Large Territory Research Articles

특허분석을 통한 라틴아메리카지역의 유망 공백물류기술 도출

In recent years, the lack of relevant technological infrastructure for innovation in logistics technology in Latin American nations with significant economic expansion has been a factor impeding economic growth. In this case, even though Latin American nations are actively pursuing policies to revive technical innovation, there is an issue with the absence of objective data for policy formation. We suggests a strategy for revitalizing technical innovation through the utilization of promising vacant technologies predicted by patent data analysis. Using GTM, ARIMA, technology mapping, and decision tree analysis, promising vacant technology groups and technological keywords were identified from 670 logistics-related patents extracted between 2010 and 2020. As a result of the investigation, “Multimodal Transportation” and “Simulation-Based Distribution Optimization” derived based on important technology keywords, is perceived as a required technology to revitalize technological innovation in Latin American nations with large territories. The research results can be used as objective data for policymaking to stimulate technical innovation, contributing to more objective policymaking in Latin American countries.

Analysis of brand recognition and attractiveness of the territory: on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan

Today tourism is one of the integral parts of the economic sphere of the modern world. Domestic tourism as an external one needs more attention, because thanks to the recognition of the territory, more investments are attracted for development. According to the author, it is important to pay attention to the development of marketing in tourism, namely the promotion of the territory and its attributes. The brand of the territory is one of the tools for promoting the territory, primarily its tourist potential. This method of promotion is used in almost all large territories, such as: countries, cities, territories with historical heritage. The author believes that it is worth paying attention to this tool, and already at the stage of forming the brand platform to build a competent development strategy, otherwise the brand of the territory may not be perceived as originally intended. The result of a well–built brand of the territory and its attributes will be a greater increase in the tourist flow, as well as an increase in the recognition of the territory, thereby increasing the demand for the territory in the future. There is already a brand of the territory «Visit Tatarstan» on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, in this study this brand is analyzed for recognition and attractiveness from the point of view of potential tourists.

Roger’s syndrome presenting with stroke

Rogers syndrome (Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anaemia-TRMA) occurs due to defect in the SLC19A2 gene. SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 genes encode THTR1 and 2 respectively, which are thiamine transporter proteins. The SLC19A2 gene is expressed in the inner ear cells, β-islet cells, and hematopoietic stem cells; consequently, the typical clinical trial of TRMA is diabetes, TRMA, and sensorineural hearing loss. This syndrome, eponymously called Roger’s syndrome is rare. Mode of inheritance of TRMA is autosomal recessive. Clinical presentation as recurrent stroke is extremely rare. We present a case of a five-year-old boy who had recurrent large artery territory cerebral infarcts, with no other identifiable underlying cause of stroke. During current admission, no underlying etiology could be identified for cerebral infarct. On workup, a preliminary diagnosis of TRMA was made and thiamine supplementation was instituted. Gene analysis confirmed the diagnosis. The child was a product of non-consanguineous marriage. There was history of early childhood demise of two older siblings within five years of age due to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). TRMA is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome that manifests as a typical triad with diabetes, hearing loss and megaloblastic anaemia. The treatment is with high dose thiamine supplementation that can alleviate symptoms of diabetes and megaloblastic anaemia. Onset and progression of hearing loss may be delayed with treatment. Some cases may present with recurrent stroke as in the proband.

Detection and mapping of artillery craters with very high spatial resolution satellite imagery and deep learning

