Large Industrial Sector Research Articles

Pathways for the US food processing sector under economy-wide net zero in a multisector dynamic framework

The food processing sector is a large, energy-consuming and CO2-emitting industrial sector. The sector was estimated to account for 6 % of US industrial CO2 emissions in 2020. The sector uses significant amounts of fossil fuels, biomass, and electricity to perform a range of operations such as baking, drying, and refrigeration. Additionally, the sector is tightly linked to the agriculture and land use sectors. In this analysis, we use the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM), a coupled, energy-economy-agriculture-land-use-water-climate systems model, to examine the role of the food processing sector in the EMF37 2050 US net-zero CO2 scenario. We explore the implications for technology and fuel choice and go beyond to examine US food consumption, food prices, and land-use change. To better understand the sensitivity of our results to alternative developments, we assess multiple sensitivity scenarios for the US and other world regions, with a focus on varied food processing energy intensity pathways.We find that along the EMF37 US net-zero path, the food processing sector electrifies the majority of its process heat. We also find that the industry phases-down natural gas use and completely phases-out coal. Additionally, we observe a marginal decrease in US food consumption per capita relative to our reference scenario. This primarily occurs due to the increase in consumer food prices resulting from increased demand for purpose-grown biomass crops, which compete with food crops for land resources. Finally, cumulative energy savings of 4.2 EJ are achieved from 2020 to 2050 in a scenario in which the US reduces its food processing intensity to EU-15 levels.

КОМПЛЕКС ТАКТИЧЕСКИХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ ПРОЦЕССА ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ АВИАСТРОЕНИЯ В РОССИИ

This article examines the process of import substitution in the field of aircraft construction in Russia. Object: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation in the market of air transport services for the production of domestic aircraft and to develop tactical measures to improve the process of import substitution in the field of aircraft construction in Russia. Findings: Based on the analysis, it should be noted that the current import substitution strategy, which is currently operating in Russia, shows a serious dependence in the aircraft industry sector. Consequently, there are serious problems in the formation of domestic corporations and the creation of competitive products. Russia in the aviation industry sector shows a high proportion of import dependence and the existing serious problems of aircraft maintenance, the solution of which is relevant and should be reflected in the transformed strategy in the field of aircraft construction in Russia. Conclusions: Thus, summing up the results of the conducted research on the issue of import substitution in the field of aircraft engineering, it is worth noting that the proposed set of tactical measures and assigned tasks between the main participants in the import substitution process will create conditions for its successful implementation. Therefore, targeted financing and state support for projects to develop the country's production potential, the implementation of measures to create research laboratories based on universities and research centers, training and support of specialists, motivation of young scientists, as well as the creation and modernization of engineering centers, whose tasks will be the development and implementation of modern technologies not only in the aircraft industry, but in and into Russia's largest industrial sector, as well as in a number of other industries, it will allow improving the import substitution process in Russia. Thus, the proposed activities.

Relationship between civil construction companies and suppliers: comparative analysis with companies in other sectors

Strategic supplier management establishes criteria for the selection, evaluation, and development of suppliers, in addition to the administration of contracts and supplies. This type of management aims to organize all processes involving suppliers, defining criteria to support decision-making in selecting the best partners, considering those who meet pre-established requirements. Furthermore, efficient management provides closer proximity to suppliers, facilitating relationships, fostering collaborative innovation, improving product costs, and increasing the company's competitiveness. The objective of this work is to analyze the relationship of suppliers in the construction industry and compare it with companies from other sectors. To achieve this objective, an applied, quantitative, and exploratory research was developed through field research. Questionnaires were applied to employees of construction companies and companies from other sectors, such as service providers and large industrial sectors, addressing issues related to organizational characteristics and specific axes that determine the relationship, such as trust, long-term relationship, and information sharing between client and supplier. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and exploratory analyses to observe the divergent and similar characteristics between the two groups. The results indicate that construction companies have gaps in the axes of trust, information sharing, and especially in the sphere of long-term relationships compared to companies in other sectors. This indicates the need for improvements in supplier management practices in the construction industry to achieve a competitive performance more aligned with other industrial sectors. The implementation of more robust strategies and the adoption of better practices in supplier management can help overcome these gaps, resulting in a more efficient and collaborative business environment, with mutual benefits for construction companies and their suppliers.

