Large Audience Research Articles

The German Status Report on Climate Change and Health 2023

Abstract The German Status Report on Climate Change and Health was coordinated by the Robert Koch Institute, Germany’s public health institute, and published in 2023 through a collaboration of approximately 100 authors from 30 German institutions. It is an update of a similar report from 2010 and includes review articles and syntheses on the effects of climate change on human health through various influences such as heat, extreme weather, UV radiation, air pollutants and allergens, as well as the effect of climate change on infectious diseases through vector-borne, water-borne or food-borne pathogens. Literature reviews on the potential impact on antimicrobial resistance and mental health explore less well researched effects of climate change on health. The report discusses climate change communication and climate justice as cross-cutting issues and closes with an analysis of the options for action recommended throughout the preceding chapters. While the coordination of this report was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Health, the content was compiled by an advisory board of scientists and the authors recruited by them. The status report is published as 14 individual scientific papers in three issues of the peer-reviewed Journal of Health Monitoring and is available open access in English and in German in order to reach a large scientific audience. Besides the scientific audience, another target group are local authorities contributing towards adaptation and mitigation measures. Insights from the report are being communicated by diverse channels specifically to this latter group and are taken into consideration in the process of shaping the German Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change.

Reputation Burning: Analyzing the Impact of Brand Sponsorship on Social Influencers

The growth of the influencer marketing industry warrants an empirical examination of the effect of posting sponsored videos on influencers’ reputations. We collected a novel data set of user-generated YouTube videos created by prominent English-speaking influencers in the beauty and style category. We extracted a rich set of theory-driven video features and used DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux reweighting to construct comparable treatment and control groups matched at the influencer-video level. The empirical analysis of the matched sample revealed a reputation-burning effect; that is, posting a sponsored video, compared with posting an equivalent organic video, cost the influencers 0.19% of their reputation (operationalized as the number of subscribers). The reputation-burning effect was stronger among the influencers with larger audiences. An analysis of likes, comments, and comment texts revealed a larger gap in audience response between sponsored and organic videos among the influencers with larger (versus smaller) audiences. The reputation-burning effect was mitigated when a high fit existed between the sponsored content and the influencer’s “usual” content and when the promoted brand was less well known. Our study empirically tested the assumption of several theoretical works. Moreover, it contributes to the literature on influencer marketing and celebrity endorsements and provides managerial implications for influencers, brands, and social media platforms. This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems. Funding: This research was supported by funding provided by Harvard Business School. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00193 .

Special Issue on Informatics Education: Vanderbilt Clinical Informatics Center Education Strategy: To Infinity and Beyond!

The Vanderbilt Clinical Informatics Center (VCLIC) is based in the Department of Biomedical Informatics (DBMI) and operates across Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and Vanderbilt University (VU) with a goal of enabling and supporting clinical informatics research and practice. VCLIC supports several types of applied clinical informatics teaching, including teaching of students in courses, professional education for staff and faculty throughout VUMC, and workshops and conferences that are open to the public. In this paper, we provide a detailed accounting of our center and institution's methods of educating and training faculty, staff, students, and trainees from across the academic institution and health system on clinical informatics topics, including formal training programs and informal applied learning sessions. Through a host of informal learning events, such as workshops, seminars, conference-style events, bite-size instructive videos, and hackathons, as well as several formal education programs, such as the Clinical Informatics Graduate Course, Master's in Applied Clinical Informatics, Medical Student Integrated Science Course, Graduate Medical Education Elective, and Fellowship in Clinical Informatics, VCLIC and VUMC provide opportunities for faculty, students, trainees, and even staff to engage with Clinical Informatics topics and learn related skills. The described programs have trained hundreds of participants from across the academic and clinical enterprises. Of the VCLIC-held events, the majority of attendees indicated through surveys that they were satisfied, with the average satisfaction score being 4.63/5, and all events averaging a satisfaction score of greater than 4. Across the 20 events VCLIC has held, our largest audiences are DBMI, HealthIT operational staff, and students from the medical and nursing schools. VCLIC has created and delivered a successful suite of formal and informal educational events and programs to disseminate clinical informatics knowledge and skills to learners across the academic institution and healthcare system.