Unexploded munitions are some of the most enduring remnants of conflicts around the world. Their effects on the economy, health, environment, and post-conflict rehabilitation are long reaching and devastating for the areas they plague. With the advancements in very high spatial resolution (VHR) satellite multispectral imaging at sub-meter resolution, it becomes possible to detect object attributes at the scale of individual impacts (craters) of heavy weapon shelling. Manual identification and delineation of artillery craters in satellite imagery is time and resource consuming, especially when large territories and volumes of VHR data are considered. Therefore, automatic image processing methods should be explored. Here, we evaluate the application of a deep learning approach for identifying and mapping artillery craters in agricultural fields in Eastern Ukraine during the onset of armed conflict in 2014. The model was applied to pansharpened multispectral VHR imagery acquired by the WorldView-2 satellite at 0.5-m spatial resolution. The model can detect artillery craters with producer's accuracy (PA) (or recall) of 0.671 and user's accuracy (UA) (or precision) of 0.392 in terms of crater area and shape, and PA of 0.559 and UA of 0.427 in terms of binary crater identification. The model's performance is dependent on crater size. Reliability of crater detection and mapping improves as the size of craters increases. For example, for craters larger than 60 m2 PA is 0.803 and UA is 0.449 (per-pixel), and PA is 0.891 and UA is 0.721 (per-object). Overall, the model prioritizes PA over UA, i.e., omission error over commission error, and is better at detecting craters than their shapes. We applied the trained model to a separate, 858 km2 subregion of Donetsk oblast to automatically estimate and map the locations, number and area of artillery craters. Our estimates revealed over 22,000 craters in the subregion, which occupy an area of 1.2 km2, or 0.14% of the region, primarily in agricultural fields. The availability of such crater maps is extremely valuable within demining and chemical decontamination efforts and can assist in assessing the impact of warfare on agriculture and the environment. We outline the current limitations of the proposed approach and avenues for further research for improving artillery crater detection and mapping.

Demographic history of the Punjab urial and implications for its management

AbstractThe Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) is endemic to Northern Punjab, Pakistan, and is categorized as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. The urial population has declined by 30% over the last 3 generations. We used non‐invasive fecal samples to identify individuals and estimate population size of Punjab urial in the Kalabagh Game Reserve, Pakistan. We genotyped samples using 12 microsatellite markers to assess genetic variation, population structure, and demographic changes. Microsatellite analysis revealed high levels of genetic variation in urials in terms of expected and observed heterozygosity and allelic diversity. The population structure of the Punjab urial in the Kalabagh Game Reserve, based solely on microsatellite variation using Bayesian clustering, indicated 3 different clusters in the reserve. Results revealed that the urial population may be facing inbreeding pressure because its ancestral effective population size has declined from between 20,000 and 50,000 to ≤1,000 animals today. This reduction has partly occurred because of a bottleneck that occurred about 10,000 years ago. Results also indicate that 1 urial population cluster has the signature of a bottleneck, which may be due to population isolation. The 3 urial clusters are small and broadly dispersed in a large territory, meaning they could be extirpated without any opportunity for natural re‐population through dispersion. The results of our study support a management strategy that encourages maintaining connectivity between urial localities within the Kalabagh Game Reserve, increased diversity so the effective population size may recover from the historical decline, and the use of data generated here as a baseline of urial genetic diversity in the reserve for monitoring diversity over the long term.

Благочинный на Кольском Севере в начале XIX века (по документам Кемского духовного правления Национального архива Республики Карелия)

Using new documents of the Kem spiritual collegium, the institution of deans in the Kola North with its specific features has been studied for the first time. The large territory of the Kola Peninsula that was part of the Arkhangelsk and Kholmogory dioceses had the only one deanery district due to few parishes at the beginning of the XIX century. The everyday life of a local dean was filled with bureaucratic correspondence with the spiritual collegium. The dean took multi-day trips to inspect parish churches located at a great distance from each other and that was a difficult task for him in the conditions of the Kola North. The duties of the Kola dean, like in the other diocesan districts, were numerous but he could not always adhere to the recommendations prescribed by the ecclesiastical authority in the all-Russian instructions and fulfill its requirements in a timely manner. The absence of any state financial support to the deanery service in the Kola North significantly complicated and limited the activities of the dean. The personal qualities of a priest appointed by the bishop to this responsible position were of great importance and largely determined the effectiveness of the established system of control over local parish communities. The information found in the course of the study is important for understanding the development of parish life in the north-western outskirts of the Russian state in the early XIX century.