Sustainability Evaluation of a Paper and Pulp Industrial Waste Incorporation in Bituminous Pavements

The valorization of wastes as an alternative or secondary raw material in various products and processes has been a solution for the implementation of sustainability, a safer environment, and the concept of circular economy in the efficient use and management of natural resources. To promote sustainability through a circular economy approach, this work tries to demonstrate the environmental gains that are obtained by bringing together, in an industrial symbiosis action, two large industrial sectors (the pulp and paper and the road pavement sectors) responsible for generating large amounts of wastes. A sustainability assessment, based on a life cycle and circular economy approach, is presented here, and discussed using a simple case study carried out on a real scale. Two wastes (dregs and grits) from the pulp and paper industry (PPI) were used to partially replace natural fine aggregates in the production of bituminous mixtures used on the top surface of road pavements. The impacts at a technical, environmental, economic, and social level were assessed and it was shown that this simple waste valorization action is not only positive for the final product from a technical point of view, but also for the environment, causing positive impacts on the different sustainability dimensions that were evaluated.

The path toward the 2030 Agenda: the implementation status of sustainable development goals in the large industrial sector of Bahrain

The path toward the 2030 Agenda: the implementation status of sustainable development goals in the large industrial sector of Bahrain

Rise of inflation and formation of interest rate on loans in industrial sector: A VECM approach to assess the impact on total industrial production from evidence of Bangladesh

Industrial development is the prerequisite for sustainable economic growth. This study has examined the impact of the interest rate imposed on advances in the small and medium enterprise (SME) industrial sector, the large industrial (LI) sector, and inflation on the total industrial development of Bangladesh. For this purpose, we have used monthly data from January 2015 to June 2021. The weighted average interest rate of advances (WAIRA) is used as a substitute for the interest rate imposed on advances that were sourced from Bangladesh Bank (BB). We have applied Johansen co integration and the VECM technique to investigate long- and short run relationships, and the results have revealed the existence of both. We have observed that, in the short run, only WAIRA on SME industries has a significant negative impact on total industrial development. In the long run, inflation and WAIRA on SME and large industry have a significant impact on industrial development. The long run relationships have indicated that, inflation and WAIRA in the SME sector have a negative influence on total industrial development, but WAIRA in the large industry (LI) sector has a positive influence. Finally, considering the entire situation of the economy of Bangladesh, especially the growing industrial sector, these findings are highly momentous for policy implications and achieving sustainable development in this sector.

The Influence Of Easy Business Licensing Through The Implementation Of Online Single Submission (OSS) Applications On Increasing Investment In North Sumatra Province (Mid Large Scale Industrial Sector)

The government issued the latest policy related to investment, namely Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021 which regulates Online Single Submission (OSS) and Government Regulation Number 6 of 2021. However, investment in the industrial sector in North Sumatra Province in fact it did not show an increase after the implementation of the application in 2018. In contrast to Indonesia's EoDB ranking, which after the implementation of the Online Single Submission (OSS) application in 2018 from rank 91 crawled up to rank 72. So the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ease of licensing trying through the implementation of the Online Single Submission Application to increase investment in the industrial sector in North Sumatra Province. The research method used is a quantitative approach by collecting data in the form of numbers from a Likert scale questionnaire. The sample used was 80 respondents using the non-probability sampling technique using purposive sampling method. Data analysis used validity tests, reliability tests, and path analysis (Path Analysis) with the aim of knowing the direct and indirect effects of the ease of business licensing variables through the implementation of the Online Single Submission Application on increasing investment. From the results of the study that the ease of licensing tries to influence directly or indirectly through the implementation of the Online Single Submission application on increasing investment in the category that is still less effective and the results of calculating direct effect is 41,5% and indirect effect is 46,45%. Where there are two policy indicators, transparency indicators for domestic investment and Accountability for foreign investment do not have a significant direct effect and coordination indicators provide a direct and significant influence on domestic investment and foreign investment.

Automatic raster engineering drawing digitisation for legacy parts towards advanced manufacturing

Mechanical engineering drawings are commonly used in multiple industries, carrying essential information about the design and technical specifications of the parts they define. With large industry sectors shifting to advanced manufacturing processes and technologies such as additive manufacturing, arises the need for systems checking whether legacy parts described by engineering drawings can be optimally produced. To this end, the digitisation of engineering drawings has become the key issue for the following computer-aided engineering tasks towards advanced manufacturing. This paper presents a pipeline for information extraction in raster mechanical engineering drawings through a combination of traditional and deep-learning-based computer vision techniques. Object detection and text recognition techniques are implemented to achieve automatic interpretation of engineering drawings. A dataset of 217 industrial engineering drawings is created to evaluate the proposed method. Different types of information within engineering drawings, including information blocks, views, dimensions, and Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) information, are extracted automatically. A case study of engineering drawing digitisation for a complex part is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Combining Renewable Electricity and Renewable Carbon: Understanding Reaction Mechanisms of Biomass-Derived Furanic Compounds for Design of Catalytic Nanomaterials.

