Large Industrial Sector Research Articles

Research on Marketing Cooperation System Based on Multi-Agent Services Aggregation Driven by Requirement

The web service has great significance and value since it represents a large industrial sector and huge trade interests, but the function of a single web service is too small to satisfy the need of service requestor, so it is necessary to combine a mount of simple services to satisfy the complex and dynamic requirement in practice, then the problem of web services composition is one of the research hotspot. This paper generalized the primary interaction processes between enterprise and customer in marketing, encapsulated the special function for marketing works as the agent, and considered the marketing as the cooperation process of agents focusing on requirements, and based on that a multi-agent based marketing cooperation system (MAMCS) is established and the agent ontology is designed according to JADE, finally the negotiation mechanism is built. The method of multi-agent services aggregation driven by requirement supposed in this paper can improve the utilizing effect of service, reduce the difficulty of services composition, and realize the automatic purpose of services composition. Moreover, by combining the merits of agent technique the initiation and intelligence of the services are improved, that safeguard the best interests of the service providers due to they have an option on requirements. Index Terms—Marketing; Multi-Agent; Web Service; Aggregation; System

Supercapacitors Technical Requirements for New Applications

AbstractThe supercapacitors (SCs), also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, are devices with a very high specific power and high capacitance, available for a long period of time with negligible deterioration, that have been historically proposed in small applications (memory back‐up in consumer electronics and storage systems for microsolar power generators) and now are proposed for high power/energy applications, such as hybrid and electric vehicles, power quality systems and smart grids. The advancements in new materials and the rapid growth of more demanding storage systems in a variety of applications have created a lack of universally accepted definitions of these devices and, consequently, a real difficulty in describing developments and progress in the SC field.This paper contains a brief survey of the history of the SC development, which is strongly related to the evolution of the SC technologies, tentatively classified in symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid. A short presentation of key parameters has been given to introduce the description of new applications with large SC devices, covering transport, industrial and electric utility sectors, with some reflections about the foreseen impacts on the future market more than quadrupled in 5 years up to almost $877 million worldwide.

Integrating science and business models of sustainability for environmentally-challenging industries such as secondary lead smelters: A systematic review and analysis of findings

Secondary lead smelters (SLS) represent an environmentally-challenging industry as they deal with toxic substances posing potential threats to both human and environmental health, consequently, they operate under strict government regulations. Such challenges have resulted in the significant reduction of SLS plants in the last three decades. In addition, the domestic recycling of lead has been on a steep decline in the past 10 years as the amount of lead recovered has remained virtually unchanged while consumption has increased. Therefore, one may wonder whether sustainable development can be achieved among SLS. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a roadmap for sustainable development can be established for SLS. The following aims were established in support of the study objective: (1) to conduct a systematic review and an analysis of models of sustainable systems with a particular emphasis on SLS; (2) to document the challenges for the U.S. secondary lead smelting industry; and (3) to explore practices and concepts which act as vehicles for SLS on the road to sustainable development. An evidence-based methodology was adopted to achieve the study objective. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted to implement the aforementioned specific aims. Inclusion criteria were established to filter out irrelevant scientific papers and reports. The relevant articles were closely scrutinized and appraised to extract the required information and data for the possible development of a sustainable roadmap. The search process yielded a number of research articles which were utilized in the systematic review. Two types of models emerged: management/business and science/mathematical models. Although the management/business models explored actions to achieve sustainable growth in the industrial enterprise, science/mathematical models attempted to explain the sustainable behaviors and properties aiming at predominantly ecosystem management. As such, there are major disconnects between the science/mathematical and management/business models in terms of aims and goals. Therefore, there is an urgent need to integrate science and business models of sustainability for the industrial enterprises at large and environmentally-challenging industrial sectors in particular. In this paper, we offered examples of practices and concepts which can be used in charting a path towards sustainable development for secondary lead smelters particularly that the waste generated is much greater outside the industrial enterprise than inside. An environmentally-challenging industry such as secondary lead smelters requires a fresh look to chart a path towards sustainable development (i.e., survivability and purposive needs) for all stakeholders (i.e., industrial enterprise, individual stakeholders, and social/ecological systems). Such a path should deal with issues beyond pollution prevention, product stewardship and clean technologies.

