Lat Pulldown Research Articles

Grip Width and Forearm Orientation Effects on Muscle Activity During the Lat Pull-Down

Based on electromyographic (EMG) studies, an anterior (in front of the face) wide grip with a pronated forearm has been recommended as the optimal lat pull-down (LPD) variation for strengthening the latissimus dorsi (LD) (Signorile, JF, Zink, A, and Szwed, S. J Strength Cond Res 16: 539-546, 2002; Wills, R, Signorile, J, Perry, A, Tremblay, L, and Kwiatkowski, K. Med Sci Sports Exerc 26: S20, 1994). However, it is not clear whether this finding was because of grip width or forearm orientation. This study aimed to resolve this issue by comparing wide-pronated, wide-supinated, narrow-pronated, and narrow-supinated grips of an anterior LPD. Twelve healthy men performed the 4 grip variations using an experimentally determined load of 70% of 1 repetition maximum. Two trials of 5 repetitions were analyzed for each grip type. Participants maintained a cadence of 2-second concentric and 2-second eccentric phases. The grip widths were normalized for each individual by using a wide grip that corresponded to their carrying width and a narrow grip that matched their biacromial diameter. Surface EMG of the LD, middle trapezius (MT), and biceps brachii (BB) was recorded, and the root mean square of the EMG was normalized, using a maximum isometric voluntary contraction. Repeated-measures analysis of variance for each muscle revealed that a pronated grip elicited greater LD activity than a supinated grip (p < 0.05), but had no influence of grip type on the MT and BB muscles. Based on these findings, an anterior LPD with pronated grip is recommended for maximally activating the LD, irrespective of the grip width (carrying width or biacromial diameter).

Traditional Resistance Training versus Superslow Strength Training on Strength, Flexibility, and Aerobic Capacity in Females

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of SuperSlow resistance training to traditional resistance training on measures of strength, aerobic capacity, and flexibility in college-aged females. METHODS: Thirty-five healthy college-aged females were randomly divided into three groups: SuperSlow resistance training (n=14); traditional resistance training (n=13); and control (n=8). The two exercise groups trained for 4 weeks, 3 times per week for 20-30 minutes each session. Workouts consisted of five exercises: shoulder press (SP), chest press (CP), leg press (LP), low row (LR), and lat pull down (LPD). The SuperSlow group completed 1 set of each exercise at 50% 1RM until momentary failure with a 10 second concentric phase and a 10 second eccentric phase. The traditional group completed 3 sets of 8 repetitions at 80% 1RM for each exercise. Outcome measures were assessed at the beginning of the training and at the end and included sit and reach flexibility, estimated maximal oxygen uptake (Astrand Rhyming cycle test), and 1 RM strength measures for each exercise. SPSS version 17.0 was used to analyze the data and statistical probability was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: There were no baseline differences between the groups. Body weight did not change for any group, however flexibility improved significantly (p < 0.01) for the two training groups (SuperSlow 14.7%, Traditional 11%). Estimated VO2 Max improved 5-6% for each group following the intervention. All 1-RM strength tests had significant trial (p < 0.01) and group (p < 0.05) effects following the exercise protocols. There were no changes in control group strength values, however the other 2 groups had significant improvements (SP increased 19% for the traditional group and 10.5% for Superslow; LPD, 24% vs 17%, respectively; LP 25% vs 15% respectively; CP 24% vs 20% respectively; and LR 25% vs 18% respectively). CONCLUSION: The SuperSlow and Traditional training programs were both equally effective for improving flexibility and aerobic function. Both programs also improved strength, as expected, with the traditional program resulting in larger improvements.