Exploring the landscape of automated species identification apps: Development, promise, and user appraisal

Abstract Two decades ago, Gaston and O'Neill (2004) deliberated on why automated species identification had not become widely employed. We no longer have to wonder: This AI-based technology is here, embedded in numerous web and mobile apps used by large audiences interested in nature. Now that automated species identification tools are available, popular, and efficient, it is time to look at how the apps are developed, what they promise, and how users appraise them. Delving into the automated species identification apps landscape, we found that free and paid apps differ fundamentally in presentation, experience, and the use of biodiversity and personal data. However, these two business models are deeply intertwined. Going forward, although big tech companies will eventually take over the landscape, citizen science programs will likely continue to have their own identification tools because of their specific purpose and their ability to create a strong sense of belonging among naturalist communities.

Relationship Between Social Media Marketing of Food and Health of Youth

Social media is now a strong tool for promoting goods and influencing consumer behavior in the food business. Social media marketing for food has an influence that goes beyond simply increasing brand awareness of eatables. It influences our preferences, decisions, and even our health. Globally active social media platforms have billions of users giving food enterprises a large audience. This study aims to quantify the results of social media marketing. To acquire data, rational and inventive methods have been used (Abbas et al., 2019). The survey was done to assess and investigate the effects of social media marketing on Faisalabad city audiences. This goal is achieved through a creative, logical, and organized data collection process.

Quality and reliability analysis of migraine Botox treatment information on YouTube.

YouTube (YT) is one of the world's most well recognized video-sharing platforms that appeals to large audiences and is used by individuals to educate themselves on disease diagnosis and treatment alternatives and to distribute health-related information. Videos were searched by typing the terms "migraine botox" and "botox treatment for migraine" on the YT search bar in English. A total of 50 videos were evaluated for each term. Two independent researchers viewed the videos and documented pertinent descriptive attributes of each video, such as the upload date, number of comments, number of dislikes, number of likes, and views. The videos were analyzed and the DISCERN Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) quality, and reliability scores were recorded. A total of 100 videos were assessed. The mean DISCERN score was 3.09, the mean JAMA score was 2.11, and the mean GQS score was 3.25. According to the source, 32% of the videos were uploaded by university/nonprofit physicians or professional organizations. In addition, when the DISCERN, GQS, and JAMA scores of the videos uploaded by health professionals were examined, a statistically significant difference was observed (P = .002, P = .015, and P = .002, respectively). However, no statistically significant relationship was found for the Video Popularity Index score. The reliability and quality scores of the evaluated videos uploaded by healthcare professionals for migraine Botox treatment were high, but the frequency of viewership was low. In our analysis of migraine Botox treatment videos on YT, we observed that the information on migraine Botox treatment had a wide spectrum, high-quality content, and that there were videos that may mislead viewers. In conclusion, we believe that the platform is not sufficient in its entirety, and that it should be supported with renewed, fact-checked, easy-to-understand language, and video-duration optimized videos.

Utilizing AI for Effective Scholarly Communication in Social Media

The academic community can reach a new height with the integration of social media into scholarly communication. With social media offering vast potential for knowledge sharing and peer interaction, this is achievable. Knowledge Sharing can be done in many ways; scholarly communication is one such way where the findings of research and new insights are disseminated to a large audience. This article explores scholarly communication through social media and its benefits. This article also attempts to show how scholars can use Artificial Intelligence (AI) for scholarly communication effectively through social media shortly. Artificial intelligence can be effectively used as a powerful tool to tackle the challenges scholars face in sharing research outcomes and ideas on social media.

Commemorating festive performances in popular print in sixteenth‐century Italy☆

AbstractThe aim of this article is to show that the popular print sold and distributed during and after festive events, such as Carnival, had an impact on the commemoration and shaping of festive culture in early modern Italy. That is, the mass medium of print that had begun to shape European cultures, especially in Italy where Venice was one of Europe's first major printing centres, created festive pamphlets and small books that were attractive for individuals in various cities in Northern and Central Italy. This becomes apparent not only from the sources themselves but also from the connections that exist between these sources and historical and theatrical contexts. A study of popular print related to festive events addresses the most important criticisms of festival studies, namely that festivals were primarily local affairs, which would prevent researchers from making a meaningful contribution to festive culture studies on a larger scale. This article aims to overcome this by studying a selection of affordable pamphlets and small books, presenting the Carnivalesque text La guerra di Carnovale contro la Quaresima, which was intended for large audiences.