Seismic risk assessment of a large metropolitan area by means of simulated earthquakes

The determination of seismic risk in urban settlements has received increasing attention in the scientific community during the last decades since it allows to identify the most vulnerable portions of urban areas and therefore to plan appropriate strategies for seismic risk reduction. In order to accurately evaluate the seismic risk of urban settlements it should be necessary to estimate in detail the seismic vulnerability of all the existing buildings in the considered area. This task could be very cumbersome due to both the great number of information needed to accurately characterize each building and the huge related computational effort. Several simplified methods for the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings have been therefore presented in the literature. In order to estimate the occurrence of damage in buildings due to possible seismic phenomena, the published studies usually refer to response spectra evaluated according to seismic events expected in the territory with assumed probabilities. In the present paper seismic events are instead simulated using a modified Olami–Feder–Christensen (OFC) model, within the framework of self-organized criticality. The proposed methodology takes into account some geological parameters in the evaluation of the seismic intensities perceived by each single building, extending the approach presented in a previous study of some of the authors. Here, a large territory in the Sicilian oriental coast, the metropolitan area of Catania, which includes several urbanized zones with different features, has been considered as a new case study. Applications of the procedure are presented first with reference to seismic sequences of variable intensity, whose occurrence is rather frequent in seismic territories, showing that the damage can be progressively accumulated in the buildings and may lead to their collapse even when the intensities of each single event are moderate. Moreover, statistically significant simulations of single major seismic events, equivalent to a given sequence in terms of produced damages on buildings, are also performed. The latter match well with a novel a-priori risk index, introduced with the aim of characterizing the seismic risk of each single municipality in the considered metropolitan area. The proposed procedure can be applied to any large urbanized territory and, allowing to identify the most vulnerable areas, can represent a useful tool to prioritize the allocation of funds. This could be a novelty for risk policies in many countries in which public subsidies are currently assigned on a case-by-case basis, taking into account only hazard and vulnerability. The use of an a-priori risk index in the allocation process will allow to take into due account the relevant role of exposure.

Resilience in the shadow of systemic risks

Systemic risks possess a high level of complexity and uncertainty that can be latent behind the veil of initial stress of possible disasters. They refer to, on the one hand, the functionality of interconnected systems and, on the other hand, the probability of indirect losses which can propagate through larger territories. Once considering the solid definition of resilience by the United Nations, the emphasis tends on systems’ ability to different facets of disturbance rather than the performance of the sum of each singular entity confronting the main shock. This paper aims to provide a broader perspective and a systematic review focusing on the commons of resilience and systemic risks in the frame of risk mitigation. The outcomes highlight the urgency of multidisciplinary actions, which have not been achieved yet since the 1999s earthquakes.

Imputed genomes and haplotype-based analyses of the Picts of early medieval Scotland reveal fine-scale relatedness between Iron Age, early medieval and the modern people of the UK.

There are longstanding questions about the origins and ancestry of the Picts of early medieval Scotland (ca. 300-900 CE), prompted in part by exotic medieval origin myths, their enigmatic symbols and inscriptions, and the meagre textual evidence. The Picts, first mentioned in the late 3rd century CE resisted the Romans and went on to form a powerful kingdom that ruled over a large territory in northern Britain. In the 9th and 10th centuries Gaelic language, culture and identity became dominant, transforming the Pictish realm into Alba, the precursor to the medieval kingdom of Scotland. To date, no comprehensive analysis of Pictish genomes has been published, and questions about their biological relationships to other cultural groups living in Britain remain unanswered. Here we present two high-quality Pictish genomes (2.4 and 16.5X coverage) from central and northern Scotland dated from the 5th-7th century which we impute and co-analyse with >8,300 previously published ancient and modern genomes. Using allele frequency and haplotype-based approaches, we can firmly place the genomes within the Iron Age gene pool in Britain and demonstrate regional biological affinity. We also demonstrate the presence of population structure within Pictish groups, with Orcadian Picts being genetically distinct from their mainland contemporaries. When investigating Identity-By-Descent (IBD) with present-day genomes, we observe broad affinities between the mainland Pictish genomes and the present-day people living in western Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Northumbria, but less with the rest of England, the Orkney islands and eastern Scotland-where the political centres of Pictland were located. The pre-Viking Age Orcadian Picts evidence a high degree of IBD sharing across modern Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Orkney islands, demonstrating substantial genetic continuity in Orkney for the last ~2,000 years. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA diversity at the Pictish cemetery of Lundin Links (n = 7) reveals absence of direct common female ancestors, with implications for broader social organisation. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the genetic affinities and population structure of the Picts and direct relationships between ancient and present-day groups of the UK.