Low Intensity of Running Favors for Anabolic Response after Resistance Exercise

Whether active or passive recovery after resistance exercise may affect anabolic and catabolic response is not clear. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of active (moderate or low intensity running) and passive (rest) recovery after resistance exercise on testosterone, cortisol and testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C) responses. METHODS: By counter-balanced design, nine recreationally active males (age: 23.89 ± 0.86 yrs of age; height: 172.89 ± 1.30 cm; weight: 68.37 ± 2.72 kg; VO2max: 56.56 ± 1.70 ml/kg/min) completed three tests including: 65% VO2max running (moderate intensity, RM), 40% VO2max running (low intensity, RL) and passive rest (RR) following 3sets of four resistance exercises (bench press, leg extension, front lat pulldown and leg curl, 12 repetitions at 60%1RM with 2min rest among all sets and exercises). In order to evaluate the systemic anabolic status, plasma testosterone, cortisol and T/C ratio were measured before resistance exercise (baseline), immediately after either active or passive recovery (post), and 30min after recovery (rest). RESULTS: In RM group, T/C was significantly lower (decrease 18.5%, p<0.05) than baseline at rest. In RL group, T/C was significantly higher (increase 79.1% at post and increase 123.2% at rest, p<0.05) than baseline at post and rest, respectively. At rest, the T/C of RL was higher than RM (RM: 0.49 ± 0.12, RL: 1.08 ± 0.19, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Resistance exercise followed by low intensity aerobic exercise is more favorable to enhance anabolic response during post-exercise recovery.

Influence Of Exercise Order On Maximum Strength And Muscle Volume In Nonlinear Periodized Resistance Training

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of exercise order on strength and muscle volume after 12 weeks of nonlinear periodized resistance training. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups. One group began with large and progressed toward small muscle group exercises (LG-SM) while another started with small muscle group exercises and advanced to large muscle group exercises (SM-LG). The exercise order for LG-SM was bench press (BP), machine lat pull-down (LPD), triceps extension (TE), and biceps curl (BC). The order for the SM-LG was BC, TE, LPD and BP. The third group did not exercise and served as a control group (CG). Training frequency was two sessions per week with at least 72 hours of rest between sessions. Muscle volume (MV) was accessed at baseline, after six weeks and 12 weeks of training by ultrasound techniques. One repetition maximum strength (1RM) for all exercises was accessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of training. After 12 weeks both trained groups showed significant improvements in all exercises (1RM) as well triceps and biceps muscle volume improvement in relation to the control group; however, differences were not see between the training groups. Effect size data demonstrated that differences in strength and muscle volume were exhibited based on exercise order. Both training groups demonstrated greater strength improvements than the control group, but only bench press strength increased to a greater magnitude in the LG-SM group (ES = 1.74 ) as compared to the SM-LG (ES = 0.90). In all other strength measures (LP, TE, and BC), the SM-LG group showed larger effect sizes. Triceps MV increased greater in the SM-LG group; however, biceps MV did not differ significantly between the training groups. In conclusion, if an exercise is important for the training goals of a program, then it should be placed at the beginning of the training session, whether or not it is a large or a small muscle group exercise. In this approach, the immediate need of the client receives greater emphasis in program design than the traditional large to small muscle exercise sequence. Because weaknesses in smaller supportive muscles can limit the performance of more complex exercises, increased focus on those smaller muscles (if they are found to be a limiting factor) early in an exercise session would be expected to have a positive impact on the performance of complex exercises over time.

Efeitos de diferentes doses de suplementação de creatina sobre a composição corporal e força máxima dinâmica

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of creatine supplementation and periodized strength training on body composition, and maximal dynamic strength during 8 weeks. 27 men were selected, divided into three groups: placebo, creatine loading supplementation and low-dose creatine supplementation groups. The training was composed by three weekly sessions. Body mass (kg), fat-free mass (kg), fat mass (kg) body fat percentage (%), and maximal dynamic strength in bench press, squat, lat pulldown, leg curl, barbell arm curl, seated calf raises, military press, and triceps pulley were measured. There was an percentage increases in body mass and lean body mass for all groups, but no difference between groups. Significant increase in maximal strength in back lat pull down, arm curl and triceps pushdown was observed, without differences between groups. These data suggest the both modes of creatine supplementation associated with strength training promote positive adaptations in body composition and maximal dynamic strength.