Mass Media and Communication

Mass communication can be defined as the process of using mass media to send messages to large audiences for the purpose of informing, entertaining or persuading. In many respects the process of mass communication and other communication are same. Someone conceives a message, essentially an intrapersonal act. The message then is encoded into a common code such as language. Then it is transmitted. Another person receives the message, decodes it and internalizes it. In other respects, mass communication is distinctive. Crafting an effective message for thousands of people of diverse backgrounds and interest requires different skills than chatting with a friend across the table. Encoding the message is more complex because a device is always used, for example a camera or recorder. We shall first take up the print media because that happens to be the original type of mass media in India. We shall then give an account of radio, film and TV as media of mass communication in India, their spread, reach, people’s access to these media and their impact on the society. New technologies made their entry during 1970s and 1980s. They are video, cable and satellite TV.

Analysis of Language Style in Food and Beverage Advertising Slogans and Their Recommendations as Teaching Materials For Advertising Texts in SMP

The purpose of this study is to characterize the linguistic styles used in online slogans for food and beverage products. The numerous food and beverage product ads that use catchy slogans to attract large audiences served as the inspiration for this study. In order to assess the data and provide descriptive conclusions, this study employs a qualitative descriptive method. The study's findings indicate that the slogans of online ads for food and drink products contain many linguistic styles, such as personification, metaphor, hyperbole, and repetition. By presenting the language styles that have been discovered into teaching materials, the study's findings can be used to create advertising text learning handouts for junior high school students in grades VIII. This will help students understand the language styles used in advertising slogans.

Metal Meets Green: A Multifaceted Exploration of Sustainability Perceptions at Heavy Metal Music Festivals

The enduring presence of heavy metal music spanning multiple decades has generated a large global audience of devoted fans. Within Europe, renowned metal music festivals such as Wacken Open Air and Rock am Ring in Germany have solidified the genre's influence. Although scholarly research has explored metal music festivals and their attendees, there has been a noticeable gap in the examination of sustainability aspects within this domain. Consequently, this work undertakes a quantitative investigation into the social, environmental, and economic impacts within the context of metal music festivals, focusing on four key stakeholder groups: festival organizers, attendees, musicians, and volunteer workers (n = 742). To gain insights, an online survey was conducted to respondents, presenting them with questions pertaining to various aspects of environmental, social, and economic sustainability. These stakeholders were asked to assess these issues based on their individual perspectives. Subsequently, the collected data underwent explorative factor analysis utilizing maximum likelihood estimation, leading to the identification of eight distinct factors: perceptions of social behavior at metal music festivals, environmental responsibility, financial responsibility, environmental and social responsibility, sense of community, environmental and economic impacts, perceptions of volunteer work, and economic impacts. This study's findings revealed noteworthy disparities across all sectors, offering a comprehensive perspective on current sustainability practices and challenges within metal music festivals. By highlighting inconsistencies, this research underscores the need for festival organizers to critically evaluate their events and consider avenues for improvement in sustainability practices.

The Power of Laughter: Emotional and Ideological Gratification in Media

This study examines the role of laughter in media content, focusing on traditional non-humorous entertainment talk shows with hosts, guests and a studio audience. The analysis, which documents over 20,000 instances of laughter in just 60 episodes (one laugh every 20 s), highlights the central role of laughter in this reality. The study concludes that: (1) hosts laughed more than guests and studio audiences; (2) in the programmes analysed, female hosts generated almost twice as much laughter as male hosts; (3) laughter followed a recognisable ‘U-shaped’ pattern, peaking at the beginning and end of the programme; (4) jokes with sexual connotations elicited the highest levels of laughter; (5) public service episodes had fewer instances of laughter; and (6) the programme with the host who laughed the most had the largest audience. In conclusion, laughter provides not only emotional, but also ideological gratification, based on the (post)modern concept of happiness.

To go big, we have to go home: building foundations for the future of community-engaged and public-facing research in linguistics

Abstract In this article, we discuss various public-facing scholarly activities we have engaged in and how these initiatives have reached large audiences to widely spread messages about language and linguistic equity and inclusion. We provide guidance for how to launch, coordinate, and carry out public outreach initiatives and community-engaged research, how to navigate potential pitfalls and position these efforts for success, and how to demonstrate the direct value and relevance of the work. We also offer strategies and advice for other linguists engaging in public outreach endeavors, especially with regard to connecting community-engaged work with teaching and research for maximal impact within the scholarly ecosystem. Community-engaged research and public-facing initiatives are best conceptualized and undertaken in comprehensive, intentional, informed by, and planned in ways that align with best practices in the literature and integrated into the scholarly enterprise. We assert that public-facing work is critical to the relevance and impact of linguistics and higher education. Most importantly, public-facing work that makes insights from research relevant to the public can help advance the broader goal of education for social impact and the public good.