Promotion of SMEs for Sustainable Development

SMEs, as defined by the European Union (EU), comprise the industries, having less than 250 workers. This number is 300 workers having yearly turnover within Tk. 38 million (380 crore) under the Japanese definition. In case of Bangladesh, SMEs are the organisations where less than 60 workers are employed and up to an amount of Tk. 10 million has been invested. There are about 6.0 million SMEs in Bangladesh. So we can easily understand how many people are involved in this sector. This is the single largest industrial sector of the Bangladesh economy.SMEs may become the main foreign currency-earning sector for the country if they get enough nursing with professionalism. The government has established SME Foundation to help further promote the sector. Recently, a very qualified chairman has been recruited for this SME Foundation from the private sector; he is a prominent businessman in the country. But the government has to allow him operational freedom to enable him to execute his planning accordingly and ensure financial assistance to help promote the sector.

Cost–benefit analysis of using sewage sludge as alternative fuel in a cement plant: a case study

To enforce the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol targets, a number of governmental/international institutions have launched emission trade schemes as an approach to specify CO(2) caps and to regulate the emission trade in recent years. These schemes have been basically applied for large industrial sectors, including energy producers and energy-intensive users. Among them, cement plants are included among the big greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. The use of waste as secondary fuel in clinker kilns is currently an intensive practice worldwide. However, people living in the vicinity of cement plants, where alternative fuels are being used, are frequently concerned about the potential increase in health risks. In the present study, a cost-benefit analysis was applied after substituting classical fuel for sewage sludge as an alternative fuel in a clinker kiln in Catalonia, Spain. The economical benefits resulting in the reduction of CO(2) emissions were compared with the changes in human health risks due to exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and carcinogenic metals (As, Cd, Co, and Cr) before and after using sewage sludge to generate 20% of the thermal energy needed for pyro-processing. The exposure to PCDD/Fs and metals through air inhalation, soil ingestion and dermal absorption was calculated according to the environmental levels in soil. The carcinogenic risks were assessed, and the associated cost for the population was estimated by considering the DG Environment's recommended value for preventing a statistical fatality (VPF). In turn, the amount of CO(2) emitted was calculated, and the economical saving, according to the market prices, was evaluated. The use of sewage sludge as a substitute of conventional energy meant a probability cancer decrease of 4.60 for metals and a cancer risk increase of 0.04 for PCDD/Fs. Overall, a net reduction of 4.56 cancers for one million people can be estimated. The associated economical evaluation due to the decreasing cancer for 60,000 people, the current population living near the cement plant, would be of 0.56 million euros (US$ 0.83 million). In turn, a reduction of 144,000 tons of CO(2) emitted between 2003 and 2006 was estimated. Considering a cost of 20 euros per ton of CO(2), the global saving would be 2.88 million euros (US$ 4.26 million). After the partial substitution of the fuel, the current environmental exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs would even mean a potential decrease of health risks for the individuals living in the vicinity of the cement plant. The total benefit of using sewage sludge as an alternative fuel was calculated in 3.44 million euros (US$ 5.09 million). Environmental economics is becoming an interesting research field to convert environmental benefits (i.e., reduction of health risks, emission of pollutants, etc.) into economical value. The results show, that while the use of sewage sludge as secondary fuel is beneficial for the reduction in GHG emissions, no additional health risks for the population derived from PCDD/F and metal emissions are estimated. Cost-benefit analysis seems to be a suitable tool to estimate the environmental damage and benefit associated to industrial processes. Therefore, this should become a generalized practice, mainly for those more impacting sectors such as power industries. On the other hand, the extension of the study could vastly be enlarged by taking into account other potentially emitted GHGs, such as CH(4) and N(2)O, as well as other carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic micropollutants.

