which climate change affects ocean oxygen are changes in wind fields and changes in air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes. Here, we use a global ocean biogeochemistry model run under historical atmospheric forcing to show that wind stress is the dominant driver of year-to-year oxygen variability in most ocean regions. Only in areas of water mass formation do air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes dominate year-to-year oxygen dynamics. The deoxygenation since the late 1960s has been driven mainly by changes in air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes. Part of this deoxygenation has been mitigated by wind-driven increases in ventilation and interior oxygen supply, mainly in the Southern Ocean. The predicted slowdown in wind stress intensification, combined with continued ocean warming, may therefore greatly accelerate ocean deoxygenation in the coming decades. The fact that the model used here, along with many state-of-the-art forced ocean models, underestimates recent ocean deoxygenation indicates the need to use forcing fields that better represent pre-industrial conditions during their spin-up.

Governor’s houses: unique Gothenburg workers’ housing

ABSTRACT ‘Governor's houses' were built between 1875 and 1945 as workers’ housing in Gothenburg. Typically, they comprised a ground floor made of brick and two storeys built in wood. They were narrow houses with staircases lit by daylight and the apartments were illuminated from both sides. Though they were cheap to build and popular homes for half of the city's population in the late 1930s, this type of housing was not reproduced anywhere else. The initiative came from a Workers’ Building Association and was supported by Gothenburg town architect Victor Gegerfelt. Around 1900, governor's houses were mainly built by speculative builders, often with poor quality, resulting in low reputation. From 1910 architects started to design them and large builders like the municipal housing companies and cooperative HSB got involved. The same basic typology followed changing ideals in exterior design and town planning from the 1910s to the 1930s. In the 1960s and 1970s, almost half of the stock of governor’s houses was demolished, mainly the older and more central ones. The conclusion raises the counterfactual question of why those houses were not built elsewhere and what would be needed to reintroduce this type of housing.

A Rare Case of Tremor Induces by Cycloserine in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patient

Background: Tuberculosis is a contagious disease that generated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug-Resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is inculpated the use of the second-line anti-tubercular treatment which is associated with many drug side effects or so called, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR). Cycloserine (Cs) is an important drug against drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Cycloserine has been used in tuberculosis therapy since the late 1950s. Identical with most drug, Cycloserine can cause many Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR). Case Illustration: A 23-year-old woman diagnosed with drug-resistant tuberculosis is undergoing long-term treatment. The patient received treatment for DR-TB with the Bdq-Lfx-Cfz-Cs-E regimen. After the patient underwent the 10th month of advanced phase treatment, the patient complained of shaking in both hands (tremors). The tremor is felt to be more severe in the right hand and the patient cannot grip objects tightly. Discussion: Cycloserine (Cs) play an important role in second-line drug management of DR-TB. Cs-Induced psychosis and other neurological side-effects can be detrimental towards patients yet they are rarely reports in DR-TB cases. Cs is correlated with severe psychiatric cases and Central Nervous System related ADRs. Cs-associated ADR is most likely because of production of gamma-aminobutyric acid as a result of inhibition of glutamic decarboxylase. Study Shown that among 132 patients who reported side effects in the cycloserine group, 2 (1.4%) experienced major side effects, namely tremors. Side effects possibly or probably related to Cs appeared after a median of 71 days (range 10–331 days) of Cs treatment. Conclusion: the drug side effects such as tremors are very rare in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients. In this case, the patient's complaint of tremors could be caused by cycloserine as an anti-tuberculosis drug.

Arrest Matters: The Pragmatics of Vulnerability in Phone Calls to the Stasi

Using Conversation Analysis (CA), this article focuses on the ways in which participants invoke vulnerability in phone calls to the former East German State Security Service, better known as the Stasi. The calls were made in the late 1970s and the 1980s and pertained in one way or the other to political arrests. The main aim is to understand the linkage between vulnerability as an attribute of an institutional setting and vulnerability as the mutual achievement of a social interaction with an organization. The data represent different ways of addressing experiences of vulnerabilisation and different complications, each with a specific interactional character (failed request for help, self-protection or expression of indignation about one’s own treatment). Starting with an ambiguous case and focusing on how participants work to describe experiences of arrest in other cases documented and available in the Stasi tape archive, the article describes the sequential unfolding of vulnerability in different formats, depending on how the recipient designs them and the communicative tasks that participants tackle in their interactions.

Jewish-Muslim Friendship Networks: A Study of Intergenerational Boundary Work in Postwar Germany

Abstract This article presents a little-known story of Jewish-Muslim coexistence in Germany after World War Two. Using an ethnographic case study of Frankfurt am Main’s train-station district (Bahnhofsviertel), the analysis investigates long-term and partially forgotten Jewish-Muslim narratives, relations, and neighborhood encounters, paying particular attention to the changing political, spatial, and temporal dimensions that have blurred or closed symbolic boundaries between Jews and Muslims since the late 1960s. Bringing together the scholarship on symbolic boundaries and urban diversity, the theoretical discussion contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the variegated processes of Jewish-Muslim boundary-making and un-making over time, as well as the macro- and micro-level influences which shape these negotiations and outcomes. Studying Jewish-Muslim relations at the neighborhood level by adopting a boundary-related approach brings out more clearly the tensions over groupism and fluidity in theoretical debates and removes the current exceptionalism around Jewish-Muslim themes, making them more easily compared with other boundary processes within everyday life.

