Large Fiber Research Articles

Emitting a large aperture coherent fiber laser array by a small footprint cascaded internal phase sensing system

Emitting a large aperture coherent fiber laser array by a small footprint cascaded internal phase sensing system

A Be star that turned bright and blue during a major outburst

Classical Be stars are rapidly rotating B-type stars exhibiting Balmer emission lines originating from circumstellar Keplerian gaseous disks, which likely form through episodic mass-ejection events. The currently favored model for Be star disks is the viscous decretion disk (VDD) model. However, the mechanism behind the mass ejection process during the formation of a VDD is a mystery. We present peculiar behavior of the Be star KIC 9715425, which exhibited several minor outbursts (MIBs) and one major outburst (MAB) observed as brightenings in broadband photometry, as well as transient H line emission. The variability may provide valuable keys to understanding the nature of Be outbursts. Based on Kepler the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN) and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) time-series photometry, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) spectroscopy, multi-wavelength observations in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and optical from Gaia Xinglong 2.16m telescope and Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) of KIC,9715425 covering its outbursts, we determined fundamental parameters of the central star and the circumstellar disk. A frequency analysis and spectral modeling were carried out to characterize the events. During the major outburst, we find a 36% flux increase in the GALEX NUV band compared to 25% in the Kepler band, suggesting that whatever produced the flux increase should be hotter than the central B-type star. This is contradictory to the conventional scenario that the VDD should be cooler. In addition, such a high flux increase can only be accounted for by a luminous disk, which should produce a much stronger Hα emission than observed. The origin of this anomalously hot component remains unexplained. Except for the bluing, the available observations of KIC 9715425 are perfectly compatible with being a normal Be star. If the bluing was physically related to the MAB, the most economical effort to identify the nature of the underlying process could be adaptive NUV and far-ultraviolet (FUV) monitoring of Be stars with cyclically repeating MABs.

Back-illuminated Light-spot-mapping Algorithm for Dual Rotation Robotic Fiber Positioners Based on an Artificial Probability Potential Field Method

Abstract Back-illuminated spot mapping is essential for observations with modern spectroscopic survey telescopes. In the fiber position detection system, after the fiber view camera (FVC) detects the positions of the light spots from the robotic fiber positioners (RFPs), these positions must be mapped to the RFPs individually to complete subsequent calculations of their operational data. The back-illuminated images captured by the FVC show thousands of small light spots, each only hundreds of microns in size, randomly distributed on a completely black background, making accurate one-to-one mapping to the actual RFP positions highly challenging due to the lack of additional RFP features. This study constructs an artificial probability potential field to calculate the likelihood of each light spot appearing in the patrol area of an RFP, employing a global probability potential energy optimization method to establish the optimal mapping relationship. The proposed method successfully maps all light spots in the closed-loop fiber positioning task and is ultimately applied to the fiber positioning system of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, achieving accurate mapping of 4000 RFPs on the focal plane. This algorithm effectively addresses challenges such as multitarget interference, uniform background, and RFP failures, providing a reliable approach for mapping the back-illuminated points of tens of thousands of dual-rotation RFPs without requiring special backlight designs in future spectral survey telescopes.

Sensory neuropathy in patients with Pompe disease: a case series in Iran

BackgroundPompe disease is a glycogen storage disease primarily affecting striated muscles. Despite its main manifestation in muscles, patients with Pompe disease may exhibit non-muscle symptoms, such as hearing loss, suggesting potential involvement of sensory organs or the nervous system due to glycogen accumulation.AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the presence of concomitant small and large fiber neuropathy in patients with Pompe disease.MethodsIn this case series study, nine patients with Pompe disease without complaints of neuropathy were evaluated. Small fiber neuropathy was assessed using the Small Fiber Neuropathy Screening List (SFNSL) and SUDOSCANR, while the sympathetic system was evaluated through Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR), and large fiber neuropathy was assessed through electrodiagnostic findings.ResultsSmall fiber neuropathy was detected in seven patients (77.8%) according to the SFNSL. Three patients (3/9, approximately 30%) exhibited positive electrophysiological tests, including SSR, SUDOSCANR, and nerve conduction studies for neuropathy. They also had positive SFNSL results.ConclusionsThis study indicates that neuropathy can be a comorbid condition in Pompe disease, emphasizing the importance of screening for this disabling condition.