Muscle Activation Pattern Is Similar Between The Pull-up And Lat-pull Exercise

The lat pull-down (LP) exercise is commonly viewed as a corollary exercise to the pull-up (PU) and used to develop PU work capacity. Interestingly, neither 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) nor repetitions-to-failure (RTF; 60% of 1-RM) LP performance correlates with pull-up performance (Chandler et al., 2001). PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between and muscle activation pattern of LP and PU performance. METHODS: On two separate days, male subjects (n=9; age: 20.3 ± 0.7 yrs; height: 177.7 ± 6.7 cm; mass: 78.3 ± 7.3 kg) performed a PU RTF test, a LP 1-RM test, and a LP RTF test at 60% of the LP 1-RM; pronated grip with controlled hand spacing. Surface EMG was collected during the first repetition of each exercise from the latissimus dorsi (LD), pectoralis major (PM), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), anterior deltoid (AD), and posterior deltoid (PD) muscle groups. The concentric phases of the EMG signals were integrated (iEMG) and normalized to EMG activity during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (iEMGMVC) performed at the mid-range of each exercise. RESULTS: The range of motion (ROM) was similar between LP (144 ± 15°) and PU (132 ± 20°). There was a weak, negative relationship between 1-RM LP (81.1 ± 14.3 kg) and LP RTF (r=-0.44). PU performance (14.8 ± 5.6 reps; body mass 96% of 1-RM LP) was negatively correlated with 1-RM LP (81.1 ± 14.3 kg; r=-0.53) but not LP RTF (27.1 ± 6.4 reps; r=-0.06). However, work capacity (reps × load) was similar between PU RTF (1135 ± 360 kg reps) and LP RTF (1297 ± 6.4 kg reps). There was a progressive increase in iEMG/EMGMVC in PM, TB, LD, and PD throughout the concentric ROM in both PU and LP. iEMG/EMGMVC of PM, TB, AD, and PD was greater during PU than LP reflecting the greater load associated with PU (96% of 1-RM LP) as opposed to 60% of 1-RM. Interestingly LD muscle activity was not different between exercises. CONCLUSION: Muscle activation pattern is similar in PU and LP; however the magnitude of the activation is greater during PU reflecting differences in load. Differences in performance of the PU and LP appear unrelated to the initial pattern of muscle activation. Supported in part by PEO Soldier Grant #AHS 1131

Perceived Exertion During Acute Resistance Exercise Performed At Self-selected And Imposed Loads In Trained Women

Previous research has demonstrated that untrained women report significantly lower ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during self-selected (SS) load bouts of acute resistance exercise (RE) when compared to sessions performed using typically imposed RE loads. However, the extent to which RPE responses differ between SS and imposed-load bouts of acute RE among trained women remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine RPE responses to self-selected and imposed-load bouts of acute RE in a sample of trained women. METHODS: Twenty-one (M age = 23 years) recreationally-trained women completed acute bouts of RE using loads of 40% of one repetition maximum (1RM), 70% of 1RM, and a self-selected (SS) load. RE consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions for each of the leg extension (LE), leg curl (LC), lat pull-down (LPD), and chest press (CP) exercises. Assessments of RPE were obtained immediately after each set during the 3 RE conditions. RESULTS: Results of separate 3 (Condition) × 3 (Set) repeated measures ANOVAs yielded significant main effects for Condition (p < 0.01) and Set (p < 0.01) for each exercise and significant Condition × Set interactions (p < 0.05) for both the LPD and CP exercises. Post-hoc analyses revealed that RPE increased from Set 1 to Set 3 for the CP and LPD exercises in both the 70% 1RM and SS conditions but did not increase across sets in the 40% condition. RPE were also found to be significantly higher in the 70% condition relative to the SS or 40% conditions and RPE reported during SS condition were higher when compared to the 40% condition for all exercises. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that RPE reported during SS bouts of RE differ significantly from RPE observed during imposed-load bouts of RE. Although evidence addressing RPE responses to acute RE remains limited, effort sense experienced during acute RE may serve as a salient determinant of the adoption and maintenance of regular RE behavior. Accordingly, the differences in RPE during acute RE observed in the present investigation may have valuable practical implications for the prescription of RE participation.