Consumer-Oriented Marketing Strategy of Chinese Domestic Otome Games: A Case Study of Love and Deepspace

Abstract: Otome games, story-based romance video games targeting women, originated in Japan in the late 1990s and have since gained popularity all around the world. This paper investigates the rise of Chinese domestic otome games, focusing on Love and Deepspace, a burgeoning and competitive title. The study analyzes its marketing strategy using the 4P model and examines the game's reflection on consumer behavior. The findings show that Love and Deepspace has innovated marketing approaches within the otome game industry, leveraging 3D modeling as the core of its product and price strategies and employing consumer-centric promotion strategies globally. As a conclusion, the paper states that understanding target consumers preferences is vital for future market planning. The research uses Love and Deepspaces success as an example to highlight the significant business value of domestic otome games and provide insights for companies to refine their strategies in this growing market.

The acoustic characteristics of Swedish vowels.

The Swedish vowel space is relatively densely populated with 21 categories that differ in quality and quantity. Existing descriptions of the entire space rest on recordings made in the late 1990s or earlier, while recent work in general has focused on subsets of the space. The present paper reports on static and dynamic acoustic analyses of the entire vowel space using a recently released database of h-VOWEL-d words (SwehVd). The results highlight the importance of static and dynamic spectral and temporal cues for Swedish vowel category distinction. The first two formants and vowel duration are the primary acoustic cues to vowel identity, however, the third formant contributes to increased category separability for neighboring contrasts presumed to differ in lip-rounding. In addition, even though all long-short vowel pairs differ systematically in duration, they also display considerable spectral differences, suggesting that quantity distinctions are not separate from quality distinctions in Swedish. The dynamic analysis further suggests formant movements in both long and short vowels, with [e:] and [o:] displaying clearer patterns of diphthongization.

Changes to Outer Areas of Prefectural Government Cities in Non-metropolitan Areas since the Late 1980s: Case Study of Morioka Urban Area

Changes to Outer Areas of Prefectural Government Cities in Non-metropolitan Areas since the Late 1980s: Case Study of Morioka Urban Area

The New Zealand spread and distribution of the South American weevils Floresianus sordidus Hustache and Atrichonotus taeniatulus (Berg)

ABSTRACT The South American Flores weevil (Floresianus sordidus Hustache, 1939) and little fringed weevil Atrichonotus taeniatulus (Berg, 1881) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) are now common in northern areas of the North Island of New Zealand. Historic records were investigated to determine the distribution and prevalence of these flightless weevils during five decades following their initial establishment in the Hawke’s Bay region in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Both were slow dispersers: the first detection outside Hawke’s Bay was in the 1990s and they were only confirmed present in Taranaki from 2017 onwards. Dispersal between regions likely occurred via human transport, with both detected for the first time in the South Island in 2000 at Christchurch airport. Based on the number of sites where the weevils have been collected, both species have been found more often in the warmer regions but will eventually colonise most of New Zealand. Parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was detected in A. taeniatulus adults but not in F. sordidus.

Long-term trends in abundance and potential drivers for eight species of coastal birds in the U.S. South Atlantic

The U.S. South Atlantic coastal region is used by many marine birds for foraging, reproduction, and migration. We developed standardized indices of relative abundance from long–term (1980–2016), semi-structured monitoring data (eBird) for eight species: Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), Double-Crested Cormorant (Nannopterum auritum), White Ibis (Eudocimus albus), Wood Stork (Mycteria americana), Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus), American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus), Clapper Rail (Rallus crepitans), and Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus). Following a period of stable or declining abundance from the 1980s through the 1990s, most species have shown stable or slightly upward trends through the late 2000s; Brown Pelican and Piping Plover have shown some evidence of recent declines. Species–specific correlations between abundance indices developed from presence/absence data and those developed from count data were positive for all species and ranged from 0.53 to 0.86. Dynamic factor analysis identified common trends in abundance among several species, in particular, Brown Pelican, Double–Crested Cormorant, and White Ibis. Model performance was improved with inclusion of an indicator of sea level rise, but not forage fish abundance or temperature, indicating habitat availability mediated by changing water levels may explain some of the underlying abundance trends. Our results provide baseline information on long–term trends for several important coastal birds that can help inform research, monitoring and conservation efforts in the U.S. South Atlantic region.

An evaluation of trends for mesothelioma mortality in American women: Addressing the content of a recent Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).

