An enumeration is made of the diverse procedures that can be used for the transfer to film of video images coming from diverse original sources. The difficulties of kinescope recording, such as the need for very fast pull-down and shutter-closed periods and the shortcomings of recordings from a single shadow-mask color tube or from triplets of filtered monochrome tubes are briefly mentioned. The basics of direct electron-beam recording on film in a vacuum, as devised by the 3M Company, are succinctly described. Also described are the principles of laser-beam recording on film, a concept developed by CBS. The difficulties arising from the different frame rates established by European and US television standards and from the further different frame-rate standard for motion-picture film are analyzed and exemplified. A new approach to video-to-film transfer is then proposed, namely, the use of the videodisk as a source for this purpose. Greater flexibility is achieved, as the videodisk may be scanned in a number of free-style modes (freeze frame, jump, reverse, etc.), thus permitting easy matching of frame rates, shutter-closed times, and frame suppression where needed. It is concluded that the mechanical complications inherent to tape-to-film transfer are greatly reduced when using the videodisk as a source.
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