Human Larva Research Articles

Clinical observation of wild animals near the CRAS lake (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) submitted to homeopathic treatment by a slow dispersion device: a possible indication of environmental balance.

Abstract The environmental imbalance in all its parts (land, plant, animal, man) is one of the most significant challenges of modern times due to the difficulty of a comprehensive, effective, and non-aggressive corrective approach. Due to its biophysical qualities, water seems able to propagate physicochemical signals capable of producing effects on living systems, as recently demonstrated by the method of solvatochromic dyes. For this reason, a slow dispersion device containing a solid base soaked in a homeopathic ingredient was developed to treat animals living in defined ecosystems. This work aimed to evaluate the behavior and clinical status of tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) that inhabit the neighborhood of a lake subjected to the device's action as indicators of a possible balance of the entire system. The area under study was CRAS (Center for the Recovery of Wild Animals), inserted in an urban forest in Campo Grande - MS, Brazil. The anamnesis carried out with the park managers revealed the occurrence of attacks and mutilations among the animals due to stress and the vast infestation of ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) in wild mammals and their larvae in humans that visited the trails, which caused the closure of the park for school excursions given the risk of spreading zoonoses. The device contained a solid base of hydrocolloid and calcium carbonate soaked in a homeopathic formulation containing Chamomilla 12 cH, Artemisia absinthium 12 cH, Calcarea carbonica 30 cH, Psorinum 12 cH, Sulphur 12 cH, Artemisia lerchiana 12 cH, and Apis mellifica 12 cH, indicated for the treatment of animals whose signs of stress are an increase in ectoparasites and misbehavior. The devices were installed at three points: at the source, 500 meters away from the lake, at the watercourse, 200 meters from the lake, and at the lake itself on 10/08/2021, repeating the placement on 12/10/2021. The animals observed were four tapirs and three capybaras. Fifteen days after the date of the 1st placement of the devices, the manifestation of natural animal behavior was observed, such as teaching puppies to swim, indicating well-being. Twenty days after installation, a gradual decrease in teleogynes (adult forms) and larvae was observed, with the disappearance of ticks in all animals after six months of the device installation without chemical intervention to control the parasites. Park employees who frequent the trails and surroundings report that they have not suffered any more attacks from larvae (so-called “micuins”), even in times of greater occurrence, such as the dry seasons. Thus, it is suggested that installing slow dispersion devices in natural springs, dams, and lakes could be used as a resource for ecological balance, and the clinical observation of resident animals could be a possible indicator of environmental recovery. More studies using this approach are needed to consolidate these findings. Keywords: Homeopathic complexes, ecosystems, environmental homeopathy.

Hringormar í fólki á Íslandi árin 2004-2020

During 2004-2020 in total 18 anisakid larvae (Nematoda) were sent in to the Laboratory of Parasitology at Keldur for investigation and species identification. Fourteen had temporarily lived within the human body and were alive when detected, three were noticed alive in food just before being consumed, one larva was found dead. Pseudoterranova decipiens was found í 16 instances (89%), Anisakis simplex in two (11%). The one Anisakis case was a wriggling larva detected in the diaper of a baby that was believed to have ingested the larva with undercooked fish three days earlier in the kindergarten. In the other case a dead larva was found entangled in fish chew, spit out by a baby being fed with boiled haddock. Pseudoterranova larvae in humans (n=13) were most frequently detected in the mouth (11 persons). In one instance winding movements of larva in vomit of a baby attracted the attention of the mother, in another case a person detected tickling movements of a larva when cleaning the anal area after defecation. Length of the 13 Pseudoterranova larvae varied between 30 and 47 mm. They were believed to have lived in their hosts from one up to nine days. Nine larvae had already developed to the L4, stage, four were still in the L3 stage. Cod was the most frequently mentioned source of infection (5 of 14 cases), two persons regarded catfish to be the culprit, one named both fish species. In one case either sushi or plaice was believed to be the infection source, one person presumably got the larva participating in a sushi feast. In four cases the fish source remained unknown. Most often the larva was consumed in private homes, three persons believed to have gotten the larva when dining in a restaurant, a harbour worker got the worm when eating raw fish and the same baby got a larva on two different occasions in the kindergarten.