Effects of Partner's Improvisational Resistance Training on Dancers' Muscular Strength

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of Partner's Improvisational Resistance Training (PIRT) on muscular strength, body circumference, and body fat percentage in 10 female college-age dancers in comparison with 8 female dancers in a control group. The PIRT program, based on the concepts of manual resistance training, is the application of contact improvisation in a systematic strength development program, which proposes a way of contextualizing muscular strength development within the dance class. The program lasted 8 weeks, meeting 3 times weekly for 60-minute sessions. The muscular strength pre- and posttests included 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for leg extension, leg flexion, leg press, bench press, lat pulldown, back extension, and modified sit-up. Hydrostatic weighing for body composition and circumference measures on the waist, hip, shoulder, upper arm, and thigh were made pre- and posttest analyses. There were no significant pretest differences between the groups for age, height, body weight, body fat percentage, any of the circumference measures, or 5 of the 7 muscular strength measures. At posttest, neither group showed significant changes in total body weight, body fat percentage, or lean body weight. The experimental group showed significant decrements in the waist and hip circumference measures, and all other body circumference changes were nonsignificant. The experimental group showed significant changes from pretest to posttest for all seven 1RM strength measures and greater absolute and relative strength improvements in 5 measures compared with the control group. Thus, the 8-week PIRT program for female dancers was found effective in improving overall muscular strength and decreasing circumference in the waist-hip region, but it did not elicit significant changes in body composition.

AGE AND SEX DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECT REGIONAL CHANGES IN ONE REPETITION MAXIMUM STRENGTH

To assess the influences of age and sex on regional changes in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength, 10 young men (20–30 years), 8 young women (20–30 years), 11 older men (65–75 years), and 10 older women (65–75 years) were studied before and after a 24-week whole-body strength training program. Changes in 1RM strength were analyzed for each individual exercise, as well as by calculating a total body score (TBS), an upper body score (UBS), and a lower body score (LBS). The effect of age and sex on changes in 1RM strength was analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. When changes in strength for individual exercises were analyzed, the chest press, lat pulldown, shoulder press, and triceps pushdown were affected by both age (p > 0.05) and sex (p > 0.05), while the biceps curls were only influenced by age (p > 0.05). For the lower body, the leg press changes in 1RM strength were influenced by age (p > 0.0001), while leg extension was influenced by sex (p > 0.05). Total body score, UBS, and LBS showed significant increases with 24 weeks of ST (p > 0.001, all). Changes in TBS and UBS were affected by age (p > 0.001, both) and sex (p > 0.05 and p > 0.001, respectively). Younger subjects showed a greater increase in strength than older subjects, and men showed a greater increase in strength compared with women. Changes in LBS were affected by age (p > 0.001), with younger subjects showing a greater increase in strength compared with the older subjects, but not by sex (p = 0.464). These data indicate that regional increases in strength are differentially affected by age and sex.