ConspectusDespite the growing deployment of renewable energy conversion technologies, a number of large industrial sectors remain challenging to decarbonize. Aviation, heavy transport, and the production of steel, cement, and chemicals are heavily dependent on carbon-containing fuels and feedstocks. A hopeful avenue toward carbon neutrality is the implementation of renewable carbon for the synthesis of critical fuels, chemicals, and materials. Biomass provides an opportune source of renewable carbon, naturally capturing atmospheric CO2 and forming multicarbon linkages and useful chemical functional groups. The constituent molecules nonetheless require various chemical transformations, often best facilitated by catalytic nanomaterials, in order to access usable final products.Catalyzed transformations of renewable biomass compounds may intersect with renewable energy production by offering a means to utilize excess intermittent electricity and store it within chemical bonds. Electrochemical catalytic processes can often offer advantages in energy efficiency, product selectivity, and modular scalability compared to thermal-driven reactions. Electrocatalytic reactions with renewable carbon feedstocks can further enable related processes such as water splitting, where value-adding organic oxidation reactions may replace the evolution of oxygen. Organic electroreduction reactions may also allow desirable hydrogenations of bonds without intermediate formation of H2 and need for additional reactors.This Account highlights recent work aimed at gaining a fundamental understanding of transformations involving biomass-derived molecules in electrocatalytic nanomaterials. Particular emphasis is placed on the oxidation of biomass derived furanic compounds such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can yield value-added chemicals, including furoic acid (FA), maleic acid (MA), and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) for renewable materials and other commodities. We highlight advanced implementations of online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OLEMS) and vibrational spectroscopies such as attenuated total reflectance surface enhanced infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS), combined with microkinetic models (MKMs) and quantum chemical calculations, to shed light on the elementary mechanistic pathways involved in electrochemical biomass conversion and how these paths are influenced by catalytic nanomaterials. Perspectives are given on the potential opportunities for materials development toward more efficient and selective carbon-mitigating reaction pathways.

Heterogeneous Impacts in Voluntary Agreements: A Changes-in-Changes Approach to the UK Climate Change Agreements

AbstractThe limited microeconometric evidence on the efficacy of environmental Negotiated Agreements (NAs) is an obstacle to both their introduction and effective design. We help fill this gap by providing evidence on the impact of the second Climate Change Agreements (CCAs) on business electricity consumption and employment. The CCAs are NAs offering a reduction on the Climate Change Levy (CCL), an energy consumption tax, in exchange for commitments to improve energy efficiency. We use the novel changes-in-changes method to account for heterogeneity in treatment effects. Our results indicate that the second CCAs yielded improved outcomes compared to the counterfactual of full CCL with an average reduction of − 4.81% in electricity consumption. They also reveal the importance of allowing for heterogeneity, as the impact on electricity consumption at the identified deciles varied between − 9.33 and 12.54%. This is a marked difference from the first CCAs which were found to increase consumption. The heterogeneity in treatment response is corroborated when extending the study to two large industrial sectors in the sample and when studying firms selecting differing target reporting methods. Confirming the findings from earlier studies of the first scheme, our results indicate a non-statistically significant reduction in employment, about − 4.6% on average, for the second CCAs.

Vulnerability assessment and federated intrusion detection of Air Taxi enabled smart cities

A Sustainable Smart City (SSC) has become the largest industrial sector that encompasses advanced cognitive, information, and computing methods for providing better big data handling to enhance the quality of life and urban operations with optimized resource utilization. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are used as Air Taxis (ATs) in SSC, bypassing traffic congestion. However, the integration of ATs in SSC is very challenging, seeking high safety and security for the passengers. Such an autonomous system carries vital information, becoming vulnerable to furtive False Data Injection Attacks (FDIA), which have not received considerable research attention heretofore. To address the problem, this article establishes a model-free FDIA employing a recurrent deterministic policy gradient to exploit the data integrity of AT’s sensors, leading to collisions. Thereafter, a decentralized threat detection model, a deep optimized attentive federated aggregation learning is deployed, to counteract the threat and protect the data privacy of each AT. The suggested method is parallelizable and can accurately detect an unobservable FDIA in a distributed manner. The simulation findings show that the proposed attack–defense model investigates in-depth system’s vulnerabilities and tackles the risk with a higher detection rate and reduced computing cost while maintaining privacy preservation that surpasses modern approaches.