UKRAINIAN TOURISM MARKET: ANALYSIS, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES

This article examines the Ukrainian tourism market and its potential for growth. Tourism is a specialized industry that aims to attract individuals for recreational or business purposes, generating revenue in the process. It plays a significant role in the global economy, and its establishment is relatively easier compared to other industries like agriculture or energy. Ukraine holds a unique position in this market due to its promising capabilities for further development. The article analyzes various factors that provide insights into the current state of the Ukrainian tourism market. These factors include conventional indicators such as exports and imports, as well as tourism-specific metrics like arrivals and departures, which reflect the flow of tourists into and out of the country. Additionally, other determinants are considered to gain a comprehensive understanding of the market's conditions. To assess the market's growth or decline, historical data is presented and compared with the current situation. Comparative data from other countries is also included to offer a broader perspective on global market trends and the factors influencing them. The data suggests that Ukraine has the potential to become a tourist-oriented country. However, this potential is not adequately reflected in the figures for exports or imports, which remain relatively low, even when compared to smaller nations. Nevertheless, indicators such as departures reveal significantly high numbers, surpassing those of much larger countries. This indicates a substantial demand for tourism among Ukrainian citizens, demonstrating their willingness to allocate financial resources to engage in such activities. Unfortunately, the tourism industry has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing conflict, leading to a sharp decline with no clear signs of a swift recovery to pre-pandemic levels. Overall, Ukraine has great potential to outgrow the tourism market, as it has a large territory to create the necessary infrastructure and a big demand from the population to spend on tourism. However, the situation is uncertain, and it is hard to predict what future lies for the market. With the implementation of the right reforms and more necessary foreign or government investment, the industry may improve, but it is still a long process to take.

Architectural Renovation of Industrial Buildings on the Example of Large Cities of Kazakhstan

The realities of the modern city dictate the conditions for the expansion of human habitats. A number of industrial buildings erected in the last century occupies large territories, often in the center of cities. This causes environmental and aesthetic problems. In the historical centers of large cities of Kazakhstan, the problem of industrial zones renovation is especial urgent. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the economic feasibility of such activities, their profitability, and ways to preserve the architectural ensemble of historical buildings. Moreover, one of the fundamental factors is the psychological component, that is, the need to preserver the history of industrial buildings. At the same time, it is necessary to modernize and renovate enterprises, move production out of the city, and preserve existing buildings, changing their function to a more relevant one, while forming a unique ecosystem. To resolve this issue, a government program of Kazakhstan was considered, which in every possible way contributes to the renovation policy. However, for its optimal implementation, it is necessary to consider economic aspects, select the best ways and methods of renovation, and also study foreign experience, critically compare it with domestic renovation projects and formulate recommendations necessary for the renovation of industrial buildings.

The economics of military innovation under anarchy: The case of the Ukrainian Civil War of 1917–1921

This paper argues that anarchic societies can successfully engage in military innovation. To do so, it explores the novel case of the Ukrainian civil war of 1917–21 and the anarchist movement of Nestor Makhno. The anarchists’ primary military innovation was the tachanka, a sprung-wheel cart that was pulled by four horses and featured a machine gun platform, which allowed for firing on the go. Tachanka formed the core of Makhno's army and enabled it to achieve a multitude of crushing victories against numerically superior state armies. Makhno's forces were able to successfully innovate for three reasons. First, the anarchists were incentivized to substitute innovative capital combinations for labor because of their small numbers and large territory to defend. Second, the anarchists used their local knowledge and spread their influence in southeastern Ukraine, the only region with an abundance of a specific asset needed for tachanka-centered innovation: the sprung-wheel cart. Third, the cooperation of Ukrainian peasants secured through social closeness and norms allowed the anarchists to create an innovative system of horse-changing stations, through which tachankas retained top mobility. My analysis adds to the literature on military innovation and innovation without the state, and it has implications for modern times, particularly amid the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as it shows that even with the potential for state collapse, military innovation can continue.