Human Pseudoterranova and Anisakis cases in Iceland 2004-2020

During 2004-2020 in total 18 anisakid larvae (Nematoda) were sent in to the Laboratory of Parasitology at Keldur for investigation and species identification. Fourteen had temporarily lived within the human body and were alive when detected, three were noticed alive in food just before being consumed, one larva was found dead. Pseudoterranova decipiens was found í 16 instances (89%), Anisakis simplex in two (11%). The one Anisakis case was a wriggling larva detected in the diaper of a baby that was believed to have ingested the larva with undercooked fish three days earlier in the kindergarten. In the other case a dead larva was found entangled in fish chew, spit out by a baby being fed with boiled haddock. Pseudoterranova larvae in humans (n=13) were most frequently detected in the mouth (11 persons). In one instance winding movements of larva in vomit of a baby attracted the attention of the mother, in another case a person detected tickling movements of a larva when cleaning the anal area after defecation. Length of the 13 Pseudoterranova larvae varied between 30 and 47 mm. They were believed to have lived in their hosts from one up to nine days. Nine larvae had already developed to the L4, stage, four were still in the L3 stage. Cod was the most frequently mentioned source of infection (5 of 14 cases), two persons regarded catfish to be the culprit, one named both fish species. In one case either sushi or plaice was believed to be the infection source, one person presumably got the larva participating in a sushi feast. In four cases the fish source remained unknown. Most often the larva was consumed in private homes, three persons believed to have gotten the larva when dining in a restaurant, a harbour worker got the worm when eating raw fish and the same baby got a larva on two different occasions in the kindergarten.

Vaginal Correction of Genital Prolapse Treated for Myiasis

Myiasis is a parasitic infection caused by fly larvae in humans [1]. It rarely occurs in the urinary tract [2], although it has been detected in individuals with poor hygiene, those with psychiatric disorders, and those living in rural areas of tropical and subtropical regions. A 77-year-old, gesta 2 para 2 woman presented to the emergency room of our gynecology division with genital itching and bleeding and a fever that commenced 2 weeks ago. She observed a bulge from a pelvic organ prolapse (POP) 5 years ago but did not seek treatment; this symptom progressed into a foul-smelling discharge from the protrusion.

Pararamosis: Disease of the Rubber Plantations.

Pararamosis is a medical condition, described in the latex extracting areas of the Amazon (rubber tree regions), resulting from contact with the caterpillar of the Premolis semirufa moth. The disease can present itself in an acute form-similarly to other erucisms (injuries caused by moth larvae in humans)-or in a chronic form, typically characterized by the occurrence of changes in the joints of the hands. Because of its importance, in the context of tropical diseases, the objective of this article was to review the main facets of the disease, emphasizing the different pathogenic aspects of the interaction between the arthropod and man.

Detection of Pb, Ba, and Sb in Cadaveric Maggots and Pupae by ICP‐MS*

The concentrations of lead (Pb), barium (Ba), and antimony (Sb), characteristic of GSR, were determined in soil sediments and immature (larvae) of cadaveric flies of the family Calliphoridae, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This research refers to a case study from two real crime scenes in which the corpses were in an advanced state of decomposition. In case 1, the victim had holes similar to gunshot wounds, and in case 2, there was no evidence of perforations in the corpse. Soil sediment collection was performed at three different points of the terrain, at a minimum distance of 10m from the corpse, for cases 1 and 2. In relation to the collection of immatures, larvae were collected in regions of the mouth, nose, and orifices similar to the entry of firearms projectile into the body, for case 1, and collection of larvae and pupae, located on the body and underneath it, for case 2. It was possible to detect and quantify the three elements of interest (Pb, Ba, and Sb) by ICP-MS in both sediment and cadaveric larvae. Concentrations of 4.44, 8.74, and 0.08μg/g were obtained for Pb, Ba, and Sb, respectively, in the soil for case 1. For the case 2, the concentrations in Pb, Ba, and Sb were from 16.34 to 26.02μg/g; from 32.64 to 57.97μg/g and from 0.042 to 0.30μg/g, respectively. In the larvae, Pb, Ba, and Sb were quantified in cases 1 and 2 with a concentration of 6.28 and 1.78μg/g for Pb, 1.49 and 2.94μg/g for Ba, 0.50μg/g and <LD for Sb, respectively. These new results present the detection of characteristic elements of GSR in cadaveric larvae in humans in a real crime scene, besides highlighting the importance of the study of immature flies, using the ICP-MS technique in forensic analysis.

In Vivo Treatment with the Combination of Nitazoxanide and Flubendazole Induces Gluconeogenesis and Protein Catabolism in Taenia crassiceps cysticerci.