New avenues for failure analysis

As evidenced by the presentations at ICEFA-3, failure in electronics equipment has received little attention from the Failure Analysis Community. Electronics is the World’s largest industrial sector, fiercely competitive and facing challenges from environmental demands and continuous miniaturisation. The paper outlines the basic elements in electronic equipment, typical operating conditions, common defects and the likely modes of failure in service. It demonstrates the greater resilience required by solders than most traditional alloys at their peak operating temperatures. With rapidly changing technologies, employment of new alloy systems and dimensions such that properties can no longer be described by bulk measurements, it is contended that the scope for failure and failure analysis is significant and growing.

Validation of Thermal Processing Using Time-Temperature Indicators as Process Probes

1.1 Thermal processing Thermal processing is the basis for the majority of the operations of the food industry, with processes such as canning being the basis for large industry sectors. The aim of thermal processing is to reduce the bacterial load in the food to a level that allows it to be safe over the proposed shelf life of the material. In addition, reactions that lead to the creation of acceptable taste and flavour (such as the gelatinisation of starch, the denaturation of proteins, and Maillard reactions) should be promoted, whilst those which lower quality (such as, for example, the loss of vitamins or the creation of carcinogens such as acrylamide) minimised. The practical problem is that the need for process safety is paramount – the damage done to a brand by the need to recall product, or a food poisoning outbreak, is so severe that processes are routinely overdesigned. The result is lowered product quality, which in turn makes the material less attractive to the consumer. The job of the food engineer is to ensure that the quality of the food is maximised while maintaining safety. In part this is an optimisation process and can be highly mathematical [1-3]; however in practice the critical issue is in validating the process. Such validation requires that there is an effective measurement method which can show the level of thermal treatment which the material has received. In some cases, it is possible to measure the temperature-time profile of the food accurately, and thus infer the amount of processing it has received using equations such as:

Multiple criteria evaluation of current energy resources for Turkish manufacturing industry

Energy is the main component of natural resources of developing, as well as developed, countries like Turkey. Because of economic and social developments, the demand for energy, in general, has increased considerably in Turkey. Since Turkey is not an oil or natural gas (NG) producing country, the energy resource usage for energy consumption should be effective. The Turkish industrial sector comprises approximately 36% of Turkey’s primary energy consumption, and the manufacturing industry is the largest industrial sector. In this study, the focus was on the manufacturing industry as the major energy consuming sector in Turkey, and it was analyzed in terms of efficient use of energy resources. The most widely used energy resources in the Turkish manufacturing industry, namely fuel-oil, coal, electricity, LPG and NG were taken into account. Evaluation and selection of current energy resources in this selected industry can be viewed as a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem, including human judgments, tangible and intangible criteria and priorities and trade offs between goals and criteria. The analytic network process (ANP), one of the MCDM methods, was used to evaluate the most suitable energy resources for the manufacturing industry in this study.

The impact of firm characteristics on management accounting practices: A UK-based empirical analysis

There has been sustained interest in explaining why firms adopt different management accounting practices (MAPs). This paper applies contingency theory to respond empirically to calls by Gerdin [2005. Management accounting system design in manufacturing departments: an empirical investigation using a multiple contingencies approach. Accounting, Organizations and Society 30, 99–126], Tillema [2005. Towards an integrated contingency framework for MAS sophistication: case studies on the scope of accounting instruments in Dutch power and gas companies. Management Accounting Research 16, 101–129] and Chenhall [2007. Theorizing contingencies in management control systems research. In: Chapman, C., Hopwood, A., Shields, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Management Accounting Research. Elsevier, Amsterdam.] to increase understanding of factors that explain management accounting (MA) sophistication. We examine the impact of a range of potentially contingent variables on a broad set of MAPs in a sample of companies selected from the UK's largest industry sector. The variables relate to external characteristics, organisational characteristics, and manufacturing or processing characteristics. The method differs from prior studies in not testing association between contingency factors and a single, or a limited number of, accounting practice(s) but in looking for relationships with aggregate levels of sophistication based on the emphasis that respondents place on 38 practices and techniques. Furthermore, the 10 contingency factors considered in this study include two constructs (product perishability and customer power) not previously explored. The results, derived from a large scale questionnaire survey, indicate that differences in MA sophistication are significantly explained by environmental uncertainty, customer power, decentralisation, size, AMT, TQM and JIT. The data confirm that customer power should be considered as an added external variable in the contingency theory paradigm. Expectations of relationships between competitive strategy, processing system complexity and product perishability, and MA sophistication were not, however, supported by the data. The improved understanding of the relationships between 10 contingency factors and MA techniques employed contributes to the further development of an integrated contingency framework explaining variations in the investment in MA.