On land, life, and labour: Abundance and scarcity in Locke, Smith, and Ricardo

On land, life, and labour: Abundance and scarcity in Locke, Smith, and Ricardo

УСАДЬБЫ ВЫСШЕЙ ЗНАТИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА И БЛИЖНИХ УЕЗДОВ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В 18 – НАЧАЛЕ 20 ВЕКА

The heritage of the estates of Russia as a whole, including in the St. Petersburg province, is currently almost destroyed, therefore, the study of the topic related to the possibility of preserving the objects of manor architecture is especially relevant for the restoration scientific direction. The estates of the highest nobility occupy a special place in the history of architecture, but many especially unique manor complexes have remained only in memories, and most of the survivors have preserved only a small part of the buildings in poor condition. The study of the territories of historical St. Petersburg and its immediate surroundings covers hundreds of estates. Among them, dozens of very large and historically significant ones can be identified. The paper highlights a new type of historical estate objects on the territory of St. Petersburg and suburban counties of St. Petersburg province - "near estates of the highest nobility" (estates of representatives of the first 4 ranks in the table of ranks of the Russian Empire, characterized by particularly large territories - up to 200 hectares – and a particularly complex structure), which covered several belts the imperial capital and its surroundings. It is concluded, based on the analysis of the existing objects of protection, that they do not take into account the main features of such estates, since most often there are no urban planning and intangible components of the object of protection in them (objects of protection)

УСАДЬБЫ ВЫСШЕЙ ЗНАТИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГА И БЛИЖНИХ УЕЗДОВ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ В 18 – НАЧАЛЕ 20 ВЕКА

The heritage of the estates of Russia as a whole, including in the St. Petersburg province, is currently almost destroyed, therefore, the study of the topic related to the possibility of preserving the objects of manor architecture is especially relevant for the restoration scientific direction. The estates of the highest nobility occupy a special place in the history of architecture, but many especially unique manor complexes have remained only in memories, and most of the survivors have preserved only a small part of the buildings in poor condition. The study of the territories of historical St. Petersburg and its immediate surroundings covers hundreds of estates. Among them, dozens of very large and historically significant ones can be identified. The paper highlights a new type of historical estate objects on the territory of St. Petersburg and suburban counties of St. Petersburg province - "near estates of the highest nobility" (estates of representatives of the first 4 ranks in the table of ranks of the Russian Empire, characterized by particularly large territories - up to 200 hectares – and a particularly complex structure), which covered several belts the imperial capital and its surroundings. It is concluded, based on the analysis of the existing objects of protection, that they do not take into account the main features of such estates, since most often there are no urban planning and intangible components of the object of protection in them (objects of protection)

The correlation of the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan elements in the vocabulary of the Upper-Kama idiom

Introduction. The Upper-Kama dialect is one of the varieties of the Komi language, which is rather common in the Afanasyevsky area of the Kirov region. The dialect is an intermediate idiom between the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan languages. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan components in the lexical system of the dialect. Materials and Methods. The material for the study was collected during dialectological expeditions to the area of residence of the Kirov Permians in 2002–2012. It was collected from native speakers with a high level of language competence. The research was carried out using descriptive, comparative and statistical methods. Results and Discussion. The vocabulary of the Upper-Kama dialect is heterogeneous. The most numerous group of words common for the Komi-Permian and Komi-Zyryan dialects is distinguished. Lexemes in the Upper Kama dialects and at a larger territory in the Komi-Zyryan language, but are absent in the Komi-Permian one. There is also a group of words which correspondences are recorded in the southern Komi-Zyryan dialects: Mid-Sysola, Luza-Letka and mainly in the Upper-Sysola one. On the territory of the Upper-Kama idiom there are the lexemes, which isoglosses cover the Upper-Kama and Komi-Permian dialects. However, there are not so many similar Komi-Permian-Upper-Kama isoglosses; most of them can be found in the Zyryan dialects. As a result of the analysis of the texts in the Upper-Kama dialect, it turned out that the overwhelming majority of lexemes are found in all varieties of Komi languages. Conclusion. The analysis of the lexical composition of the Upper-Kama dialect has shown that the specified idiom cannot be unconditionally attributed to the Komi-Permian language, since the correlation of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permian lexical features in it is approximately the same.

