AbstractSpectroscopic and laser properties of Nd3+ doped potassium borate glass have been studied for different Nd3+ concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 mol%. From the absorption spectra, optical band gaps (Eopt) and various spectroscopic parameters (E1, E2, E3, ξ4f and α) are determined. Using Judd‐Ofelt intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6, radiative lifetimes (τR), branching ratios (β) and integrated absorption cross sections (Σ) have been calculated for certain excited states of Nd3+ for all the Nd3+ concentrations. From the spectral profiles of the hypersensitive transition, it is observed that there is slight change in the environment of Nd3+ ion in different concentrations of Nd3+ doped potassium borate glass. The radiative lifetimes (τR) for certain excited levels are minimum when the concentration is high. From the emission spectra, peak wavelengths (λp), effective line widths (Δλeff) and stimulated emission cross‐sections (σp) have been obtained for the three transitions 4F3/2 → 4I9/2, 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 of Nd3+ and are compared for different concentrations.