Utilização da percepção subjectiva do esforço para Monitorização da Intensidade do Treino de Força em Idosos

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a valid and reliable method in monitoring intensities during aerobic training. However its validity and reliability is not clear in the classification of resistance training intensity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of RPE scale in monitoring the resistance training session in elderly. Seventeen subjects (66,6 ± 2,7 years) completed an experimental trial at three intensities: 50%, 70% and 90% of a maximal repetition determined by the repetitions coefficients method (1-RMcr). Two sessions, of each intensity, were completed of the following exercises: Seated Chest Press, Leg Press, Lat PullDown, Triceps Extension e Biceps Curl. The Borg Scale was used to evaluate the RPE at the end of each set, and 30 minutes following each exercise session (RPEpt). The Wilcoxon (p≤0.05) test showed significant difference not only between the average RPE of each intensity, but also in the concerning RPEpt intensity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for RPEpt was 0,70. The results of our study allow us to conclude that RPE is a valid and reliable method in monitoring the resistance training session in elderly.

Utilização da percepção subjectiva do esforço para monitorização da intensidade do treino de força em idosos

The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a valid and reliable method in monitoring intensities during aerobic training. However its validity and reliability is not clear in the classification of resistance training intensity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of RPE scale in monitoring the resistance training session in elderly. Seventeen subjects (66,6 ± 2,7 years) completed an experimental trial at three intensities: 50%, 70% and 90% of a maximal repetition determined by the repetitions coefficients method (1-RMcr). Two sessions, of each intensity, were completed of the following exercises: Seated Chest Press, Leg Press, Lat PullDown, Triceps Extension e Biceps Curl. The Borg Scale was used to evaluate the RPE at the end of each set, and 30 minutes following each exercise session (RPEpt). The Wilcoxon ( p ≤0.05) test showed significant difference not only between the average RPE of each intensity, but also in the concerning RPEpt intensity. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for RPEpt was 0,70. The results of our study allow us to conclude that RPE is a valid and reliable method in monitoring the resistance training session in elderly.

Long Term Strength Training Improves Grip Strength and Pain in Older Adults with Hand Osteoarthritis

Hand osteoarthritis (HOA) is common in older adults. It often results in pain, joint deformities, reduced grip and pinch strength, and functional impairments. Few interventional exercise studies have been conducted in this area. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of 24 months of whole body strength training, including a gripper exercise, on grip strength, pain, and function in adults with HOA. METHODS: In a group with radiographic HOA participating in a strength training study, self-reported hand function (AIMS2), hand pain (0-10 analog scale), maximum isometric grip strength, and weight used during a plate loaded isotonic gripper exercise were recorded. Position 3 on the grip dynamometer was used for isometric testing. Participants (N = 55; 71.5 + 6.5 years; 80% female) completed an institute based whole body strength training regimen with a fitness trainer three times per week, performing three sets of 10 to 15 repetitions at near maximal effort. Upper extremity exercises, performed on weight stack machines, included seated chest press, lat pulldown, biceps curl, triceps push-down, seated row, and shoulder press. A brief aerobic warm-up and cool-down bracketed each training session. A subgroup (n = 29) of participants with complete maximum isometric grip strength data was also analyzed, along with a further subgroup with symptomatic HOA (n = 13), denned as baseline hand pain of 3 or higher. RESULTS: Bilateral 15-repetition gripper exercise weight improved 1.94 kg (p < 0.0003) between baseline and 24 months. Right isometric grip improved 3.62 kg (p < 0.0015) and left 2.95 kg (p < 0.0005) at follow-up in the sub-group. In the symptomatic HOA sub-group, hand pain was reduced from 4.77 to 2.62 (p < 0.0056). There were no significant differences in AIMS2 hand function scores for either the whole group or the symptomatic sub-group at follow-up. However, mean scores showed little hand dysfunction at baseline, creating a floor effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that long term strength training which includes a dynamic gripper exercise improves static and dynamic grip strength in older persons with radiographic hand OA, and reduces pain in persons with symptomatic hand OA.

Does Strength Training in Machines Improve Strength and Power in Functional Tasks Among Elderly?