A Review on Textile Effluents Treatment Approaches

The textile sector is the largest industrial sector in the world. Textile processing produces lot of complex chemical substances as effluents during various stages of operation. The effluents discharged are treated with various methods say adsorption, membrane filtration, ion exchange, electro kinetic coagulation, coagulation, oxidative process, ozonation, photo and electro chemical destruction and biological processes. Each process has its own merits and demerits. The aim of this paper is to discuss the above-mentioned methods.

Testing the role of economic complexity on the ecological footprint in China: a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach

China is known for its large industrial sector and diversified energy mix, which could contribute to environmental pollution, as fossil fuels remain China's main source of energy. With the recent drive by the Chinese government to achieve low carbon emissions and further reduce greenhouse gases, this study adds to the existing literature by combining the quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression and non-parametric techniques to examine the role of economic complexity, nonrenewables energy and renewable energy consumption on the ecological footprint in China over the period 1985Q1–2019Q4. Overall, results show that renewable energy, non-renewable energy use, economic growth and economic complexity affects ecological footprint positively. In addition, the nonparametric causality outcomes revealed that renewable energy, non-renewable energy use, economic growth and economic complexity can significantly predict variations in ecological footprint at different quantiles. We are of the opinion that policymakers in this region should work on the pro-growth mentality of China, which is majorly fossil fuel-driven. This requires an immediate replacement with more eco-friendly sources and energy-saving technologies for economic activities. Otherwise, fulfilling the SDG 13 goals in China will be challenging. For a sustainable renewable energy investment, China should shift to ancillary and spot markets, where the low energy storage and low marginal cost of renewable energy could facilitate higher reduction in electricity cost and encourage higher trading of electricity.

Better Cotton: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture

Cotton is the largest industrial sector in Pakistan. However, due to bad traditional practices and use of high amount pesticides, the whole industry lost about 10-15% of cotton. For reasons of socioeconomic and environmental harm, the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) launched "Better Cotton" in Pakistan. Better cotton production is a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional cotton due to its efficient resource utilization and lower environmental externalities. CABI encourages farmers to implement better cotton production principles and criteria, use better cotton standard system and good agricultural practices (GAP), and provide participatory training for small, medium and large-sized farmers and farm workers in their "learning groups" and medium-sized farmers' fields. The aim of this short communication article is to put together a concise review of Better Cotton production. In this short communication we briefly present the history, importance, aim, distribution and principles of Better Cotton Initiative.

Analisis Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Sektor Industri Besar Dan Sedang Daerah Kabupaten Dan Kota Provinsi Jawa Timur 2015-2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Labor Productivity of the Large and Medium Industrial Sector in the Regencies and Cities of East Java Province. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Regency and City of East Java Province in 2017-2019. The analytical method used in this research is panel data regression. The results of this study indicate that the Regency and City Minimum Wages, the average length of schooling have a significant positive effect on the Labor Productivity of the Large and Medium Industrial Sector, while the Human Development Index has a significant negative effect on the Labor Productivity of the Large and Medium Industrial Sector. East Java.

Trade credit promotes industrial growth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the textile sector of Pakistan

Relevance. The rapid spread of COVID-19 around the world is disastrous to low-income countries. The pandemic was a serious threat to developing countries. In the case of Pakistan's textile industry, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been hit hard. Importantly, the textile sector is the largest industrial sector in Pakistan. Purpose of the study. The purpose of the article is to identify the challenges that SMEs are facing due to the pandemic and to consider trade credit as a possible tool to resolve them. Data and Methods. The data were collected through the questionnaire survey among the representatives of SMEs in the textile industry in Pakistan. In total, representatives of 150 textile industries were surveyed, but due to incomplete data only 115 were used for the analysis. The survey was conducted from March 2020 to March 2021. Then, the structural equation model (SEM) was applied to ensure the accuracy of the results. Results. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the textile industry in Pakistan and the buying process as well as the satisfaction level. The study highlights the industrial safety issues during the pandemic which exacerbated the economic difficulties. The study also explains the mechanism how perceived control over buying, perceived satisfaction, and perceived trust in science relate to trade credit and COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions. The Pakistani government has taken many proactive measures, but there is still no consistent policy to attract more agents to the small textile business. Thus, a trade loan is the best solution for SMEs as it does not require immediate cash payments. The lack of government support has exacerbated the general pandemic-related economic crisis. In this light, trade loans may be considered as one of the most effective tools to keep SMEs afloat.