Anatomical and Physicochemical Attributes of Endemic Medicinal Plant Species Vincetoxicum capparidifolium (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze, Apocynaceae

ABSTRACTVincetoxicum capparidifolium (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze [=Tylophora capparidifolia (Wight & Arn.) Kuntze], belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is a medicinal plant species endemic to the southern Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. The current study sought to investigate the macroscopic, organoleptic, microscopic, physicochemical, and proximate compositional aspects of the fresh and powdered leaf and stem portions of V. capparidifolium. The anatomical peculiarities of the leaf parts reveal a hypostomatic nature with paracytic stomata, the epidermis being made up of thin‐walled cells covered with a thick cuticle (5.9 μm), and the hypodermis comprising angular collenchyma cells. The petiole is oval/rounded‐ellipse with abundant nonglandular multicellular trichomes ascending from the epidermis. The hypodermis is composed of collenchymatous cells containing many calcium oxalate crystals and silica bodies. Bicollateral vascular bundles with internal and external phloem characterize the leaf, stem, and petiole parts. The stem is covered by a thin cuticle, chlorenchymatous hypodermis, and large gelatinous fiber bundles (124.29 × 81.71 μm). Secondary growth in the stem is characterized by the development of periderm and lignified vascular tissues. Bicollateral vascular bundles are overlaid by irregular sclerenchyma patches (7.07 × 5.36 μm), a parenchymatous cortex, and pith composed of thin‐walled parenchyma cells. Scanning electron microscopic study of powdered plant parts disclosed the presence of fiber in the stem and a trace outline of leaf epidermal cells. X‐ray diffraction analysis specified indefinite crystallinity in the plant powder (57.038–69.500 nm). Thorough examination of pH, ash content, and percentage of crude lipid confirms that V. capparidifolium exhibits sufficient quality and purity.

Mining Double-line Spectroscopic Candidates in the LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectroscopic Survey Using a Human–AI Hybrid Method

We utilize a hybrid approach that integrates the traditional cross-correlation function (CCF) and machine learning to detect spectroscopic multiple star systems, specifically focusing on double-line spectroscopic binaries (SB2s). Based on the ninth data release (DR9) of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), which includes a medium-resolution survey (MRS) containing 29,920,588 spectra, we identify 27,164 double-line and 3124 triple-line spectra, corresponding to 7096 SB2 candidates and 1903 triple-line spectroscopic binary (SB3) candidates, respectively, representing about 1% of the selected data set from LAMOST-MRS DR9. Notably, 70.1% of the SB2 candidates and 89.6% of the SB3 candidates are newly identified. Compared to using only the traditional CCF technique, our method significantly improves the efficiency of detecting SB2s, saving time on visual inspections by a factor of 4.

Diabetic small fiber neuropathy: clinical and electrophysiological study

Abstract Background Diabetic neuropathy is diagnosed late due to lack of easy and readily available biomarkers; early identification can prompt proper interventions before the irreversible large fiber damage. The aim of this study is to assess small fiber dysfunction using cutaneous silent period (CSP) and sympathetic skin response (SSR) tests in patients with diabetic small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and compare results with clinical, neuropathy severity and quality of life measures. A total of 45 subjects were classified into: Group I: diabetic patients with pure SFN, group II: diabetic patients with mixed fiber neuropathy, and group III: healthy subjects. All underwent evaluation by anthropometric, clinical and quality of life measures, electrophysiological evaluation by CSP and SSR and distal leg skin biopsy. Results Age and gender distribution did not significantly differ between the studied groups. Both patients’ groups showed comparable poor quality of life in relation to healthy subjects. CSP onset latencies and SSR amplitudes significantly correlated with studied clinical and severity measures, but neither correlate with each other in diabetic pure SFN patients. Both CSP and SSR measures were specific in diagnosing diabetic pure SFN, but mostly with poor sensitivity. Combining sensitivities of different CSP and SSR measures improved the overall sensitivity to early screen for SFN in diabetic patients. Conclusions Both CSP and SSR may have the potential to early detect diabetic pure SFN. Suspected diabetic patients with SFN should be separately screened for both somatosensory and sudomotor/autonomic affection.