PURPOSE: To determine whether high power machine strength training improves strength and power in functional strength tasks among elderly subjects >65 years. METHODS: 33 healthy, high functioning elderly subjects (18 male, 15 female) were randomized to a high power machine strength training group (HPMSG, n=23, 69+4 yr) or a non-training control group (CON, n=1 0, 69+4 yr). HPMSG and CON performed the following tests: Functional strength tests; 30s Chair stand, Modified PILE-test (Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation), Stair Sprint test. Traditional strength tests; 45 degree Leg press machine and Bench press in Smith machine (TechnoGym™). Force and power data were collected using force platform (Chair stand), linear encoder (PILE lift and leg press), and photocell based timing equipment (stair sprint). HPMSG trained 2x.wk-1, 3 sets (60, 80, 80% of weekly adjusted 1RM) x 8 reps for 11 weeks in 5 machine based exercises (leg press, seated row, lat pulldown, shoulder press, bench press). Subjects were instructed to perform each repetition at maximal effort. RESULTS: HPMSG improved bilateral leg press max force (Mean+SE) 20+5% (CON 4+3%, p=0.04), 30- sec Chair Sit-to-Stand power 14.5+5% (CON -4.1+5%, p=0.06) and Modified PILE lifting power 19.2+4% (CON 3.3+5%, p=0.01). However average power output during a 6-step stair sprinting task with 0, 10, or 20 kg external loads was not significantly improved after high power strength training (8.4 + 2 vs. 6.4+2%, p=0.64). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that supervised “high power” machine strength training at 80% 1RM with maximal intended velocity significantly improves functional strength and power in bilateral activities such as rapid chair standing and box lifting from the floor. However, power gains were not transferred to the unilateral task of rapid stair climbing.

Validation of the SenseWear Pro Armband™ to Estimate Energy Expenditure During Resistance Training

Resistance exercise is emerging as an important activity that can have a positive impact on health-related outcomes. However, to thoroughly understand the contribution of resistance exercise to disease status it is important to accurately assess participation in this form of physical activity outside of a laboratory setting. PURPOSE: To examine the validity of the SenseWear Pro ArmbandTM (Body Media, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA) to estimate energy expenditure during resistance training. METHODS: Sixteen subjects (age = 24 + 3.2 years, BMI = 26.17 + 3.6 kg/m2) performed a 20 minute resistance training circuit consisting of six different exercises that included bench press, lat pulldown, bicep curl, tricep extension, leg curl, and leg extension. Resistance was set at 60% of one maximal repetition, two sets of each exercise were performed, with each exercise performed until muscular exhaustion. There was a one-minute rest period between each set. The SenseWear Pro ArmbandTM was worn on the posterior aspect of the right upper arm at the mid-point of the triceps. Estimated energy expenditure was compared to indirect calorimetry (VIASYS, Oxycon Mobile), which served as the criterion measure. RESULTS: Energy expenditure during 20 minutes of resistance training measured with indirect calorimetry was 97.0 + 39.3 kcal compared to 85.0 + 28.6 kcal estimated from the SenseWear Pro ArmbandTM (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between energy expenditure measured from indirect calorimetry and the SenseWear Pro ArmbandTM (r = 0.95, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the SenseWear Pro ArmbandTM underestimates energy expenditure during resistance exercise. This may be a result of the prediction algorithms not initially being developed to detect energy expenditure during this form of exercise. However, the significant correlation provides initial evidence that the SenseWear Pro ArmbandTM can differentiate energy expenditure from resistance exercise between individuals. Therefore, further refinement of this technology may provide a method of measuring energy expenditure from resistance exercise performed in free-living individuals.