Indústria química: evolução recente, problemas e oportunidades

Chemical industry underwent a significant upturn in the past few years. In Brazil, the position of this industry has been continuously strengthened as the second largest industrial sector. Current circumstances are discussed, especially the need for increased innovation, the impacts of nanotechnology, biotechnology and information technologies. Some misconceptions on the Brazilian chemical industry are criticized and recent improvements are described, including those related to environmental protection, to conclude that its prospects are very good, considering both the availability of basic raw materials (oil, natural gas, agribusiness products and minerals), the growing demand and increased competitiveness.

Glass production in russia — analysis and forecast

The general state of the glass industry in Russia at the present stage is analyzed. It is shown that on the basis of the production volume of sheet glass and glass containerware the glass industry is one of the largest industrial sectors in Russia. An intermediate-term forecast of the demand for the main resources—gas, electricity, sand, dolomite, soda, and cullet—is constructed on the basis of a determination of the trends in the further growth of glass production in Russia.

Assessment of development of the learning organization concept in Jordanian industrial companies

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the impact on organizational performance of the application of management and human resource practices, and to attempt to outline key elements and assess development of the learning organization (LO) concept in Jordan.Design/methodology/approachThe tool described in this article assesses relationships between LO practices and financial and operational performance measures. The empirical research aims at deconstructing the LO formation through the development and validation of a conceptual model. A total of 41 companies belonging to large industrial sectors in Jordan participated in a survey by responding to a research questionnaire.FindingsThe outcomes of the study indicate that the LO concept can be explored in Jordanian industry using eight constructs. These constructs were found to be strongly correlated. In general, this study identifies basic steps in the process of transformation into a learning organization in Jordan.Originality/valueThe study identifies the sequence of stages in the process of transformation into a learning organization in Jordan, which might be regarded as a developing country. The study culminated in a novel measurement instrument to evaluate learning organizations. Application of the tool facilitated LO constructs to be analyzed.

Competition over the Tax Base in the State Sales Tax

The sales tax shows wide variation across states. Rates differ, some states allow local options, and the base can vary dramatically. Consumer items like food are often afforded preferential treatment, and business purchases like manufacturing machinery are exempt in some states. There is no research that explores these and other sales tax base choices. This article provides an empirical examination of sales tax base choice on the part of states using a political economy framework and tools of spatial econometrics. The analysis accommodates tax competition among states, using a variety of alternative definitions of “competitors.” The authors find little evidence that consumer exemptions are linked to needy segments of the population, while equipment exemptions are more common in states with large industrial sectors. The results also show that the nature of the interstate tax competition process differs for different elements of the base and that nongeographic competition can be especially important.

Oil and Economy

Economic literature has recently paid increased attention to the interrelationships between resource (oil) wealth (i.e. dependence on exports of oil and other raw materials) on one hand, and macroeconomic performance (and socio-political system) on the other. Most authors find that resource wealth has a negative impact on economic development, and suggest that resource-oriented countries should diversify their economies. This article reviews some economic-policy dilemmas, and also examines the need for, and the constraints of, structural changes in Russia, an atypical, but quite important resource-dependent country. The negative implications of the “resource curse”are valid in the case of this country, as well. Russia has become resource-oriented despite the priority of heavy (military) industry development during the Soviet period. Although in some fields Soviet manufacturing was extensive and strong, it proved inefficient and internationally non-competitive. Engineering - the largest industrial sector - was never export-oriented. In addition, post-Soviet decline led to significant de-industrialisation. Thus, the present dependence on oil and gas is more a consequence than a cause of the weakness of manufacturing. Government-managed reorientation of resources from raw materials sectors onto manufacturing and services (urged by almost everyone but showing little progress) is a necessary but far not sufficient condition of the economic modernisation.