Deep learning-based prediction approaches of binary star parameters

The precise computation of binary star parameters is crucial for understanding their formation, evolution, and dynamics. However, large datasets of available astronomical measurements require substantial effort for computing using classic astronomical methods. Deep learning (DL) is a promising approach that can provide a proper solution for estimating the parameters and reducing the burden of the lengthy procedures of astronomical computations. This study proposes two DL-based models for estimating binary star parameters. The first is the well-known multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model, whereas the second is based on long short-term memory (LSTM). We rely on databases, such as large sky multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope area (LAMOST), to train the proposed models. In addition, we verify the training ratio showing that the performance of both models at a low training ratio of 30%, based on the mean square error (MSE), results in acceptable performance. Furthermore, the LSTM-based DL model outperforms the conventional MLP for different training ratios. Eventually, the two models have superiority compared to the benchmark methods.

Microstructurally informed subject-specific parcellation of the corpus callosum using axonal water fraction.

The corpus callosum (CC) is the most important interhemispheric white matter (WM) structure composed of several anatomically and functionally distinct WM tracts. Resolving these tracts is a challenge since the callosum appears relatively homogenous in conventional structural imaging. Commonly used callosal parcellation methods such as Hofer and Frahm scheme rely on rigid geometric guidelines to separate the substructures that are limited to consider individual variation. Here we present a novel subject-specific and microstructurally-informed method for callosal parcellation based on axonal water fraction (ƒ) known as a diffusion metric reflective of axon caliber and density. We studied 30 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project dataset with multi-shell diffusion MRI. The biophysical parameter ƒ was derived from compartment-specific WM modeling. Inflection points were identified where there were concavity changes in ƒ across the CC to delineate callosal subregions. We observed relatively higher ƒ in anterior and posterior areas known to consist of a greater number of small diameter fibers and lower ƒ in posterior body areas of the CC known to consist of a greater number of large diameter fibers. Based on the degree of change in ƒ along the callosum, seven callosal subregions were consistently delineated for each individual. Therefore, this method provides microstructurally informed callosal parcellation in a subject-specific way, allowing for more accurate analysis in the corpus callosum.

Defective flux and splicing abnormality restoration of stellar spectra in LAMOST based on deep learning

Abstract Sky surveys such as the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope can capture numerous spectra. However, many factors in astronomical observations, such as observation conditions and instrumental effects, can degrade spectrum quality, resulting in defective fluxes and splicing abnormality. These factors significantly reduce the precision of scientific information extracted from such spectra. In the past, these flux values were considered unreliable and their utilization was low. Thus, it is crucial to develop and utilize spectra restoration algorithms to improve spectra quality and enable further scientific exploration. Unfortunately, few research has been done on these low-quality spectra. In this paper, we propose a novel spectrum restoration algorithm, which is called the Anomaly Spectra Restoration Generative Adversarial Nets (Anomaly_GANs) based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The experiment shows that the performance of Anomaly_GANs is better than those of other methods concerning spectrum restoration. Therefore, our method can serve as an effective approach for spectrum restoration, providing a suitable replacement for previous methods.

Comparison of Clinical and Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Peripheral Neuropathy in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Parkinson's Disease: An Observational Study.

Although widely described in Parkinson's disease (PD), peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is scarcely reported in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We aimed to compare the frequency, clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of PNP in PSP and PD patients. This cross-sectional study included 23 PSP and 93 PD patients. Demographic data, Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (MDS-UPDRS-III), Hoehn-Yahr staging, Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score, nerve conduction study (NCS), and sympathetic skin response (SSR) were recorded. Diagnosing isolated large fiber neuropathy required abnormal NCS. Isolated small fiber neuropathy required clinical findings of pinprick and thermal sensory loss and/or allodynia and/or hyperalgesia with/without impaired SSR, along with normal NCS. PNP was commoner in PSP than PD (65.2% vs. 50.5%, P = 0.21). While a comparable proportion in both groups had clinical neuropathy, NCS abnormalities predominated in PSP (65.2% vs. 39.8%, P = 0.03). All patients had distal symmetrical axonal polyneuropathy. A significantly higher proportion of PSP patients had large fiber involvement (65.21% vs. 39.78%, χ2 = 4.82; P = 0.03) and mixed fiber PNP (60.9% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.01). PSP patients with neuropathy had a significantly shorter disease duration [median (interquartile range {IQR} = 2 (2-3) years vs. 6 (3-9) years, P < 0.001], higher MDS-UPDRS-III score [median (IQR) = 47 (36-54) vs. 34 (28-49), P = 0.049], higher Hoehn-Yahr stage [median (IQR) = 4 (2-5) vs. 3 (1-5), P < 0.001], and shorter duration of levodopa use [median (IQR) = 2 (1-2) years vs. 3.5 (2-5) years, P = 0.006]. NCS parameters were comparable between PSP and PD patients with neuropathy. While PNP in PSP was not associated with any of the clinical variables, a longer disease duration was independently associated with PNP in PD. PNP affected two-thirds of PSP patients and was more prevalent than PD. Both groups had distal symmetrical axonal polyneuropathy, with mixed fiber PNP predominating in PSP. A longer disease duration in PD was associated with PNP.