Age and Sex Differentially Affect Regional Changes in One Repetition Maximum Strength

To assess the influences of age and sex on regional changes in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength, 10 young men (20-30 years), 8 young women (20-30 years), 11 older men (65- 75 years), and 10 older women (65-75 years) were studied before and after a 24-week whole-body strength training program. Changes in 1RM strength were analyzed for each individual exercise, as well as by calculating a total body score (TBS), an upper body score (UBS), and a lower body score (LBS). The effect of age and sex on changes in 1RM strength was analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. When changes in strength for individual exercises were analyzed, the chest press, lat pulldown, shoulder press, and triceps pushdown were affected by both age (p < 0.05) and sex (p < 0.05), while the biceps curls were only influenced by age (p < 0.05). For the lower body, the leg press changes in 1RM strength were influenced by age (p < 0.0001), while leg extension was influenced by sex (p < 0.05). Total body score, UBS, and LBS showed significant increases with 24 weeks of ST (p < 0.001, all). Changes in TBS and UBS were affected by age (p < 0.001, both) and sex (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Younger subjects showed a greater increase in strength than older subjects, and men showed a greater increase in strength compared with women. Changes in LBS were affected by age (p < 0.001), with younger subjects showing a greater increase in strength compared with the older subjects, but not by sex (p = 0.464). These data indicate that regional increases in strength are differentially affected by age and sex.

One Repetition Maximum Test Reliability In The Lat Pulldown

The one repetition test (1RM) is used in many researches about resistance training effects and variables. However, the test reliability was little assessed and presents great importance to research planning and results analysis. PURPOSE To asses the test reliability at the lat pull down exercise in men and women. METHODS Healthful and active men (n = 26, 25 ± 3 years, 177 ± 5.3 cm, 76.8 ± 9.86 kg, 12,5 ± 4,25 % body fat) and women (n = 17, 27 ± 5 years, 160 ± 5.7 cm, 54.6 ± 6.76 kg, 21.1 ± 4.08 % body fat) volunteered to the study, signing an informed consent prior to the realization of the testes. The data were collected in two visits, separated by 48–72 hours. In the first visit, anthropometric data were collected and a progressive 1RM test was realized. After each successful attempt, five kilos were added to the load, until a fail occurs. Them, load was decreased by three kilos and a new attempt was done. It was respected a five minutes rest between the attempts. In the second visit, the 1RM procedure was repeated. Since there was no statistical difference between men and women between-days error, both values were combined. The limits of agreement technique was used to asses random errors and paired t test to asses systematic errors. RESULTS The maximum loads were 97.5 ± 14.1 kg and 100.6 ± 14.46 kg to men and 42.5 ± 5.83 kg and 44.8 ± 6.9 kg to women, first and second day (P = 0.228). The loads combined were 75.7 ± 29.48 kg and 78.5 ± 30.08 kg, first and second day. There was between-days statistical difference (P<0.0001), with a 95% confidence interval to random errors varying between −2.4 to 7.9 kg. CONCLUSIONS It was observed a systematic between-days bias, with a tendency to increased loads in the second day. The results presented here must be considered when planning and analyzing resistance training results where 1RM tests were used to asses effects in strength.