Cysticercosis is the presence of Taenia solium larvae in humans or swines tissues. It is a public health problem related to bad hygienic habits and consumption of infected pork. T. crassiceps is a widely used cysticercosis experimental model. The combination of two effective drugs such as nitazoxanide (NTZ) and flubendazole (FBZ) may potentialize their effect. The aim of this study was to use biochemical analysis to determine the metabolic impact of the combination of NTZ and FBZ on cysticerci inoculated intraperitoneally in mice. Balb/c mice intraperitoneally infected with T. crassiceps cysticerci received a single oral dose NTZ/FBZ (50mg/kg). 24h after the treatment the cysticerci were removed, frozen and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography regarding the detection of the following metabolic pathways: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, homolactic fermentation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, proteins catabolism and fatty acids oxidation. The treatment with the drugs combination induced a statistically significant increase in gluconeogenesis and in protein catabolism when compared to the control groups. The drugs combination is potentialized and capable of causing greater metabolic stress than the separate treatment with NTZ or FBZ, showing its potential for an alternative cysticercosis treatment.

Sanitary evaluation of fishes fished from the ponds of the Sumy region

Introduction. Fisheries are a traditional industry in Ukraine, started more than 300 years ago. There are more than 1 million hectares of fisheries in the country, including about 200,000 hectares of ponds. The main breeding sites are various carp breeds, white and mottled silver carp, white cupid. Fish and fishery products are important in human nutrition and make up a large part of their diet. In many countries of the world, fish is the main focus of the food industry.&#x0D; The goal of the work. The purpose of our research was to carry out a sanitary evaluation of fish caught from the sums of Sumy region.&#x0D; Materials and methods of research. These studies were conducted under the conditions of the Department of Veterinary Expertise, Microbiology, Zohygiene and Safety and Quality of Livestock Products of Sumy National Agrarian University and in the fisheries of Sumy region.&#x0D; Selection and preparation of fish samples for research were carried out according to GOST 7631-85. For the study used fish from the carp family, which are most common in the fishery farms of Sumy region.&#x0D; Results of research and discussion. When conducting organoleptic studies in sample No. 1, the following indicators were found: mouth closed; eyes clear, pale, convex with transparent cornea; cheeks and jaws pale; gill caps tightly against gills; gills with viscous, clear and transparent mucus, bright red, with a slight odor of fresh fish moisture, mucus in a small amount, viscous and transparent, odorless or with a slight odor of dampness; scaly shiny, clean; fins of lifelong appearance and color, without damage, the back is dense, elastic, the fossa from the pressure of the finger quickly, almost immediately disappears; the anal opening is closed, which corresponds to the indicators of good-quality fish; and in sample No. 2, the mouth is open; eyes sunken, dull, pale pink or pale red, with dull cornea; cheeks and jaws pale pink; gill caps do not fit snugly, move away from gills; on the gills dull mucus, mucus much; scales dim; fins covered with thick turbid mucus, at the base of the fins mucus pink or reddish; the back is soft, the fossa from the pressure of the finger slowly disappears; the anal opening is slightly swollen, pink-red, which indicates the quality of fish of dubious freshness. Meat toxicity determination of all fish species studied was performed using Tetrachymena pyriformis infusions. The absence of inhibitory effect on the survival of the infusions, their growth and behavioral response, the degree of mobility, morphological parameters. This testified to the absence of toxicity of all tested fish meat samples. After 3 hours the infusions were alive and mobile. Also, by determining the level of histamine, we found that it was within normal limits. Thus, the histamine content in sample No. 1 was 20,5 ± 3,1 and in sample No. 2, respectively, 22,4 ± 5,5 mg/kg.&#x0D; Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. In the study of fish samples caught from the sums of Sumy region it was found that by organoleptic and physicochemical indicators, sample No. 1 corresponded to good-quality fresh fish, and by carrying out the study of sample No. 2, the results obtained were characteristic of fish of dubious freshness.&#x0D; &#x0D; The presence of live helminth larvae in humans and animals was not detected in all of the samples of chilled fish we selected for veterinary examination.&#x0D; Microscopy of specimens from specimens No. 1 revealed no microflora; drugs were stained poorly, which is characteristic of fresh fish, and in the preparation of sample No. 2 from the surface layers in one of the fields of view revealed 30-35 diplococci.&#x0D; &#x0D; In the future it is planned to carry out monitoring of the veterinary and sanitary evaluation of fish caught from the Sumy basin.

Cutaneous larva migrans - a case report in amplas community health centre, Medan

Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM) is one of the most helminthic skin infestations, frequently in tropics and subtropics countries, including Southeastern United States, Central, and South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The infected cats and dogs usually defecate in sandpits, seashore, or areas with loose, wet soils where also being the natural environments for the larvae. Human is the dead-end hosts that the filariform larvae in humans are not capable of maturation. The larvae keep moving approximately 2 – 3 cm/day. During its migration, an itchy erythematous. CLM is a self-limiting disease, the spontaneous resolution coming up within a few weeks. But most patients used to receive anti-parasite therapy, such as Albendazole or Ivermectin.