HALK EĞİTİMİ MERKEZLERİNDE GÖREV YAPAN MÜZİK EĞİTİMCİLERİNİN KURS PROGRAM VE SÜRELERİNE İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ

Public education centers are among the institutions that attract great interest from individuals who want to receive music education in our country, and the demand for these institutions is increasing day by day. Music education in these institutions is provided through course programs determined by the General Directorate of Lifelong Learning. It is necessary to obtain the opinions of music educators, who can reach large audiences through public education centers, regarding course programs and durations in order to increase the quality of music education by making necessary improvements on the subject. The sample of the research consists of 30 volunteer music educators working in public education centers in the central districts of Ankara. The study is a qualitative study and a two-part semi-structured interview form consisting of demographic information and 2 open-ended questions was used to collect the data, prepared by taking two separate expert opinions. According to the research findings, it has been determined that music educators working in public education centers are mostly master teachers and a significant portion of them are graduates of fields other than music. According to the data obtained, it was determined that the majority of music educators found the course programs and durations inadequate. Keywords: Public Education Center, Music Education.

Endure, Join Them, or Leave?

Mobile free-to-play games need to reach large audiences, yet the acquisition of these players has become increasingly challenging. One of the main ways to reach new audiences is advertising. Some game companies have started to depend on provocative and misleading advertising to gain the viewer’s attention and lure players to their games. Especially as these advertisements often have wide exposure, representations in them are an important and interesting target to explore. This study investigates advertisements from two games targeted at women, Project Makeover and Matchington Mansion. The results show that, while the advertisements do show some diversity in some areas, the content is heavily stereotypical, portraying women as weak and helpless, and leaving them suffering and appealing to the watcher to help by downloading the game. This leads to questions about consumer protection and the harm these advertisements can cause.

Chloride‐Ion Blocking in Seawater Electrolysis: Narrating the Tale of Likes and Dislikes Between Anode and Ions

Seawater is the most abundant source of molecular hydrogen. Utilizing the hydrogen reserves present in the seawater may inaugurate innovative strategies aimed at advancing sustainable energy and environmental preservation endeavors in the future. Recently, there has been a surge in study in the field addressing the production of hydrogen through the electrochemical seawater splitting. However, the performance and durability of the electrode have limitations due to the fact that there are a few challenges that need to be addressed in order to make the technology suitable for the industrial purpose. The active site blockage caused by chloride ions that are prevalent in seawater and chloride corrosion is the most significant issue; it has a negative impact on both the activity and the durability of the anode component. Addressing this particular issue is of upmost importance in the seawater splitting area. This review concentrates on the newly developed materials and techniques for inhibiting chloride ions by blocking the active sites, simultaneously preventing the chloride corrosion. It is anticipated that the concept will be advantageous for a large audience and will inspire researchers to study on this particular area of concern.

CFTIlandslides, Italian database of historical earthquake-induced landslides

Knowing the location, the extent and the characteristics of any earthquake-induced environmental phenomenon is becoming an increasingly pressing need for civil protection agencies and local administrations. In particular, earthquake-triggered landslides are known for being among the most important sources of secondary hazard, as they may cause significant losses and may delay rescue operations across large areas. The combination of the relatively frequent seismic release with a very high landslide susceptibility makes the Italian territory especially prone to the occurrence of earthquake-induced landslides. The CFTIlandslides dataset features over 1,000 landslides triggered by historical Italian earthquakes (up to 1997). The landslides effects are subdivided into classes based on location accuracy and type of movement. Knowing the distribution of the past earthquake-induced landslides provides the input information for assessing the related hazard. This dataset is addressed to a large audience of potential users, including researchers and scholars, administrators and technicians belonging to local institutions, and civil protection authorities.