Improving Perception Threshold Tracking for Rapid Evaluation of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Accurate assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is essential to prevent further complications, yet current methods have limitations. Perception threshold tracking (PTT) offers promise as a novel approach for rapid evaluation of both large and small fiber dysfunction. To enhance efficiency, this study explores the Psi method compared to the Method of Limits (MoL) in estimating perception thresholds. The aim is to assess agreement, uncertainty, and the number of stimuli required for adequate estimation by each method. Forty-three participants with diabetes underwent an estimated sural nerve conduction study, quantitative sensory testing, vibration perception threshold testing, and PTT. PTT utilized both patch and pin electrode configurations to activate large and small fibers, respectively. The uncertainty of perception thresholds was estimated as the inverse slope of the psychometric functions. Perception thresholds were significantly higher for the patch electrode (2.5 [2.1-3.0] mA) compared to the pin electrode (0.71 [0.56-0.91] mA; rmANOVA, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a non-significant 3.3% bias between the methods, but wide limits of agreement (-42%-84%). Uncertainty was lower for the Psi method (0.80 [0.58;1.11] mA) compared to MoL (2.0 [1.2;2.9] mA; rmANOVA, p < 0.005). The Psi method achieved acceptable perception threshold estimation with only 30 stimuli. At the group level, the MoL and Psi methods produced similar perception thresholds. However, the Psi method required fewer stimuli and yielded less uncertainty in perception threshold estimation compared to MoL. Future studies should prioritize the Psi method for its efficiency and reliability.

An Empirical Sample of Spectra of M-type Stars with Homogeneous Atmospheric-parameter Labels

The discrepancies between theoretical and observed spectra, and the systematic differences between various spectroscopic parameter estimates, complicate the determination of atmospheric parameters of M-type stars. In this work, we present an empirical sample of 5105 M-type star spectra with homogeneous atmospheric parameter labels through stellar-label transfer and sample cleaning. We addressed systematic discrepancies in spectroscopic parameter estimates by adopting recent results for Gaia EDR3 stars as a reference standard. Then, we used a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise to remove unreliable samples in each subgrid of parameters. To confirm the reliability of the stellar labels, a five-layer neural network was utilized, randomly partitioning the samples into training and testing sets. The standard deviations between the predicted and actual values in the testing set are 14 K for T eff, 0.06 dex for logg, and 0.05 dex for [M/H], respectively. In addition, we conducted an internal cross validation to enhance validation and obtained precisions of 11 K, 0.05 dex, and 0.05 dex for T eff, logg, and [M/H], respectively. A grid of 1365 high-signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra and their labels, selected from the empirical sample, was utilized in the stellar parameter pipeline for M-type stars of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), producing an almost seamless Kiel distribution diagram for LAMOST DR10 and DR11 data. The atmospheric parameters for M-type stars from LAMOST DR11 show improved precision compared to the data from DR9, with improvements (for spectra with S/N higher than 10) from 118 to 67 K in T eff, 0.2 to 0.07 dex in logg, and 0.29 to 0.14 dex in [M/H].