Solving jointly districting and resource location and allocation problems: An application to the design of Emergency Medical Services

This paper proposes an integrated approach to jointly tackle districting and resource allocation decisions, two interrelated problems that, in most cases, are handled separately. The proposed approach is applied to the context of Emergency Medical Services (EMS), where a large territory needs to be covered by a limited number of resources, i.e., the ambulances. The territory is usually split into districts; each district receives a share of ambulances, which are managed quasi-independently. This paper focuses on the importance of districting decisions, which will impact daily operations and, therefore, the performance of the system. To address the districting and resource location and allocation problems jointly, it proposes an iterative algorithm that exploits the interaction between the strategic (i.e., the districting) and the operational (i.e., the location and allocation of resources) decisions to build compact and balanced districts and, at the same time, find the location and allocation of resources that maximize the performance in terms of system’s response time. Starting from an initial set of districts, the iterative algorithm solves the associated resource location and allocation problem for each of them. Then, according to the performance reached by the location–allocation solutions, the districts are modified. Applied to realistic instances inspired by the city of Montreal, Canada, the algorithm produced results that improved simultaneously the system’s expected response time and the metrics assessing the quality of the districts.

Geography matters for learning and innovation in natural resource-based activities: regional differences in technical linkages across Argentine agriculture

ABSTRACT Although innovation is present in all economic sectors, innovation surveys and empirical research are biased towards high-tech activities. Meanwhile, quantitative studies on agricultural innovation systems (AIS) usually neglect the regional dimension. As in many developing countries, Argentine agriculture seems to have evolved towards a new techno-productive paradigm, but no study has yet analyzed its geographical scope. This article proposes a regional-structural approach to study where, how and with whom technical linkages and interactive learning processes are developed. Using under-explored data from the 2018 National Agricultural Census and multivariate analysis techniques, the results reveal significant regional differences in technical linkages and show that the new techno-productive paradigm is limited to the Pampean region. While private sources of knowledge are mainly concentrated in central areas, technical linkages with public agencies are geographically widespread. Acknowledging these regional heterogeneities poses different policy challenges for promoting AIS in developing countries with large and diverse territories.

Hyperdominant Right Coronary Artery Occlusion Presenting with Acute Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction

This case report describes a 69-year-old male who presented with acute anterior myocardial infarction and was detected to have a hyperdominant right coronary artery (RCA) with a large posterior descending branch coursing from the posterior interventricular groove into the apical part of the anterior interventricular space and posterior left ventricular branch coursing in the left atrioventricular groove and supplying the entire free wall. Primary percutaneous intervention of the proximally occluded posterior descending artery resulted in resolution of ST-segment elevation in anterior and inferior leads and also revealed the large vascular territory of the RCA. The occurrence of superdominant RCA and intact left circumflex artery presenting with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction has not been described earlier. Precise morphological and physiological knowledge and evaluation of such a variation assists in opting for the best available therapeutic modality and prognosis.

Determination of Coordinates of Radio Emission Sources for a Satellite Radio Monitoring System Based on a Small Spacecraf

To date, within the framework of existing ground-based radio monitoring facilities, it is impossible to qualitatively perform the functions and tasks of radio monitoring. For countries with a large territory, such as the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is advisable to use low-orbit small spacecraft as radio monitoring stations to increase the efficiency of the radio monitoring system for the use of the radio frequency spectrum. The paper considers the developed method for determining the coordinates of a radio emission source based on the angle-measuring method. Algorithms are proposed and a computer program is compiled to determine the location of the radio source. The developed method can be used at the initial stages of the development of a radio monitoring system based on a single small spacecraft.