Developing Appropriate Measures of New Product Development A Contingency-Based Approach

International Journal of Innovation ManagementVol. 05, No. 01, pp. 21-47 (2001) No AccessDEVELOPING APPROPRIATE MEASURES OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A CONTINGENCY-BASED APPROACHVICTORIA STORY, GARETH SMITH, and JIM SAKERVICTORIA STORYLoughborough University Business School, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom Search for more papers by this author , GARETH SMITHLoughborough University Business School, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom Search for more papers by this author , and JIM SAKERLoughborough University Business School, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom Search for more papers by this author https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919601000282Cited by:4 PreviousNext AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Library ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail AbstractWhile previous research studies describe a broad set of factors that discriminate between new product success and failure, much of the past and current research remains exploratory in nature (Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1987; Montoya-Weiss & Calantone, 1994). The suggestion is that researchers, in looking to generalise, have actually been describing findings that are "averaging" over a number of areas, such as Dimensions of Success and Industry boundaries (Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1993; Craig & Hart, 1992; Griffin & Page, 1993). This may well provide some explanation as to why, despite the very consistent findings of many past studies, failure rates are still high (Kleinschmidt & Cooper, 1995). This paper aims to provide more detailed insights into the development process activities within a single sector, the UK automotive components industry. This sector is particularly important as it is the main source of NPD activity for one of the world's largest industrial sectors, namely the automotive assembly market (Ford, GM, etc.). The paper addresses the "averaging" issue by using qualitative research to compare and contrast NPD processes in this sector with those suggested by extant (generalised) NPD literature to confirm that the measures used are valid for this particular industry context. The research identifies similarities but also significant differences. This suggests that the general measures used to assess NPD projects are not sufficiently detailed to analyse this chosen sector, which casts doubt over the applicability of these general NPD measures in other single industry settings. The findings confirm the need for this "intermediate" stage in the research process prior to undertaking quantitative research to evaluate the impact of the issues identified on performance, as described in the future research section.Keywords:new product developmentqualitative studyautomotive industry Remember to check out the Most Cited Articles! Be inspired by these New Titles in Business and Management FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By 4Public Procurement of Innovation: Selection of the Sustainable AlternativeViktorija Babica and Deniss Sceulovs13 December 2019 | Economics and Business, Vol. 33, No. 1INNOVATION PROCESS, DECISION-MAKING, PERCEIVED RISKS AND METRICS: A DYNAMICS TESTGLENN BROPHEY, ANAHITA BAREGHEH, and DAVID HEMSWORTH31 May 2013 | International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 17, No. 03Low‐tech, small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises and the practice of new product developmentMartti Lindman, Barbara Scozzi and Carmen Otero‐Neira18 Jan 2008 | European Business Review, Vol. 20, No. 1Erfolg substanzieller Innovationen — der Innovationsgrad als EinflussfaktorHans Georg Gemünden and Alexander Kock1 Jan 2008 Recommended Vol. 05, No. 01 Metrics History Received 11 February 2000 Revised 25 June 2000 Accepted 2 September 2000 Keywordsnew product developmentqualitative studyautomotive industryPDF download

DEVELOPING APPROPRIATE MEASURES OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A CONTINGENCY-BASED APPROACH

While previous research studies describe a broad set of factors that discriminate between new product success and failure, much of the past and current research remains exploratory in nature (Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1987; Montoya-Weiss & Calantone, 1994). The suggestion is that researchers, in looking to generalise, have actually been describing findings that are "averaging" over a number of areas, such as Dimensions of Success and Industry boundaries (Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1993; Craig & Hart, 1992; Griffin & Page, 1993). This may well provide some explanation as to why, despite the very consistent findings of many past studies, failure rates are still high (Kleinschmidt & Cooper, 1995). This paper aims to provide more detailed insights into the development process activities within a single sector, the UK automotive components industry. This sector is particularly important as it is the main source of NPD activity for one of the world's largest industrial sectors, namely the automotive assembly market (Ford, GM, etc.). The paper addresses the "averaging" issue by using qualitative research to compare and contrast NPD processes in this sector with those suggested by extant (generalised) NPD literature to confirm that the measures used are valid for this particular industry context. The research identifies similarities but also significant differences. This suggests that the general measures used to assess NPD projects are not sufficiently detailed to analyse this chosen sector, which casts doubt over the applicability of these general NPD measures in other single industry settings. The findings confirm the need for this "intermediate" stage in the research process prior to undertaking quantitative research to evaluate the impact of the issues identified on performance, as described in the future research section.