A photometric and spectroscopic study of eight semi-detached eclipsing binaries

Context. Semi-detached eclipsing binaries offer an exceptional opportunity to validate the evolutionary models of interacting binaries. This entails determining the absolute parameters and evaluating the evolutionary status of the binary components through simultaneous analysis of both light and radial velocity curves. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) provides high-precision light curves, while the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope Medium-Resolution spectroscopic Survey (LAMOST MRS) offers multi-epoch observations. The combination of these data enhances the accuracy of deriving precise parameters for binary systems. Aims. The aim of this study is to estimate the absolute parameters of semi-detached binary components, offer potential explanations for their evolutionary status, and investigate long-term variations in orbital periods to explore their underlying causes. Methods. By cross-matching the eclipsing binary catalogue from TESS with that from LAMOST MRS, semi-detached eclipsing binaries with radial velocities spanning more than 0.3 phases were authenticated. The absolute parameters for these systems were determined by simultaneous modelling of light curves and radial velocities using the Wilson-Devinney programme. Additionally, the secular orbital variations were further analysed using O–C curves. Results. Eight semi-detached eclipsing binaries have been identified. Among them, seven contain primary stars situated within the main-sequence band, while their secondaries are all in evolved stages. This suggests that these systems likely originated as detached binaries and have undergone a reversal of the mass ratio. However, TIC 428257299 is an exception where the primary is Roche lobe-filling, and its secondary has experienced mass loss events. Additionally, TIC 8677671 and TIC 318217844 demonstrate secular cyclical variations in orbital periods. Specifically, for TIC 8677671, the cyclical change could result from magnetic activity or a third body that is likely to be compact, with a mass of at least 2.97 M⊙.

Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries from the LAMOST Low-resolution Survey

We report on a data-driven spectral model that we have developed for the identification of double-lined spectroscopic binary stars (SB2s) in the Large Sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope low-resolution survey (R ∼ 1800). Employing simultaneous fitting with both single-star and binary-star models, we detected over 4800 SB2 candidates, where both components are detectably contributing to the spectrum, from an initial pool of 2.6 million objects. Tests show that our model favors FGK-type main-sequence binaries with high mass ratio (q ≥ 0.7) and large radial velocity (RV) separation (ΔRV ≥ 100 km s−1). Almost all of these candidates are positioned above the main sequence in the color–magnitude diagram, indicating their binary nature. Additionally, we utilized various observational data, including spectroscopy, photometry, parallax, and extinction, to determine multiple physical parameters such as the effective temperature, age, metallicity, RV, mass, mass ratio, stellar radius, along with their associated uncertainties for these SB2 candidates. For the 44 candidates with seven or more observational epochs, we provide complete orbital solutions. We make available catalogs containing various stellar parameters for identified SB2 systems.

Spectroscopic and photometric study for five late G- to K-type short-period contact binaries

We reported spectroscopy and photometry for five ultra-short period W UMa-type contact binaries. Eleven sets of low resolution spectra are obtained from the Large Sky Area Multiobject Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) database and analyzed. It has been determined that these systems are late G- to K-type stars: G7V for J0658, G9V for LINEAR 3562115, K0V for PS Com, and K5V for LINEAR 11570575. Additionally, it was observed that the cooler the star, the stronger the sodium absorption line. Seven sets of complete light curves, including two sets of TESS data for PS Com and V0568 Peg, were analyzed using the W-D code. All the five targets are W-subtype systems with mass ratios (q) greater than 1. The light curves of the two medium contact systems (J0658 and LINEAR 11570575) are symmetric. In contrast, the light curves of the three shallow contact binaries (LINEAR 3562115, PS Com, and V0568 Peg) show differences between their two maxima, Max.I and Max.II, suggesting the presence of cool or hot spots on their surfaces. According to the H-R diagram, the more massive components of these targets are situated between the ZAMS and TAMS, while the less massive ones are overheated due to energy transfer within the common envelope. As these binaries lose angular momentum, they will evolve into deep, low mass ratio contact binaries.

Comparison of rose bengal-green light scleral crosslinking in rabbit eyes using different infiltration protocols - An Ex Vivo study

Different concentrations and infiltration times of rose bengal (Rb) were assessed for their impact on penetration depth and crosslinking efficacy in rabbit sclera. Fresh rabbit eyes were used. Rb solution with concentrations of 0.1%–0.9% were applied for 5–30 min to infiltrate the sclera. The penetration depth of Rb was observed with confocal microscopy. After infiltration, the sclera was irradiated by green light for crosslinking. The sclera's biomechanical stiffness and the resistance to enzyme digestion post-treatment were evaluated. Histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscopy were performed to observe the morphology. As the infiltration time increased, the penetration depth and the fluorescence intensity of the Rb in sclera increased. After 32 h, 48.6% of the scleral tissue was undissolved in the 0.5% Rb-10min group, followed by the 0.1% Rb-20min group (13.8%) and 0.05% Rb-30min group (7.7%). At 8% strain, the Young's modulus of the 0.05%Rb-30min, the 0.1% Rb-20min and the 0.5% Rb-10min group were respectively 1.77, 2.45 and 3.19 times greater than that of the untreated group. There were no morphological differences between the experimental group and the untreated group. RG-SXL significantly increased the diameter of large collagen fibers in the middle and inner layers of the sclera. Ultimately, 0.5% Rb infiltration for 10 min achieves an appropriate infiltration depth and crosslinking effect, and may thus be a feasible schedule for scleral crosslinking.

