Laser Ablation Inductively-coupled Mass Spectrometry Research Articles

Strategies for the analysis of coal by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy

The potential of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was investigated for the inorganic characterization of different coal samples pressed into pellets. Reference analysis was performed by microwave-assisted digestion of the ground samples followed by ICP-MS analysis of the resulting solutions. Two different laser ablation sampling procedures were compared. For continuous sampling, three sites of the pellet were sampled for approximately one minute, whereas for sequential sampling 15 sites were sampled for two seconds, respectively. The qualitative results of the two procedures were equivalent, but continuous sampling allowed faster analysis and better precision (RSD about 10%) than sequential sampling (RSD 10-20%). Different normalization procedures with internal and extrinsic standards were investigated and allowed a quantitative determination of Al, Ti, Zn, Ni, and V with measurement uncertainties below 10% and Fe, Si, and Sn with measurement uncertainties below 20%.

Comparison of laser ablation ICP-MS and isotope dilution REE analyses — implications for Sm–Nd garnet geochronology

High-precision garnet chronometry using the Sm–Nd, U–Pb, Rb–Sr or Lu–Hf isotope systems is gaining widespread application for constraining the prograde and high-temperature history of metamorphic belts. However, due to the low concentrations of the chronometrically important elements, garnet analyses are often susceptible to incorporation of small quantities of accessory phases such as zircon, monazite and allanite. Here we assess the extent to which such inclusions affect garnet analyses by comparing in situ analyses of Sm and Nd concentrations in the crystal lattice, obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), with those obtained by isotope dilution (ID) on separates of the same garnets. The results show that the garnets studied here are largely free from inclusions. In general, however, the low concentrations of Sm and Nd in the garnet lattice mean that the incorporation of even very small quantities of accessory phases will result in a significant change in the measured garnet Sm and Nd concentration. Simple modelling of the effect of such inclusions on age information shows that garnet inclusion disequilibrium and the extent to which inclusions decrease the apparent parent–daughter ratio are critical. Such modelling demonstrates that the incorporation of old LREE-enriched minerals such as monazite will yield an apparently lower age than the true garnet age. However, this study indicates that erroneous age information can be identified if duplicate garnet analyses are performed. In addition, LA-ICP-MS is shown to be a useful technique in verifying the purity of samples for isotope analysis.

Application of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the determination of major, minor, and trace elements in bark samples

The large surface area of barks from many tree species enables the effective accumulation of pollutants. Therefore, the analysis of bark material will provide useful information about the degree of pollution of a certain region. The determination of main, minor, and trace elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Pb, S, Ti and Zn) in bark was performed with an Nd:YAG laser coupled to an ICP-MS system. Bark standards for the calibration by laser ablation ICP-MS were prepared from different bark layers which differ for some relevant elements in concentrations. Four digestion procedures for the decomposition of the standard pellets, the numbers of laser shots per sample and of samples per region necessary have been investigated. Representative results were obtained for 5 or more samples taken from different individuals of one species of a sampling area and the averaged element concentrations of 10 separately placed laser shots for each sample. Laser ablation ICP-MS was applied for the characterization of real bark samples from different regions with high and low pollution burden. It was shown that the method is well suited to characterize different degrees of environmental impact. Anthropogenic sources were responsible for the higher concentrations of most of the elements under investigation.