Risk factors and prevalence of toxocariasis in pregnant women and diabetic patients compared to healthy adults in Ilam province, western Iran.

Toxocara is one of the common intestinal nematodes in dogs and cats and is the agent of tissue migratory larvae in humans. Customarily, the prevalence of human toxocariasis hovers around 15.8 % in Iran. Furthermore, other research outcomes demonstrated a tendency for an outbreak of toxocariasis in Iran. Therefore, we carried out a cross-sectional study and assessed the seroprevalence of toxocariasis humans in Ilam Province, western of Iran. A total of 539 serum samples were collected between September 2017 and March 2018 from patients referred to the Health Centers of Ilam province, Iran. Serum samples were investigated for the presence of Toxocara using IgG antibodies, ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit. Risk factors such as contact with cats and dogs, living in rural areas were investigated among the study population. Out of 539 total samples collected, 97 cases (17.99 %) were positive for anti-toxocara IgG antibodies. These antibodies were recovered from serum samples of otherwise healthy adults (15.54 %, 49/296), pregnant women (21.16 %, 40/189) and diabetic patients (14.81 %, 8/54). This study showed significant relationship between toxocariasis and contact with animal pets in all studied groups (P value ≤ 0.05) and a significant relationship between toxocariasis and living in rural areas among pregnant women (P value ≤ 0.05).

Echinococcosis: A Drop of Water???Review on Human Disease, Diagnosis, and Management

Summary Echinococcosis continues to be a serious public healthproblem throughout the world, especially in sheep-herding areas. Diagnosis should be suspected whenthere is a history of living in, or travel to, an endemicarea in the setting of a characteristic imaging study.Treatment should be tailored for each patient giventheir unique risks and benefits, but most should onlyreceive treatment if symptomatic. Through aggressivevaccination, education, and canine medication, oneday echinococcosis may be as out of date as hydatid isfor a “drop of water.”AcknowledgmentsWe thank Andrew Rhymer for the illustrations and James El-lzy for critical review of the manuscript.

Presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in children selected at Hospital Universitário, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.

Visceral Larva Migrans syndrome (VLM) results from the presence or migration of helminth larvae in humans, who nonetheless only play the role of paratenic hosts in the helminths' life cycle. In humans, VLM can be caused by larvae of various nematode species, chiefly those of the ascarid Toxocara canis, which can then be found at a variety of body sites, such as the liver, lungs, heart, and brain. Clinical and pathological manifestations depend primarily on larvae number and location, infection duration, reinfection occurrence, and host's immunological condition. Signs and symptoms may range from asymptomatic infection to severe disease. In humans, infection is acquired through ingestion of T. canis eggs present in soil, containing larvae in the infective stage7, 8, 9. Indeed, eggs of Toxocara sp. have been found in sandboxes in several public places in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state2. This study was carried out to detect the presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in children attending the Pediatrics division of Hospital Universitario of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul at Campo Grande, Brazil. Over the years 1992-94, 454 serum samples, obtained from children of 5.25 ± 3.28 years of mean age and selected at that hospital on the basis of eosinophil count greater than or equal to 1000/mm3 of blood, were tested for the presence of antibodies by means of the ELISA technique employing Toxocara canis larvae excretory-secretory antigens5. A high prevalence rate for toxocariasis (35.55%) was found, which was observed to be associated with eosinophil levels lower than those usually reported in literature. Furthermore, a higher frequency of positive serology among boys was also observed (13 cases in contrast to only 3 among girls), a result also reported by other authors

CUTANEOUS CUTEREBRA MYIASIS&lt;subtitle&gt;An Unusual Case in An Infant&lt;/subtitle&gt;

NEARLY every physician has at one time or another witnessed the contamination of a necrotic lesion by maggots, and in the early part of this century certain species of fly larvae were even employed therapeutically as scavengers. Myiasis is well known in domestic animals as a source of ruined hides, blown meat, and frequently fatal extensions of wounds. Specific parasitism by fly larvae in humans however, is not familiar to many physicians and is relatively uncommon in the United States. Infestation by the strictly American genus Cuterebra has been reported only twice, both instances involving adults. The present case in an infant, therefore, is unique. Since failure to recognize this entity may lead to unwarranted concern, needless morbidity, and perhaps unnecessary or inappropriate therapy, it seems worth while to report the following episode in medical literature. REPORT OF CASE A boy, aged 11 months, in otherwise excellent physical health and