Mesothelioma is a fatal disease that has historically been associated with exposure to airborne asbestos. Because occupational asbestos exposures dropped dramatically in the late 1960s and early 1970s, far fewer cases of mesothelioma today are due to these fibers but, instead, are usually a result of the aging process or genetic predisposition. In May of 2022, a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) was issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding malignant mesothelioma incidence in women from 1999 to 2020. While this MMWR alerted citizens to the continued presence of the disease, after reading this article one might have thought that the CDC was suggesting that the disease was increasing in women due to asbestos exposures (which it is not). In the present analysis, we investigate several factors related to the interpretation of epidemiological data for mesothelioma, including the role of asbestos as a risk factor over time. The authors conducted a review of the scientific community's understanding of mesothelioma incidence and asbestos exposures amongst women, as well as an investigation of the methods and references in the MMWR article. Although various articles have recently discussed the incidence of both peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma in women, it is fortunate that the age-adjusted rates for mesothelioma have remained flat (neither increased nor decreased significantly) in women for the past 50 years. Incredibly few women in the U. S. have had appreciable cumulative exposures to any type of asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, or crocidolite) in the workplace or from the ambient environment, especially since about 1965-1970. In this paper, we highlight six factors that should be considered when evaluating the incidence of mesothelioma amongst American women in the current era. Without sufficient consideration of these factors, improper conclusions have been drawn over the past several years.

Seven Decades of Surface Temperature Changes in Central European Lakes: What Is Next?

Lakes are vital components of the hydrosphere, holding both environmental and economic significance. In recent times, they have undergone transformations in one of their key characteristics—water temperature. Assessing the scale and pace of these changes depends on the length and accuracy of the available data. This study focuses on the two lakes in Poland (Białe Augustowskie and Studzieniczne) with the longest continuous water temperature records, ranging from 1954 to 2023. The results reveal a relatively stable thermal regime until the late 1980s (with changes that were statistically insignificant) and a significant shift over the past three decades, during which the water temperature increased at a rate of 0.5 °C per decade. Importantly, simulations indicate further warming of the water by the end of the 21st century. Depending on the chosen climate change scenario, the warming of both lakes is expected to continue, with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP585) scenario projecting a steady increase of 0.5 °C per decade. Given the fundamental importance of water temperature in determining factors such as water quality, these future changes present a significant challenge for water management authorities in terms of maintaining and managing these ecosystems.

Решение «жилищного вопроса» партаппаратом БАССР периода «хрущевской оттепели»

The principles of solving the housing issue in the era of the “Khrushchev thaw” in the Bashkortostan ASSR among the privileged part of Soviet society ‒ regional party managers ‒ were examined in the article, based on archival sources deposited in the National Archives of the Republic of Bashkortostan, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The author concretized the specifics of “allocation of housing” to the party nomenclature in one of the largest national republics in the RSFSR, characterized by hidden interdepartmental clashes that took place between the organs of the republican party power and authorized state bodies at the local level. The article focuses on the trend that emerged in the late 1950s, which was expressed in the gradual rejection of housing and everyday asceticism by the post-Stalin party nomenclature in favor of the growing philistine-consumer individualism and consumerism, which were not officially recognized in the Soviet Union. The article examines the moral and ethical qualities of regional party managers, whose public rhetoric and self-presentation in the public space contrasted with their focus on obtaining material benefits depending on the level of their position.

Can satellite products monitor solar brightening in Europe?

Satellite products provide the best way to monitor the solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface on a global scale. However, their capability to monitor solar radiation trends needs to be constantly evaluated. This depends on their temporal stability and the accurate representation of all processes driving solar radiation. This study evaluates these aspects by comparing and cross-comparing different solar radiation products (ERA5, CAMS-RAD 4.6, SARAH-3, CLARA-A3, CERES-EBAF 4.2) against in-situ measurements over Europe.All products show a moderate positive bias over Europe but strong differences in their root mean squared deviation (RMSD) related to their different cloud transmittance models. Geostationary-based products (SARAH-3, CAMS-RAD 4.6) provide the smallest RMSD closely followed by CLARA-A3, whereas ERA5 shows a large RMSD due to random errors in cloud transmittance.All products show an increase in surface solar radiation, or brightening, over the last 40 years over Europe, but the magnitude of the trends and their spatiotemporal variability differ between products. Despite finding temporal inhomogeneities in some products, the different trends are mostly due to different aerosol modeling approaches implemented by each product. Both SARAH-3 (+2.3 W/m2/decade, 2001–22) and CERES-EBAF 4.2 (+2.2 W/m2/decade, 2001–22) provide the most consistent trends compared to in-situ data, showing that after stabilizing in the late 2000s, brightening is particularly recovering in Western Europe. In-situ measurements show a reduction of aerosol optical depth from 2001 to 2022 that has been accentuated in the last 10 years, particularly in Western Europe. This would be consistent with the hypothesis that brightening recovery is driven by an aerosol reduction, though other analyses suggest that clouds also play a role in this recovery. More work is needed to understand the contribution of aerosols to solar radiation trends and the exact aerosol effects represented by each solar radiation product.