Trained Vs Untrained Hr And Bp Responses To High Intensity Resistance Exercise

Recently, high intensity (80% of 1 RM) resistance exercise (RE), in particular, has been shown to elicit post exercise hypotension (PEH) in normotensive individuals during separate upper and lower body training sessions (Simoes et al., 2004). It remains unclear whether PEH occurs in resistance trained (T) and untrained (UT) normotensive. PURPOSE To examine heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) response during and after combined upper and lower body RE in resistance trained (continuous training for at least 6 weeks) and untrained (UT) normotensives. METHODS After 1 RM determination for bench press (BPr), leg press (LP), shoulder press, biceps curl, triceps pushdown (TP), lat pulldown, and leg curl (LC), ten T and ten UT college aged volunteers performed two sets of 8 to 10 RM at 75% of 1RM for each exercise in the above order. Two minutes rest was given between sets and different exercises with HR and BP recorded after the second set for upper body (BPr), lower body (LP) and the smaller accessory muscle groups (TP and LC). HR and BP were also recorded in the seated position at 10-minute intervals during recovery for 1 hour. RESULTS Trained subjects had a significantly (p<.05) greater 1 RM compared to UT for each of the exercises with the greatest differences in the lower extremity (LP: 538.6 ± 154.3 vs. 400.1 ± 78.4 lb) and the smallest difference in the triceps (TP: 104.5 ± 26.1 vs. 80.5 ± 16.4 lb). HR responses were not significantly (p>.05) different between UT and T groups for any of the measurement times. The highest HR occurred following LP in UT (159 ±11.1 bpm) and TP (161.2 ± 10.9 bpm) in the T. HR response for LP in T was 158 ± 16.6 bpm. Systolic BP was not significantly (p>.05) different for any of the measurement times between groups although within groups it was significantly (p<.05) different in response to the exercises (LP vs. LC for T: 142 ± 19.6 vs 117.2 ± 15.8 mmHg; LP vs. BP for UT: 145 ± 15.8 vs. 131.2 ± 10.8 mmHg). PEH was evident in both UT (mean ± SD =22 ± 6.6 mmHg drop in SBP from rest, n=7) and T (mean ± SD =24 ± 9.5 mmHg drop from rest, n=4). CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, PEH appears more common in UT than trained but still occurs in the trained. We speculate that short rest periods repeated over the course of a resistance training program contribute to PEH due to compromised vasoregulation.

One Repetition Maximum Test Reliability In The Lat Pulldown

One Repetition Maximum Test Reliability In The Lat Pulldown

INFLUENCE OF EXERCISE ORDER ON THE NUMBER OF REPETITIONS PERFORMED AND PERCEIVED EXERTION DURING RESISTANCE EXERCISES

This study examined the performance effects of exercise order during a resistance-training session composed of only upper-body exercises. The 10 repetition maxmimum of 14 men and 4 women with at least 6 months of previous weight-training experience was determined for 5 upper-body exercises. Each subject then completed 2 training sessions separated by 48 hours in a counterbalanced crossover design. One session began with exercises of the large-muscle group and progressed to exercises of the small-muscle group (sequence A), whereas the other session was performed with the opposite exercise sequence (sequence B). The exercise order for sequence A was free-weight bench press (BP), machine lat pull-down (LPD), seated machine shoulder press (SP), standing free-weight biceps curl (BC) with a straight bar, and seated machine triceps extension (TE). The exercise order for sequence B was TE, BC, SP, LPD, and BP. During both sequences, 3 sets of each exercise were performed to concentric failure, with 2-minute recovery intervals between sets and exercises. Performing exercises of both the large- and the small-muscle groups at the end of an exercise sequence resulted in significantly fewer repetitions in the 3 sets of an exercise. This decrease in the number of repetitions performed was especially apparent in the third set when an exercise was performed last in an exercise sequence.

Influence of Exercise Order on the Number of Repetitions Performed and Perceived Exertion During Resistance Exercises

This study examined the performance effects of exercise order during a resistance-training session composed of only upper-body exercises. The 10 repetition maximum of 14 men and 4 women with at least 6 months of previous weight-training experience was determined for 5 upper-body exercises. Each subject then completed 2 training sessions separated by 48 hours in a counterbalanced crossover design. One session began with exercises of the large-muscle group and progressed to exercises of the small-muscle group (sequence A), whereas the other session was performed with the opposite exercise sequence (sequence B). The exercise order for sequence A was free-weight bench press (BP), machine lat pull-down (LPD), seated machine shoulder press (SP), standing free-weight biceps curl (BC) with a straight bar, and seated machine triceps extension (TE). The exercise order for sequence B was TE, BC, SP, LPD, and BP. During both sequences, 3 sets of each exercise were performed to concentric failure, with 2-minute recovery intervals between sets and exercises. Performing exercises of both the large- and the small-muscle groups at the end of an exercise sequence resulted in significantly fewer repetitions in the 3 sets of an exercise. This decrease in the number of repetitions performed was especially apparent in the third set when an exercise was performed last in an exercise sequence.