Spatial inequality of rural industrial development in China, 1989–1994

Rural industry, having benefited from market oriented reforms, has surpassed state owned industry and become the largest industrial sector in China since 1993. Using multiple indicators, this study reveals a highly unbalanced spatial distribution and an increase in inequality of rural industrial development. It also classifies the level of development at the provincial level from 1989 to 1994. The relationship between rural industrial development and internal and regional characteristics is analyzed by multiple regression analysis. A very high correlation between rural industrial development and regional market indicators resulted in the conclusion that rural industry is a market economic sector and its development is driven by market forces in China's dual economy. The spatial patterns of rural industrial development reflect the viable, even optimum, location patterns created by the experience of the market economy. Although government policies attempted to reduce the inequality of rural industrial development among regions, the widened gap between rich and poor in the period 1989–1994 demonstrated the strong impacts of the concentrating effects of market forces.

Elasticities of electricity demand in India

The paper examines econometric relationship between electricity consumption and variables like, income, price of electricity and diesel (used in for captive power generation to meet the shortages), and reliability of power supply from utilities in five major consumer categories in India. These categories are, residential, commercial, agriculture, small and medium industries, and large industries. Income and price elasticities of electricity consumption are estimated at the national level for these consumers by pooling data across 19 states spread over 9 years (1985/86–1993/94). The results show that electricity consumption in commercial and large industrial sectors are income elastic (>1), while residential, agricultural and small and medium industries are income inelastic (<1). The short-run price elasticities vary from −1.35 in agriculture, −0.65 in residential, −0.45 in large industry, −0.26 in commercial and insignificant in small and medium industry. Total power shortages from utilities affect most the commercial sector followed by the residential sector.

An Empirical Study of the use of EDI in Supermarket Chains using a New Conceptual Framework

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is now widely established as an interorganizational system in almost all large and medium size industrial, service and retail sectors and the purpose of this paper is to discuss the experiences of six supermarket chains concerning the use of this technology. Whilst the advantages of conducting electronic transactions are generally recognized, consensus on methodologies for quantifying the benefit success associated with interorganizational systems still remain elusive. It is argued that a comparison of pre-implementation expected benefits with post-implementation realized benefits can offer a reliable way of assessing the benefit success from EDI and other information systems. In this approach, the benefit success is expressed as a function of three benefit states namely, efficiency, neutrality and deficiency depending on whether the gap between realized and expected benefits is positive, neutral or negative respectively. In order to identify the benefit state of each participating organization, initially a series of semistructured interviews was conducted with senior managers followed by the administration of a self assessment rating instrument in the form of a questionnaire. This paper will discuss the findings along with the testing of a new conceptual framework for examining the relationship between benefit success, implementation approach and implementation success.

An empirical study of the use of EDI in supermarket chains using a new conceptual framework

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is now widely established as an interorganizational system in almost all large and medium size industrial, service and retail sectors and the purpose of this paper is to discuss the experiences of six supermarket chains concerning the use of this technology. Whilst the advantages of conducting electronic transactions are generally recognized, consensus on methodologies for quantifying the benefit success associated with interorganizational systems still remain elusive. It is argued that a comparison of pre-implementation expected benefits with post-implementation realized benefits can offer a reliable way of assessing the benefit success from EDI and other information systems. In this approach, the benefit success is expressed as a function of three benefit states namely, efficiency, neutrality and deficiency depending on whether the gap between realized and expected benefits is positive, neutral or negative respectively. In order to identify the benefit state of each participating organization, initially a series of semistructured interviews was conducted with senior managers followed by the administration of a self assessment rating instrument in the form of a questionnaire. This paper will discuss the findings along with the testing of a new conceptual framework for examining the relationship between benefit success, implementation approach and implementation success.