Optimization of Porous Transport Layers in PEM Electrolyzers Using Pore Network Modeling with Combinations of Fiber Size and Volumetric Fractions

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers as a promising technology in addressing climate change challenges and facilitating the development of renewable energy sources at lower costs. They offer clean operation and scalability, making them a valuable tool for harnessing energy without leaving any carbon footprint. However, a key challenge to widespread PEM electrolyzer adoption is the cost of the porous transport layer (PTL). In this study, we address this challenge by utilizing stochastic modeling to develop 3D PTL models numerically. To optimize the structural and transport properties of the PTL, we explored a range of combinations for the radius (2, 3, 4, 5 µm) and volumetric fraction (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) of small fibers dispersed within a matrix of large fibers (6 µm) (Figure 1). The structural properties (e.g., mean surface roughness, specific surface area) were analyzed numerically, whereas transport properties (e.g., thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and diffusivity) were analyzed via pore network modeling. Before further analysis, our model was validated against both experimental and numerical results from previous research works. In our study, we observed that increasing the volumetric fraction of small fibers, while decreasing their radius, led to reduced surface roughness and higher thermal and electrical conductivity. However, this came at the cost of increased tortuosity, which hindered the diffusion and permeability of the material. Conversely, PTLs with a higher volumetric fraction of large fibers exhibited the opposite trend.By combining these insights, we developed customized multi-layer PTLs. These PTLs have a small fiber radius at the catalyst side and a large fiber radius at the flow-field side. This design leverages the advantages of both small and large fiber radii. Our customized multi-layer PTLs demonstrated improved gas removal, higher electrical conductivity, and better heat dissipation while maintaining good surface contact area and reduced roughness. To utilize the benefits of our modeled multi-layer PTL in an electrolyzer cell, the volumetric fractions of the fiber radius should be adjusted based on operating conditions. By tailoring the fiber characteristics and PTL geometries, we can develop optimized PTL models that can be scaled to real-time PEM electrolyzer setups for renewable energy generation, paving the way for a better future. Figure 1

KIC 6362386: An Eclipsing Binary with γ Doradus–type Pulsations and Starspots

KIC 6362386 is an eclipsing binary system that exhibits both γ Doradus (γ Dor)–type pulsations and starspots. In this study, we investigated this binary system using the Kepler photometry and the spectroscopic data from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. After employing the PHOEBE program for light-curve and radial-velocity-curve synthesis, analyses reveal that the binary is a circle (e ∼ 0.0006), has a small mass ratio (q ∼ 0.311), and is a detached system consisting of an F-type primary star and an M-type secondary star with masses and radii of M 1 = 1.43 ± 0.13 M ⊙, R 1 = 1.68 ± 0.08 R ⊙ and M 2 = 0.44 ± 0.18 M ⊙, R 2 = 0.46 ± 0.06 R ⊙, respectively. Utilizing the Padova isochrone, we estimate the age of the binary system to be 1.58−0.13+0.15 Gyr. By analyzing the out-of-eclipse residuals, we identify variations in the residuals attributed to both starspots and stellar pulsations. The autocorrelation function analysis indicates the decay time of starspots is approximately 37 days with the rotation period aligning with the orbital period. Considering the masses, radii, and positions of the two components on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, we deduce that the γ Dor–type g-mode pulsations came from the primary star where the main frequency is 0.1642c/d. Consequently, KIC 6362386 becomes a valuable target for the investigation of γ Dor–type pulsations and asteroseismology in a binary system.

Understanding neuropathic pain: the role of neurophysiological tests in unveiling underlying mechanisms

AbstractNeuropathic pain, arising from lesions of the somatosensory nervous system, presents with diverse symptoms including ongoing pain, paroxysmal pain, and provoked pain, usually accompanied by sensory deficits. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these symptoms is crucial for targeted treatment strategies. Neurophysiological techniques such as nerve conduction studies, reflexes, and evoked potentials help elucidate these mechanisms by assessing large myelinated non-nociceptive fibres and small nociceptive fibres. This argumentative review highlights the importance of tailored neurophysiological assessments for improving our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neuropathic pain symptoms.