When Prominence Overrules EminenceSubsidization of the Cultural Sectors in the Netherlands

What processes determine the allocation of state subsidies to a selection of cultural and artistic organizations? In the case of the Dutch cultural basic infrastructure (BIS) two main criteria are issued, namely quality and reputation. In this article, no attempt is made to define measures for artistic quality and reputation. Instead, it is observed by which criteria decision makers, public media, and artistic leaders refer to these concepts. The way in which the selection and granting are performed shows striking similarity with processes described in the literature. First, the theory of social comparison asserts that people in a shared activity compare opinions and abilities in a strife for growth. When technical constraints and limits impede the progress in ability, effort and attention shift to opinions on abilities of the members. In this social dimension, growth is more easily attained. This decoupling results into stagnation and inferior learning processes. Second, in an implicit elaboration of the social comparison theory, a model is proposed in which perceived quality and prominence determine which organization will receive price premiums. Perceived quality is indicated by the quality of the inputs and productivity assets. Prominence origins from media rankings and elicited preferences of intermediary organizations and affiliation with high-status actors. Prominence has more bearing in social processes in the institutional field than on quality indicators. This model provides a base for reputation bias among stakeholders of organizations. The theoretical approaches have been operationalized into an analytical framework. The framework appears to offer a powerful and accurate instrument to describe and explain courses of action and outcomes in Dutch cultural sectors. In discussion, it is questioned if it is wise to base a subsidization policy on social comparison. The strive for prominence in the institutional fields tends to overrule the search for quality and eminence. It is recommended to reconsider social comparison processes by reduction of the arbitrariness in the performance assessment and evaluation. In this respect, promising and high-quality performers are supported in their access to large audiences. It is proposed that the framework can be applied in all situations where resources and performance opportunities are allocated to a selection of executing actors. Choices will be based on a mix of past and future performances. The situations suited for application may vary from philanthropy to hard core and non-profit sectors to private business industries.

The impact of audience dynamics on public speaking anxiety in virtual scenarios: An online survey

BackgroundPublic speaking is one of the most commonly feared situations reported in both community and university samples. Despite extensive theoretical models and empirical studies aimed at delineating the underlying factors of Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA), the specific variables contributing to its onset remain incompletely characterised. MethodsThe research involved 297 participants from an AmazonTurk survey, engaging with virtual public speaking scenarios differentiated by audience size, engagement levels, and room spatial dimensions. Participants' anticipated anxiety levels were quantitatively assessed across these scenarios, enabling a comprehensive exploration of the interaction between situational variables and PSA, thereby providing a framework to explore the influence of audience size, engagement, and spatial dimensions on PSA. ResultsThe mixed-effect model revealed a significant interaction among audience size, audience engagement, and room spatial dimensions. Further analyses using principal axis factoring and multiple regression identified three main factors: F1 (Engagement in a Large Audience), F2 (Confinement or Evaluation Anxiety), and F3 (Audience Disengagement). These factors significantly predict PSA scores. ConclusionsThis study reveals that PSA is influenced by a complex interplay of audience size, room dimensions, and audience engagement. The finding underscores the viable way to incorporate these situational variables in both empirical investigations and therapeutic interventions. Specifically, it introduces a novel framework for standardising audience size relative to room capacity.

SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF YOUTUBE COMMENTS ON WISH 107.5 VIDEOS USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)

Wish 107.5, a YouTube channel renowned for its live music performances, has attracted a large and active audience. Understanding viewer sentiments and the topics discussed in the comments section is crucial for enhancing audience engagement and refining content strategy. This study employs Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to analyze the sentiments and topics of YouTube comments on Wish 107.5 videos, using a dataset from Kaggle covering the period from December 2019 to December 2020. Google Collab was used for data processing, with sentiment analysis performed using a binary classification tool, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks applied for topic modeling. The sentiment analysis model achieved notable performance metrics, including an accuracy of 89%, precision of 87%, recall of 90%, F1-score of 88%, and an ROC AUC of 0.92, demonstrating its effectiveness in classifying YouTube comments. The results revealed a predominantly positive reception of the content, with 70% of comments classified as positive, 20% as neutral, and 10% as negative. Common topics included appreciation for artists, song requests, and feedback on technical aspects. While the model exhibited a training accuracy nearing 1.0, the validation accuracy was 0.78, indicating some overfitting. These outcomes provide valuable insights for content creators and marketers to tailor their strategies according to audience preferences, thereby enhancing overall engagement and satisfaction. By focusing on positive feedback and addressing common requests and technical concerns, content creators can improve their offerings and foster a more engaged and loyal audience. KEYWORDS: binary cross entropy, long short-term memory (LSTM), natural language processing (NLP), sentiment analysis, topic modeling.