Towards Effective Environmental Sustainability Reporting in the Large Industrial Sector of Bahrain

The industrial sector plays a vital role in economic development; therefore, there is a necessity to integrate sustainability into industrial development to maintain the economy and avoid any degradation impacts on the environment, and thereafter on society. Thus, do Bahraini companies have sustainability reports and if so, are these reports based on GRI guidelines? Has the status of their sustainability reports been analyzed? This research aims to examine the sustainability reports of companies by analyzing the status of sustainability aspects in their materiality matrices to assist in identifying and prioritizing the most significant sustainability issues for advancement in their future reporting and to improve their environmental performance. This study employs a content analysis approach and analyzes 11 reports from the period 2016–2020 for three companies in Bahrain’s large industrial sector. The study reveals that the companies using materiality analysis in their reporting benefit from better monitoring and measuring of their environmental performance, and from implementing SDGs. Furthermore, the study indicates that the utilization of a materiality matrix as a reporting tool can define and improve report contents by considering stakeholders’ views, consequently, improving the quality of the sustainability reports. The study concludes by proposing a set of recommendations.

A machine learning method to predict the technology adoption of blockchain in Palestinian firms

PurposeThe study aims to deliver a decision support system for business leaders to estimate the potential for effective technological adoption of the blockchain (TAB) with a machine learning approach.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a Bayesian network examination to develop an extrapolative system of decision support, highlighting the influential determinants that managers can employ to predict the TAB possibilities in their companies. Data were gathered from 167 SMEs in the largest industrial sectors in Palestine.FindingsThe results reveal perceived benefit and ease of use as the most influential determinants of the TAB.Originality/valueThis research is an initial effort to examine factors influencing TAB in the perspective of SMEs in Palestine using machine learning algorithms.

Structuring and functionalization of non-metallic materials using direct laser interference patterning: a review

AbstractDirect laser interference patterning (DLIP) is a laser-based surface structuring method that stands out for its high throughput, flexibility and resolution for laboratory and industrial manufacturing. This top–down technique relies on the formation of an interference pattern by overlapping multiple laser beams onto the sample surface and thus producing a periodic texture by melting and/or ablating the material. Driven by the large industrial sectors, DLIP has been extensively used in the last decades to functionalize metallic surfaces, such as steel, aluminium, copper or nickel. Even so, DLIP processing of non-metallic materials has been gaining popularity in promising fields such as photonics, optoelectronics, nanotechnology and biomedicine. This review aims to comprehensively collect the main findings of DLIP structuring of polymers, ceramics, composites, semiconductors and other non-metals and outline their most relevant results. This contribution also presents the mechanisms by which laser radiation interacts with non-metallic materials in the DLIP process and summarizes the developed surface functions and their applications in different fields.

PITANJE STRANE RADNE SNAGE U INDUSTRIJI BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE (1918–1941)

Based on available sources and literature, the paper analyzes the issue of foreign labor in the industry of Bosnia and Herzegovina between the two world wars. The appearance of foreign workers are tied tothe Austro-Hungarian period (1878-1918), when a large industrial sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina was erected with the help of foreign investments. The issue of foreign labor was updated after the end of The First World War and the entry of Bosnia and Herzegovina as part of the newly formed Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The new state administration immediately approached the persecution of foreign labor and the legal restriction on its arrival, regardless of the consequences for the industry. It quickly turned out that the advance measures were wrong and had negative effects, as foreigners occupied jobs in an industry that required proper professional qualifications, and which domestic workers could not fill due to lack of education. During the interwar period, the labor market permanently and noticeably lacked a qualified workforce, and the number of unemployed unqualified workers in all branches of industry and crafts grew steadily. Some liberalization for the arrival of a foreign workforce that the state later facilitated was of little use to employers, due to the procedures and costs associated with them, and the slow pace and corruption in the state administration. Keywords: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, foreign workers, qualified workers, emigration.